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## Math and Science time line

January 5, 2020   Compiled on January 5, 2020 at 8:13am   [public]
 1584-1667 • Gregory St. Vincent. Publishes in 1647 Opus geometricum quadrature ciculi et sectionum coni. First use of method of exhaustion in geometry. First use of method of chords to transform one conic to another. First use of geometric series. 1616-1703 • John Wallis. Publishes Arithmetica inﬁnitorum in 1655. Created the arithemtical concept of limit. First to use the symbol $$\infty$$. First to use the term hypergeometric series. 1625 • Pietro Mengoli Alternative proof that harmonic series diverges 1629-1695 • Christian Huygens. One of his famous works is De horologio oscillatorio published in Paris in 1673. Invented pendulum clock. Wrote the ﬁrst formal book on probability. Proposed the wave theory of light. Publication of his Opuscula posthuma in 1703 after his death. 1630-1677 • Isaac Barrow. Professor of Mathematics in London and Cambridge. Famous for method of tangents. Publishes Lectiones geometrica (1670) and Lectiones mathematica (1683). 1638 • James Gregory. Born in Drumoak, United Kingdom. Scottish mathematician. Taylor series 1643 • Isaac Newton. Born in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England 1646 • Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Born in Leipzig, Germany 1655 • Jacob Bernoulli. Born in Basel, Switzerland 1667 • Johann Bernoulli. Born in Basel, Switzerland 1669 • Isaac Newton becomes Chair of Mathematics in Cambridge when Isaac Barrow vacates this position for Newton. 1669 • Isaac Newton. Writes major Work on Calculus. ”De analysi” or ”On Analysis by Equations with an inﬁnite number of terms”. First time the series for $$\sin (x)$$ and $$\cos (x)$$ derived. Also gives Quadrature rules for ﬁrst time. This work was actually published in 1711 1671 • James Gregory. Finds power series for $$\arctan (x)$$ 1675 • James Gregory. Died in Edinburgh, United Kingdom June 13, 1676 • Newton sends famous letter to H. Oldenburg, containing ﬁrst announcement of binomial theorem using negative and fractional exponents. 1676 • Isaac Newton. epistola prio letter Newton sends to Leibniz giving for ﬁrst time account of the Binomial series expansion 1684 • Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Publish ﬁrst paper on diﬀerential calculus. ”A new method for maxima and minima, and also tangents, which is impeded neither by fractional nor by irrational quantities, and a remarkable type of calculus for this” 1687 • Isaac Newton. First edition of Principia Mathematica published 1689 • Jakob Bernoulli. Publication of ”Treatise on inﬁnite series and their ﬁnite sums” 1705 • Jacob Bernoulli. Died in Basel, Switzerland April 15, 1707 • Leonhard Euler. Born in Basel, Switzerland 1713 • Isaac Newton. Second edition of Principia Mathematica published November 14, 1716 • Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Died. Hannover, Germany November 16, 1717 • Jean le Rond d’Alembert. Born. Paris, France (First to propose that calculus be based on concept of limit) 1726 • Leonhard Euler. Dissertation published (Physical dissertation on sound) March 31, 1727 • Isaac Newton. Died. Kensington, London, United Kingdom October 1729 • Leonhard Euler. Letter to Christian Goldback showing ﬁrst proporsal to extend fractorial to positive numbers which can be non-integer. 1746 • d’Alembert discovers the solution to wave equation named after him 1748 • Leonhard Euler. Publishes text ”Introduction to analysis of inﬁnite” January 1, 1748 • Johann Bernoulli. Died in Basel, Switzerland September 18, 1752 • Adrien-Marie Legendre. Born in Paris, France March 21, 1768 • Joseph Fourier. Born in Auxerre, France April 20, 1777 • Carl Friedrich Gauss. Born in Brunswick, Germany September 18, 1783 • Leonhard Euler. Died in Saint Petersburg, Russia October 29, 1783 • Jean le Rond d’Alembert. Died. Paris, France August 21, 1789 • Augustin-Louis Cauchy. Born. Paris, France 13 February, 1805 • Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet. Born, Duren, French Empire October 31, 1815 • Karl Weierstrass. Born, Ennigerloh, Germany 1822 • Joseph Fourier Publishes ”The analytical theory of heat” 1823 • Augustin-Louis Cauchy. Published Calcul Inﬁnitésimal • May 16, 1830 • Joseph Fourier Died in Paris, France January 10, 1833 • Adrien-Marie Legendre. Died in Paris, France 1844 • Joseph Liouville proved the existence of transcendental numbers 1851 • Joseph Liouville. Publish paper showing for ﬁrst time a transcendental number $$\sum _{k=1}^\infty \frac{1}{10^{k!}}$$ 1854 • Henri Poincare, Born April 29,1854 February 23, 1855 • Carl Friedrich Gauss Died in Gottingen, Germany May 23, 1857 • Augustin-Louis Cauchy Died. Sceaux, France May 5, 1859 • Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet. Died (aged 54), Gottingen, Kingdom of Hanover 1875 • Karl Weierstrass. Paul duBois Reymond publishes account of Karl Weierstrass pathological function which is continuous at every point but diﬀerentiable nowhere. Karl ﬁrst discovered this function in the 1860’s. If $$a\geq 3$$ is an odd integer and if $$01+\frac{3 \pi }{2}$$ then the function $$f(x)=\sum _{k=0}^{\infty } b^k \cos (\pi a^k x)$$ is such. February 19, 1897 • Karl Weierstrass Died, Berlin, Germany 1912 • Henri Poincare, Died July 17, 1912 • • • •

### Reference

1.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_of_Principia_Mathematica
2.
https://blogs.uoregon.edu/scua/2019/02/04/isaac-newtons-work-on-calculus-de-analysi-1711/
3.
Book: The Calculus Gallary. by William Dunham. Princeton Press 2005. https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Gregory
4.
A history of Mathematics, by Florian Cajori, 1919.