76.27.17 problem 17

Internal problem ID [17792]
Book : Differential equations. An introduction to modern methods and applications. James Brannan, William E. Boyce. Third edition. Wiley 2015
Section : Chapter 6. Systems of First Order Linear Equations. Section 6.5 (Fundamental Matrices and the Exponential of a Matrix). Problems at page 430
Problem number : 17
Date solved : Monday, March 31, 2025 at 04:27:49 PM
CAS classification : system_of_ODEs

\begin{align*} \frac {d}{d t}x_{1} \left (t \right )&=-4 x_{1} \left (t \right )-x_{2} \left (t \right )\\ \frac {d}{d t}x_{2} \left (t \right )&=x_{1} \left (t \right )-2 x_{2} \left (t \right ) \end{align*}

✓ Maple. Time used: 0.116 (sec). Leaf size: 29

ode:=[diff(x__1(t),t) = -4*x__1(t)-x__2(t), diff(x__2(t),t) = x__1(t)-2*x__2(t)]; 
dsolve(ode);
 

\begin{align*} x_{1} \left (t \right ) &= {\mathrm e}^{-3 t} \left (c_2 t +c_1 \right ) \\ x_{2} \left (t \right ) &= -{\mathrm e}^{-3 t} \left (c_2 t +c_1 +c_2 \right ) \\ \end{align*}

✓ Mathematica. Time used: 0.002 (sec). Leaf size: 43

ode={D[x1[t],t]==-4*x1[t]-1*x2[t],D[x2[t],t]==1*x1[t]-2*x2[t]}; 
ic={}; 
DSolve[{ode,ic},{x1[t],x2[t]},t,IncludeSingularSolutions->True]
 

\begin{align*} \text {x1}(t)\to e^{-3 t} (c_1 (-t)-c_2 t+c_1) \\ \text {x2}(t)\to e^{-3 t} ((c_1+c_2) t+c_2) \\ \end{align*}

✓ Sympy. Time used: 0.086 (sec). Leaf size: 37

from sympy import * 
t = symbols("t") 
x__1 = Function("x__1") 
x__2 = Function("x__2") 
ode=[Eq(4*x__1(t) + x__2(t) + Derivative(x__1(t), t),0),Eq(-x__1(t) + 2*x__2(t) + Derivative(x__2(t), t),0)] 
ics = {} 
dsolve(ode,func=[x__1(t),x__2(t)],ics=ics)
 

\[ \left [ x^{1}{\left (t \right )} = - C_{2} t e^{- 3 t} - \left (C_{1} - C_{2}\right ) e^{- 3 t}, \ x^{2}{\left (t \right )} = C_{1} e^{- 3 t} + C_{2} t e^{- 3 t}\right ] \]