Optimal. Leaf size=30 \[ \frac {5}{6} \tanh ^{-1}(\sin (x))-x \sec (x)+\frac {1}{3} x \sec ^3(x)-\frac {1}{6} \sec (x) \tan (x) \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.03, antiderivative size = 30, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 5, number of rules used = 4, integrand size = 8, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.500, Rules used = {2686, 4502,
3855, 3853} \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{3} x \sec ^3(x)-x \sec (x)+\frac {5}{6} \tanh ^{-1}(\sin (x))-\frac {1}{6} \tan (x) \sec (x) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 2686
Rule 3853
Rule 3855
Rule 4502
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int x \sec (x) \tan ^3(x) \, dx &=-x \sec (x)+\frac {1}{3} x \sec ^3(x)-\int \left (-\sec (x)+\frac {\sec ^3(x)}{3}\right ) \, dx\\ &=-x \sec (x)+\frac {1}{3} x \sec ^3(x)-\frac {1}{3} \int \sec ^3(x) \, dx+\int \sec (x) \, dx\\ &=\tanh ^{-1}(\sin (x))-x \sec (x)+\frac {1}{3} x \sec ^3(x)-\frac {1}{6} \sec (x) \tan (x)-\frac {1}{6} \int \sec (x) \, dx\\ &=\frac {5}{6} \tanh ^{-1}(\sin (x))-x \sec (x)+\frac {1}{3} x \sec ^3(x)-\frac {1}{6} \sec (x) \tan (x)\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [B] Leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(104\) vs. \(2(30)=60\).
time = 0.09, size = 104, normalized size = 3.47 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{24} \sec ^3(x) \left (4 x+12 x \cos (2 x)+5 \cos (3 x) \log \left (\cos \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )-\sin \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )+15 \cos (x) \left (\log \left (\cos \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )-\sin \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )-\log \left (\cos \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )+\sin \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )\right )-5 \cos (3 x) \log \left (\cos \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )+\sin \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )+2 \sin (2 x)\right ) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A]
time = 0.20, size = 30, normalized size = 1.00
method | result | size |
default | \(-\frac {x}{\cos \left (x \right )}+\frac {5 \ln \left (\sec \left (x \right )+\tan \left (x \right )\right )}{6}+\frac {x}{3 \cos \left (x \right )^{3}}-\frac {\sec \left (x \right ) \tan \left (x \right )}{6}\) | \(30\) |
norman | \(\frac {\frac {2 x}{3}-\frac {\left (\tan ^{5}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{3}-2 x \left (\tan ^{2}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )-2 x \left (\tan ^{4}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )+\frac {2 x \left (\tan ^{6}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{3}+\frac {\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{3}}{\left (\tan ^{2}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )-1\right )^{3}}-\frac {5 \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )-1\right )}{6}+\frac {5 \ln \left (1+\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{6}\) | \(76\) |
risch | \(-\frac {6 x \,{\mathrm e}^{5 i x}+4 x \,{\mathrm e}^{3 i x}-i {\mathrm e}^{5 i x}+6 x \,{\mathrm e}^{i x}+i {\mathrm e}^{i x}}{3 \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i x}+1\right )^{3}}+\frac {5 \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}+i\right )}{6}-\frac {5 \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}-i\right )}{6}\) | \(76\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 619 vs.
\(2 (24) = 48\).
time = 0.92, size = 619, normalized size = 20.63 \begin {gather*} -\frac {48 \, x \sin \left (3 \, x\right ) \sin \left (2 \, x\right ) + 4 \, {\left (6 \, x \cos \left (5 \, x\right ) + 4 \, x \cos \left (3 \, x\right ) + 6 \, x \cos \left (x\right ) + \sin \left (5 \, x\right ) - \sin \left (x\right )\right )} \cos \left (6 \, x\right ) + 12 \, {\left (6 \, x \cos \left (4 \, x\right ) + 6 \, x \cos \left (2 \, x\right ) + 2 \, x - \sin \left (4 \, x\right ) - \sin \left (2 \, x\right )\right )} \cos \left (5 \, x\right ) + 12 \, {\left (4 \, x \cos \left (3 \, x\right ) + 6 \, x \cos \left (x\right ) - \sin \left (x\right )\right )} \cos \left (4 \, x\right ) + 16 \, {\left (3 \, x \cos \left (2 \, x\right ) + x\right )} \cos \left (3 \, x\right ) + 12 \, {\left (6 \, x \cos \left (x\right ) - \sin \left (x\right )\right )} \cos \left (2 \, x\right ) + 24 \, x \cos \left (x\right ) - 5 \, {\left (2 \, {\left (3 \, \cos \left (4 \, x\right ) + 3 \, \cos \left (2 \, x\right ) + 1\right )} \cos \left (6 \, x\right ) + \cos \left (6 \, x\right )^{2} + 6 \, {\left (3 \, \cos \left (2 \, x\right ) + 1\right )} \cos \left (4 \, x\right ) + 9 \, \cos \left (4 \, x\right )^{2} + 9 \, \cos \left (2 \, x\right )^{2} + 6 \, {\left (\sin \left (4 \, x\right ) + \sin \left (2 \, x\right )\right )} \sin \left (6 \, x\right ) + \sin \left (6 \, x\right )^{2} + 9 \, \sin \left (4 \, x\right )^{2} + 18 \, \sin \left (4 \, x\right ) \sin \left (2 \, x\right ) + 9 \, \sin \left (2 \, x\right )^{2} + 6 \, \cos \left (2 \, x\right ) + 1\right )} \log \left (\cos \left (x\right )^{2} + \sin \left (x\right )^{2} + 2 \, \sin \left (x\right ) + 1\right ) + 5 \, {\left (2 \, {\left (3 \, \cos \left (4 \, x\right ) + 3 \, \cos \left (2 \, x\right ) + 1\right )} \cos \left (6 \, x\right ) + \cos \left (6 \, x\right )^{2} + 6 \, {\left (3 \, \cos \left (2 \, x\right ) + 1\right )} \cos \left (4 \, x\right ) + 9 \, \cos \left (4 \, x\right )^{2} + 9 \, \cos \left (2 \, x\right )^{2} + 6 \, {\left (\sin \left (4 \, x\right ) + \sin \left (2 \, x\right )\right )} \sin \left (6 \, x\right ) + \sin \left (6 \, x\right )^{2} + 9 \, \sin \left (4 \, x\right )^{2} + 18 \, \sin \left (4 \, x\right ) \sin \left (2 \, x\right ) + 9 \, \sin \left (2 \, x\right )^{2} + 6 \, \cos \left (2 \, x\right ) + 1\right )} \log \left (\cos \left (x\right )^{2} + \sin \left (x\right )^{2} - 2 \, \sin \left (x\right ) + 1\right ) + 4 \, {\left (6 \, x \sin \left (5 \, x\right ) + 4 \, x \sin \left (3 \, x\right ) + 6 \, x \sin \left (x\right ) - \cos \left (5 \, x\right ) + \cos \left (x\right )\right )} \sin \left (6 \, x\right ) + 4 \, {\left (18 \, x \sin \left (4 \, x\right ) + 18 \, x \sin \left (2 \, x\right ) + 3 \, \cos \left (4 \, x\right ) + 3 \, \cos \left (2 \, x\right ) + 1\right )} \sin \left (5 \, x\right ) + 12 \, {\left (4 \, x \sin \left (3 \, x\right ) + 6 \, x \sin \left (x\right ) + \cos \left (x\right )\right )} \sin \left (4 \, x\right ) + 12 \, {\left (6 \, x \sin \left (x\right ) + \cos \left (x\right )\right )} \sin \left (2 \, x\right ) - 4 \, \sin \left (x\right )}{12 \, {\left (2 \, {\left (3 \, \cos \left (4 \, x\right ) + 3 \, \cos \left (2 \, x\right ) + 1\right )} \cos \left (6 \, x\right ) + \cos \left (6 \, x\right )^{2} + 6 \, {\left (3 \, \cos \left (2 \, x\right ) + 1\right )} \cos \left (4 \, x\right ) + 9 \, \cos \left (4 \, x\right )^{2} + 9 \, \cos \left (2 \, x\right )^{2} + 6 \, {\left (\sin \left (4 \, x\right ) + \sin \left (2 \, x\right )\right )} \sin \left (6 \, x\right ) + \sin \left (6 \, x\right )^{2} + 9 \, \sin \left (4 \, x\right )^{2} + 18 \, \sin \left (4 \, x\right ) \sin \left (2 \, x\right ) + 9 \, \sin \left (2 \, x\right )^{2} + 6 \, \cos \left (2 \, x\right ) + 1\right )}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A]
time = 0.82, size = 47, normalized size = 1.57 \begin {gather*} \frac {5 \, \cos \left (x\right )^{3} \log \left (\sin \left (x\right ) + 1\right ) - 5 \, \cos \left (x\right )^{3} \log \left (-\sin \left (x\right ) + 1\right ) - 12 \, x \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - 2 \, \cos \left (x\right ) \sin \left (x\right ) + 4 \, x}{12 \, \cos \left (x\right )^{3}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 551 vs.
\(2 (29) = 58\).
time = 0.67, size = 551, normalized size = 18.37 \begin {gather*} \frac {4 x \tan ^{6}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )}}{6 \tan ^{6}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 18 \tan ^{4}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 18 \tan ^{2}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 6} - \frac {12 x \tan ^{4}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )}}{6 \tan ^{6}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 18 \tan ^{4}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 18 \tan ^{2}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 6} - \frac {12 x \tan ^{2}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )}}{6 \tan ^{6}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 18 \tan ^{4}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 18 \tan ^{2}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 6} + \frac {4 x}{6 \tan ^{6}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 18 \tan ^{4}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 18 \tan ^{2}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 6} - \frac {5 \log {\left (\tan {\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 1 \right )} \tan ^{6}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )}}{6 \tan ^{6}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 18 \tan ^{4}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 18 \tan ^{2}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 6} + \frac {15 \log {\left (\tan {\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 1 \right )} \tan ^{4}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )}}{6 \tan ^{6}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 18 \tan ^{4}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 18 \tan ^{2}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 6} - \frac {15 \log {\left (\tan {\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 1 \right )} \tan ^{2}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )}}{6 \tan ^{6}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 18 \tan ^{4}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 18 \tan ^{2}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 6} + \frac {5 \log {\left (\tan {\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 1 \right )}}{6 \tan ^{6}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 18 \tan ^{4}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 18 \tan ^{2}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 6} + \frac {5 \log {\left (\tan {\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 1 \right )} \tan ^{6}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )}}{6 \tan ^{6}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 18 \tan ^{4}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 18 \tan ^{2}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 6} - \frac {15 \log {\left (\tan {\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 1 \right )} \tan ^{4}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )}}{6 \tan ^{6}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 18 \tan ^{4}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 18 \tan ^{2}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 6} + \frac {15 \log {\left (\tan {\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 1 \right )} \tan ^{2}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )}}{6 \tan ^{6}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 18 \tan ^{4}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 18 \tan ^{2}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 6} - \frac {5 \log {\left (\tan {\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 1 \right )}}{6 \tan ^{6}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 18 \tan ^{4}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 18 \tan ^{2}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 6} - \frac {2 \tan ^{5}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )}}{6 \tan ^{6}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 18 \tan ^{4}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 18 \tan ^{2}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 6} + \frac {2 \tan {\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )}}{6 \tan ^{6}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 18 \tan ^{4}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} + 18 \tan ^{2}{\left (\frac {x}{2} \right )} - 6} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 341 vs.
\(2 (24) = 48\).
time = 0.95, size = 341, normalized size = 11.37 \begin {gather*} \frac {8 \, x \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{6} + 5 \, \log \left (\frac {2 \, {\left (\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + 2 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right ) + 1\right )}}{\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + 1}\right ) \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{6} - 5 \, \log \left (\frac {2 \, {\left (\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} - 2 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right ) + 1\right )}}{\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + 1}\right ) \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{6} - 24 \, x \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{4} - 15 \, \log \left (\frac {2 \, {\left (\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + 2 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right ) + 1\right )}}{\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + 1}\right ) \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{4} + 15 \, \log \left (\frac {2 \, {\left (\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} - 2 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right ) + 1\right )}}{\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + 1}\right ) \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{4} - 4 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{5} - 24 \, x \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + 15 \, \log \left (\frac {2 \, {\left (\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + 2 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right ) + 1\right )}}{\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + 1}\right ) \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} - 15 \, \log \left (\frac {2 \, {\left (\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} - 2 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right ) + 1\right )}}{\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + 1}\right ) \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + 8 \, x - 5 \, \log \left (\frac {2 \, {\left (\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + 2 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right ) + 1\right )}}{\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + 1}\right ) + 5 \, \log \left (\frac {2 \, {\left (\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} - 2 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right ) + 1\right )}}{\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + 1}\right ) + 4 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )}{12 \, {\left (\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{6} - 3 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{4} + 3 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} - 1\right )}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [B]
time = 0.50, size = 35, normalized size = 1.17 \begin {gather*} -\frac {x\,{\cos \left (x\right )}^2-\frac {x}{3}+\frac {\sin \left (2\,x\right )}{12}}{{\cos \left (x\right )}^3}-\frac {\mathrm {atan}\left (\cos \left (x\right )+\sin \left (x\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )\,5{}\mathrm {i}}{3} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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