Optimal. Leaf size=35 \[ -\frac {1}{3} \tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {3}-2 x\right )+\frac {2}{3} \tan ^{-1}(x)+\frac {1}{3} \tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {3}+2 x\right ) \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.31, antiderivative size = 35, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 22, number of rules used = 8, integrand size = 13, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.615, Rules used = {1890, 215,
648, 632, 210, 642, 209, 301} \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{3} \text {ArcTan}\left (\sqrt {3}-2 x\right )+\frac {2 \text {ArcTan}(x)}{3}+\frac {1}{3} \text {ArcTan}\left (2 x+\sqrt {3}\right ) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 209
Rule 210
Rule 215
Rule 301
Rule 632
Rule 642
Rule 648
Rule 1890
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1+x^4}{1+x^6} \, dx &=\int \left (\frac {1}{1+x^6}+\frac {x^4}{1+x^6}\right ) \, dx\\ &=\int \frac {1}{1+x^6} \, dx+\int \frac {x^4}{1+x^6} \, dx\\ &=\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {1-\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{2}}{1-\sqrt {3} x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{2}}{1-\sqrt {3} x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{2}}{1+\sqrt {3} x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {1+\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{2}}{1+\sqrt {3} x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {2}{3} \int \frac {1}{1+x^2} \, dx\\ &=\frac {2}{3} \tan ^{-1}(x)+2 \left (\frac {1}{12} \int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt {3} x+x^2} \, dx\right )+2 \left (\frac {1}{12} \int \frac {1}{1+\sqrt {3} x+x^2} \, dx\right )\\ &=\frac {2}{3} \tan ^{-1}(x)-2 \left (\frac {1}{6} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,-\sqrt {3}+2 x\right )\right )-2 \left (\frac {1}{6} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {3}+2 x\right )\right )\\ &=-\frac {1}{3} \tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {3}-2 x\right )+\frac {2}{3} \tan ^{-1}(x)+\frac {1}{3} \tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {3}+2 x\right )\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.01, size = 21, normalized size = 0.60 \begin {gather*} \frac {2}{3} \tan ^{-1}(x)-\frac {1}{3} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{-1+x^2}\right ) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A]
time = 0.06, size = 28, normalized size = 0.80
method | result | size |
risch | \(\arctan \left (x \right )+\frac {\arctan \left (x^{3}\right )}{3}\) | \(10\) |
default | \(\frac {2 \arctan \left (x \right )}{3}+\frac {\arctan \left (2 x -\sqrt {3}\right )}{3}+\frac {\arctan \left (2 x +\sqrt {3}\right )}{3}\) | \(28\) |
meijerg | \(\frac {x^{5} \sqrt {3}\, \ln \left (1-\sqrt {3}\, \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}+\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{12 \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {5}{6}}}+\frac {x^{5} \arctan \left (\frac {\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}{2-\sqrt {3}\, \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}\right )}{6 \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {5}{6}}}+\frac {x^{5} \arctan \left (\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}\right )}{3 \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {5}{6}}}-\frac {x^{5} \sqrt {3}\, \ln \left (1+\sqrt {3}\, \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}+\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{12 \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {5}{6}}}+\frac {x^{5} \arctan \left (\frac {\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}{2+\sqrt {3}\, \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}\right )}{6 \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {5}{6}}}-\frac {x \sqrt {3}\, \ln \left (1-\sqrt {3}\, \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}+\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{12 \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}+\frac {x \arctan \left (\frac {\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}{2-\sqrt {3}\, \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}\right )}{6 \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}+\frac {x \arctan \left (\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}\right )}{3 \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}+\frac {x \sqrt {3}\, \ln \left (1+\sqrt {3}\, \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}+\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{12 \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}+\frac {x \arctan \left (\frac {\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}{2+\sqrt {3}\, \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}\right )}{6 \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}\) | \(274\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [A]
time = 3.62, size = 27, normalized size = 0.77 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{3} \, \arctan \left (2 \, x + \sqrt {3}\right ) + \frac {1}{3} \, \arctan \left (2 \, x - \sqrt {3}\right ) + \frac {2}{3} \, \arctan \left (x\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A]
time = 0.54, size = 9, normalized size = 0.26 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{3} \, \arctan \left (x^{3}\right ) + \arctan \left (x\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [A]
time = 0.04, size = 8, normalized size = 0.23 \begin {gather*} \operatorname {atan}{\left (x \right )} + \frac {\operatorname {atan}{\left (x^{3} \right )}}{3} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A]
time = 0.45, size = 27, normalized size = 0.77 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{3} \, \arctan \left (2 \, x + \sqrt {3}\right ) + \frac {1}{3} \, \arctan \left (2 \, x - \sqrt {3}\right ) + \frac {2}{3} \, \arctan \left (x\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [B]
time = 0.03, size = 9, normalized size = 0.26 \begin {gather*} \frac {\mathrm {atan}\left (x^3\right )}{3}+\mathrm {atan}\left (x\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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