Optimal. Leaf size=319 \[ -\frac {x}{4 a^4 b^4 \sqrt {a^4 x^4-b^4}}-\frac {\left (\frac {1}{16}-\frac {i}{16}\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\frac {\left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i}{2}\right ) \sqrt {a^4 x^4-b^4}}{\sqrt {3-2 \sqrt {2}} a b}+\frac {\left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i}{2}\right ) a x^2}{\sqrt {3-2 \sqrt {2}} b}+\frac {\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i}{2}\right ) b}{\sqrt {3-2 \sqrt {2}} a}}{x}\right )}{a^5 b^5}+\frac {\left (\frac {1}{16}-\frac {i}{16}\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\frac {\left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i}{2}\right ) \sqrt {a^4 x^4-b^4}}{\sqrt {3+2 \sqrt {2}} a b}+\frac {\left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i}{2}\right ) a x^2}{\sqrt {3+2 \sqrt {2}} b}+\frac {\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i}{2}\right ) b}{\sqrt {3+2 \sqrt {2}} a}}{x}\right )}{a^5 b^5}+\frac {\left (\frac {1}{8}-\frac {i}{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {(1+i) a b x}{\sqrt {a^4 x^4-b^4}+a^2 x^2+i b^2}\right )}{a^5 b^5} \]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Rubi [A] time = 0.08, antiderivative size = 120, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.38, number of steps used = 4, number of rules used = 4, integrand size = 36, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.111, Rules used = {1479, 471, 21, 405} \begin {gather*} -\frac {x}{4 a^4 b^4 \sqrt {a^4 x^4-b^4}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {a x \left (b^2-a^2 x^2\right )}{b \sqrt {a^4 x^4-b^4}}\right )}{8 a^5 b^5}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {a x \left (a^2 x^2+b^2\right )}{b \sqrt {a^4 x^4-b^4}}\right )}{8 a^5 b^5} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
[Out]
Rule 21
Rule 405
Rule 471
Rule 1479
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {x^4}{\sqrt {-b^4+a^4 x^4} \left (-b^8+a^8 x^8\right )} \, dx &=\int \frac {x^4}{\left (-b^4+a^4 x^4\right )^{3/2} \left (b^4+a^4 x^4\right )} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {x}{4 a^4 b^4 \sqrt {-b^4+a^4 x^4}}+\frac {\int \frac {b^4-a^4 x^4}{\sqrt {-b^4+a^4 x^4} \left (b^4+a^4 x^4\right )} \, dx}{4 a^4 b^4}\\ &=-\frac {x}{4 a^4 b^4 \sqrt {-b^4+a^4 x^4}}-\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {-b^4+a^4 x^4}}{b^4+a^4 x^4} \, dx}{4 a^4 b^4}\\ &=-\frac {x}{4 a^4 b^4 \sqrt {-b^4+a^4 x^4}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {a x \left (b^2-a^2 x^2\right )}{b \sqrt {-b^4+a^4 x^4}}\right )}{8 a^5 b^5}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {a x \left (b^2+a^2 x^2\right )}{b \sqrt {-b^4+a^4 x^4}}\right )}{8 a^5 b^5}\\ \end {align*}
________________________________________________________________________________________
Mathematica [C] time = 0.47, size = 205, normalized size = 0.64 \begin {gather*} \frac {x \left (\frac {5 \left (b^4-a^4 x^4\right ) F_1\left (\frac {1}{4};-\frac {1}{2},1;\frac {5}{4};\frac {a^4 x^4}{b^4},-\frac {a^4 x^4}{b^4}\right )}{\left (a^4 x^4+b^4\right ) \left (5 b^4 F_1\left (\frac {1}{4};-\frac {1}{2},1;\frac {5}{4};\frac {a^4 x^4}{b^4},-\frac {a^4 x^4}{b^4}\right )-2 a^4 x^4 \left (2 F_1\left (\frac {5}{4};-\frac {1}{2},2;\frac {9}{4};\frac {a^4 x^4}{b^4},-\frac {a^4 x^4}{b^4}\right )+F_1\left (\frac {5}{4};\frac {1}{2},1;\frac {9}{4};\frac {a^4 x^4}{b^4},-\frac {a^4 x^4}{b^4}\right )\right )\right )}-\frac {1}{b^4}\right )}{4 a^4 \sqrt {a^4 x^4-b^4}} \end {gather*}
Warning: Unable to verify antiderivative.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
IntegrateAlgebraic [A] time = 0.92, size = 253, normalized size = 0.79 \begin {gather*} -\frac {x}{4 a^4 b^4 \sqrt {-b^4+a^4 x^4}}+\frac {\left (\frac {1}{8}-\frac {i}{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {(1+i) a b x}{i b^2+a^2 x^2+\sqrt {-b^4+a^4 x^4}}\right )}{a^5 b^5}-\frac {\left (\frac {1}{16}-\frac {i}{16}\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {b^4-(1+i) a b^3 x-(1-i) a^3 b x^3-a^4 x^4+\left (-i b^2-(1-i) a b x-a^2 x^2\right ) \sqrt {-b^4+a^4 x^4}}{i b^4-(1-i) a b^3 x+(1+i) a^3 b x^3-i a^4 x^4+\left (b^2+(1+i) a b x-i a^2 x^2\right ) \sqrt {-b^4+a^4 x^4}}\right )}{a^5 b^5} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
fricas [A] time = 1.43, size = 166, normalized size = 0.52 \begin {gather*} -\frac {4 \, \sqrt {a^{4} x^{4} - b^{4}} a b x + 2 \, {\left (a^{4} x^{4} - b^{4}\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a^{4} x^{4} - b^{4}} a x}{a^{2} b x^{2} + b^{3}}\right ) - {\left (a^{4} x^{4} - b^{4}\right )} \log \left (\frac {a^{4} x^{4} + 2 \, a^{2} b^{2} x^{2} - b^{4} + 2 \, \sqrt {a^{4} x^{4} - b^{4}} a b x}{a^{4} x^{4} + b^{4}}\right )}{16 \, {\left (a^{9} b^{5} x^{4} - a^{5} b^{9}\right )}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
giac [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x^{4}}{{\left (a^{8} x^{8} - b^{8}\right )} \sqrt {a^{4} x^{4} - b^{4}}}\,{d x} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
maple [A] time = 0.25, size = 273, normalized size = 0.86
method | result | size |
elliptic | \(\frac {\left (-\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \ln \left (\frac {\frac {a^{4} x^{4}-b^{4}}{2 x^{2}}-\frac {\left (a^{4} b^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {a^{4} x^{4}-b^{4}}}{x}+\sqrt {a^{4} b^{4}}}{\frac {a^{4} x^{4}-b^{4}}{2 x^{2}}+\frac {\left (a^{4} b^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {a^{4} x^{4}-b^{4}}}{x}+\sqrt {a^{4} b^{4}}}\right )}{32 a^{4} b^{4} \left (a^{4} b^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}-\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a^{4} x^{4}-b^{4}}}{\left (a^{4} b^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x}+1\right )}{16 a^{4} b^{4} \left (a^{4} b^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}-\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a^{4} x^{4}-b^{4}}}{\left (a^{4} b^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x}-1\right )}{16 a^{4} b^{4} \left (a^{4} b^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}-\frac {\sqrt {2}\, x}{4 a^{4} b^{4} \sqrt {a^{4} x^{4}-b^{4}}}\right ) \sqrt {2}}{2}\) | \(273\) |
default | \(-\frac {\frac {a^{4} x^{3}-a^{3} b \,x^{2}+a^{2} b^{2} x -a \,b^{3}}{2 a^{2} b^{3} \sqrt {\left (x +\frac {b}{a}\right ) \left (a^{4} x^{3}-a^{3} b \,x^{2}+a^{2} b^{2} x -a \,b^{3}\right )}}+\frac {\sqrt {\frac {a^{2} x^{2}}{b^{2}}+1}\, \sqrt {1-\frac {a^{2} x^{2}}{b^{2}}}\, \EllipticF \left (x \sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}, i\right )}{2 b \sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}\, \sqrt {a^{4} x^{4}-b^{4}}}-\frac {\sqrt {\frac {a^{2} x^{2}}{b^{2}}+1}\, \sqrt {1-\frac {a^{2} x^{2}}{b^{2}}}\, \left (\EllipticF \left (x \sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}, i\right )-\EllipticE \left (x \sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}, i\right )\right )}{2 b \sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}\, \sqrt {a^{4} x^{4}-b^{4}}}}{8 b^{3} a^{4}}+\frac {-\frac {a^{4} x^{3}+a^{3} b \,x^{2}+a^{2} b^{2} x +a \,b^{3}}{2 a^{2} b^{3} \sqrt {\left (x -\frac {b}{a}\right ) \left (a^{4} x^{3}+a^{3} b \,x^{2}+a^{2} b^{2} x +a \,b^{3}\right )}}-\frac {\sqrt {\frac {a^{2} x^{2}}{b^{2}}+1}\, \sqrt {1-\frac {a^{2} x^{2}}{b^{2}}}\, \EllipticF \left (x \sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}, i\right )}{2 b \sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}\, \sqrt {a^{4} x^{4}-b^{4}}}+\frac {\sqrt {\frac {a^{2} x^{2}}{b^{2}}+1}\, \sqrt {1-\frac {a^{2} x^{2}}{b^{2}}}\, \left (\EllipticF \left (x \sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}, i\right )-\EllipticE \left (x \sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}, i\right )\right )}{2 b \sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}\, \sqrt {a^{4} x^{4}-b^{4}}}}{8 b^{3} a^{4}}+\frac {\munderset {\underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha =\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4} a^{4}+b^{4}\right )}{\sum }\frac {-\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \arctanh \left (\frac {\underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{2} \left (\underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{2}+x^{2}\right ) a^{4}}{\sqrt {-2 b^{4}}\, \sqrt {a^{4} x^{4}-b^{4}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-b^{4}}}+\frac {4 \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{3} a^{4} \sqrt {\frac {a^{2} x^{2}}{b^{2}}+1}\, \sqrt {1-\frac {a^{2} x^{2}}{b^{2}}}\, \EllipticPi \left (x \sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}, \frac {\underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{2} a^{2}}{b^{2}}, \frac {\sqrt {\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}}{\sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}\, b^{4} \sqrt {a^{4} x^{4}-b^{4}}}}{\underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{3}}}{32 a^{8}}-\frac {-\frac {\left (a^{4} x^{2}-a^{2} b^{2}\right ) x}{2 b^{4} a^{2} \sqrt {\left (x^{2}+\frac {b^{2}}{a^{2}}\right ) \left (a^{4} x^{2}-a^{2} b^{2}\right )}}+\frac {\sqrt {\frac {a^{2} x^{2}}{b^{2}}+1}\, \sqrt {1-\frac {a^{2} x^{2}}{b^{2}}}\, \EllipticF \left (x \sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}, i\right )}{2 b^{2} \sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}\, \sqrt {a^{4} x^{4}-b^{4}}}+\frac {\sqrt {\frac {a^{2} x^{2}}{b^{2}}+1}\, \sqrt {1-\frac {a^{2} x^{2}}{b^{2}}}\, \left (\EllipticF \left (x \sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}, i\right )-\EllipticE \left (x \sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}, i\right )\right )}{2 b^{2} \sqrt {-\frac {a^{2}}{b^{2}}}\, \sqrt {a^{4} x^{4}-b^{4}}}}{4 a^{4} b^{2}}\) | \(921\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
maxima [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x^{4}}{{\left (a^{8} x^{8} - b^{8}\right )} \sqrt {a^{4} x^{4} - b^{4}}}\,{d x} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
mupad [F] time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.00 \begin {gather*} -\int \frac {x^4}{\sqrt {a^4\,x^4-b^4}\,\left (b^8-a^8\,x^8\right )} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
sympy [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x^{4}}{\sqrt {\left (a x - b\right ) \left (a x + b\right ) \left (a^{2} x^{2} + b^{2}\right )} \left (a x - b\right ) \left (a x + b\right ) \left (a^{2} x^{2} + b^{2}\right ) \left (a^{4} x^{4} + b^{4}\right )}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________