Optimal. Leaf size=116 \[ -\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x-1}{\sqrt {1-\sqrt {a+4}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a+4} \sqrt {1-\sqrt {a+4}}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x-1}{\sqrt {\sqrt {a+4}+1}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a+4} \sqrt {\sqrt {a+4}+1}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {(x-1)^2+1}{\sqrt {a+4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a+4}} \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.08, antiderivative size = 116, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 8, number of rules used = 7, integrand size = 24, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.292, Rules used = {1680, 1673, 1093, 204, 1107, 618, 206} \[ -\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x-1}{\sqrt {1-\sqrt {a+4}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a+4} \sqrt {1-\sqrt {a+4}}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x-1}{\sqrt {\sqrt {a+4}+1}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a+4} \sqrt {\sqrt {a+4}+1}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {(x-1)^2+1}{\sqrt {a+4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a+4}} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 204
Rule 206
Rule 618
Rule 1093
Rule 1107
Rule 1673
Rule 1680
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {x}{a+8 x-8 x^2+4 x^3-x^4} \, dx &=\operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1+x}{3+a-2 x^2-x^4} \, dx,x,-1+x\right )\\ &=\operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{3+a-2 x^2-x^4} \, dx,x,-1+x\right )+\operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x}{3+a-2 x^2-x^4} \, dx,x,-1+x\right )\\ &=\frac {1}{2} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{3+a-2 x-x^2} \, dx,x,(-1+x)^2\right )-\frac {\operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-\sqrt {4+a}-x^2} \, dx,x,-1+x\right )}{2 \sqrt {4+a}}+\frac {\operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1+\sqrt {4+a}-x^2} \, dx,x,-1+x\right )}{2 \sqrt {4+a}}\\ &=\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-x}{\sqrt {1-\sqrt {4+a}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {4+a} \sqrt {1-\sqrt {4+a}}}-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-x}{\sqrt {1+\sqrt {4+a}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {4+a} \sqrt {1+\sqrt {4+a}}}-\operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{4 (4+a)-x^2} \, dx,x,-2 \left (1+(-1+x)^2\right )\right )\\ &=\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-x}{\sqrt {1-\sqrt {4+a}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {4+a} \sqrt {1-\sqrt {4+a}}}-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-x}{\sqrt {1+\sqrt {4+a}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {4+a} \sqrt {1+\sqrt {4+a}}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+(-1+x)^2}{\sqrt {4+a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {4+a}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [C] time = 0.02, size = 59, normalized size = 0.51 \[ -\frac {1}{4} \text {RootSum}\left [-\text {$\#$1}^4+4 \text {$\#$1}^3-8 \text {$\#$1}^2+8 \text {$\#$1}+a\& ,\frac {\text {$\#$1} \log (x-\text {$\#$1})}{\text {$\#$1}^3-3 \text {$\#$1}^2+4 \text {$\#$1}-2}\& \right ] \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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fricas [F(-1)] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[ \text {Timed out} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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giac [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[ \int -\frac {x}{x^{4} - 4 \, x^{3} + 8 \, x^{2} - a - 8 \, x}\,{d x} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maple [C] time = 0.00, size = 50, normalized size = 0.43 \[ -\frac {\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-4 \textit {\_Z}^{3}+8 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-8 \textit {\_Z} -a \right ) \ln \left (-\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-4 \textit {\_Z}^{3}+8 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-8 \textit {\_Z} -a \right )+x \right )}{4 \left (\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-4 \textit {\_Z}^{3}+8 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-8 \textit {\_Z} -a \right )^{3}-3 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-4 \textit {\_Z}^{3}+8 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-8 \textit {\_Z} -a \right )^{2}+4 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-4 \textit {\_Z}^{3}+8 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-8 \textit {\_Z} -a \right )-2\right )} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maxima [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[ -\int \frac {x}{x^{4} - 4 \, x^{3} + 8 \, x^{2} - a - 8 \, x}\,{d x} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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mupad [B] time = 2.58, size = 275, normalized size = 2.37 \[ \sum _{k=1}^4\ln \left (-x-\mathrm {root}\left (2816\,a^2\,z^4+256\,a^3\,z^4+10240\,a\,z^4+12288\,z^4-32\,a^2\,z^2-256\,a\,z^2-512\,z^2+16\,a\,z+64\,z+a,z,k\right )\,\left (\mathrm {root}\left (2816\,a^2\,z^4+256\,a^3\,z^4+10240\,a\,z^4+12288\,z^4-32\,a^2\,z^2-256\,a\,z^2-512\,z^2+16\,a\,z+64\,z+a,z,k\right )\,\left (32\,a-\mathrm {root}\left (2816\,a^2\,z^4+256\,a^3\,z^4+10240\,a\,z^4+12288\,z^4-32\,a^2\,z^2-256\,a\,z^2-512\,z^2+16\,a\,z+64\,z+a,z,k\right )\,\left (64\,a-x\,\left (64\,a+256\right )+256\right )-x\,\left (16\,a+64\right )+128\right )-8\right )\right )\,\mathrm {root}\left (2816\,a^2\,z^4+256\,a^3\,z^4+10240\,a\,z^4+12288\,z^4-32\,a^2\,z^2-256\,a\,z^2-512\,z^2+16\,a\,z+64\,z+a,z,k\right ) \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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sympy [A] time = 4.43, size = 155, normalized size = 1.34 \[ - \operatorname {RootSum} {\left (t^{4} \left (256 a^{3} + 2816 a^{2} + 10240 a + 12288\right ) + t^{2} \left (- 32 a^{2} - 256 a - 512\right ) + t \left (- 16 a - 64\right ) + a, \left (t \mapsto t \log {\left (x + \frac {- 128 t^{3} a^{4} - 1728 t^{3} a^{3} - 8640 t^{3} a^{2} - 18944 t^{3} a - 15360 t^{3} + 48 t^{2} a^{3} + 464 t^{2} a^{2} + 1472 t^{2} a + 1536 t^{2} + 8 t a^{3} + 88 t a^{2} + 312 t a + 352 t - a^{2} - 2 a}{4 a^{2} + 21 a + 28} \right )} \right )\right )} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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