Optimal. Leaf size=57 \[ \frac {3 \sqrt {x^2+x+1}}{4 x}-\frac {\sqrt {x^2+x+1}}{2 x^2}+\frac {1}{8} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x+2}{2 \sqrt {x^2+x+1}}\right ) \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.02, antiderivative size = 57, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 4, number of rules used = 4, integrand size = 14, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.286, Rules used = {744, 806, 724, 206} \[ \frac {3 \sqrt {x^2+x+1}}{4 x}-\frac {\sqrt {x^2+x+1}}{2 x^2}+\frac {1}{8} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x+2}{2 \sqrt {x^2+x+1}}\right ) \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 206
Rule 724
Rule 744
Rule 806
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt {1+x+x^2}} \, dx &=-\frac {\sqrt {1+x+x^2}}{2 x^2}-\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {\frac {3}{2}+x}{x^2 \sqrt {1+x+x^2}} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {1+x+x^2}}{2 x^2}+\frac {3 \sqrt {1+x+x^2}}{4 x}-\frac {1}{8} \int \frac {1}{x \sqrt {1+x+x^2}} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {1+x+x^2}}{2 x^2}+\frac {3 \sqrt {1+x+x^2}}{4 x}+\frac {1}{4} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{4-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {2+x}{\sqrt {1+x+x^2}}\right )\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {1+x+x^2}}{2 x^2}+\frac {3 \sqrt {1+x+x^2}}{4 x}+\frac {1}{8} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {2+x}{2 \sqrt {1+x+x^2}}\right )\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A] time = 0.02, size = 43, normalized size = 0.75 \[ \frac {1}{8} \left (\frac {2 \sqrt {x^2+x+1} (3 x-2)}{x^2}+\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x+2}{2 \sqrt {x^2+x+1}}\right )\right ) \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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IntegrateAlgebraic [A] time = 0.14, size = 42, normalized size = 0.74 \[ \frac {(3 x-2) \sqrt {x^2+x+1}}{4 x^2}-\frac {1}{4} \tanh ^{-1}\left (x-\sqrt {x^2+x+1}\right ) \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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fricas [A] time = 0.71, size = 63, normalized size = 1.11 \[ \frac {x^{2} \log \left (-x + \sqrt {x^{2} + x + 1} + 1\right ) - x^{2} \log \left (-x + \sqrt {x^{2} + x + 1} - 1\right ) + 6 \, x^{2} + 2 \, \sqrt {x^{2} + x + 1} {\left (3 \, x - 2\right )}}{8 \, x^{2}} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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giac [A] time = 0.67, size = 84, normalized size = 1.47 \[ \frac {{\left (x - \sqrt {x^{2} + x + 1}\right )}^{3} + 9 \, x - 9 \, \sqrt {x^{2} + x + 1} + 8}{4 \, {\left ({\left (x - \sqrt {x^{2} + x + 1}\right )}^{2} - 1\right )}^{2}} + \frac {1}{8} \, \log \left ({\left | -x + \sqrt {x^{2} + x + 1} + 1 \right |}\right ) - \frac {1}{8} \, \log \left ({\left | -x + \sqrt {x^{2} + x + 1} - 1 \right |}\right ) \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maple [A] time = 0.36, size = 42, normalized size = 0.74
method | result | size |
trager | \(\frac {\left (-2+3 x \right ) \sqrt {x^{2}+x +1}}{4 x^{2}}-\frac {\ln \left (\frac {-2-x +2 \sqrt {x^{2}+x +1}}{x}\right )}{8}\) | \(42\) |
risch | \(\frac {3 x^{3}+x^{2}+x -2}{4 x^{2} \sqrt {x^{2}+x +1}}+\frac {\arctanh \left (\frac {2+x}{2 \sqrt {x^{2}+x +1}}\right )}{8}\) | \(42\) |
default | \(\frac {\arctanh \left (\frac {2+x}{2 \sqrt {x^{2}+x +1}}\right )}{8}-\frac {\sqrt {x^{2}+x +1}}{2 x^{2}}+\frac {3 \sqrt {x^{2}+x +1}}{4 x}\) | \(44\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maxima [A] time = 1.24, size = 50, normalized size = 0.88 \[ \frac {3 \, \sqrt {x^{2} + x + 1}}{4 \, x} - \frac {\sqrt {x^{2} + x + 1}}{2 \, x^{2}} + \frac {1}{8} \, \operatorname {arsinh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{3 \, {\left | x \right |}} + \frac {2 \, \sqrt {3}}{3 \, {\left | x \right |}}\right ) \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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mupad [F] time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.02 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^3\,\sqrt {x^2+x+1}} \,d x \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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sympy [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^{3} \sqrt {x^{2} + x + 1}}\, dx \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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