Optimal. Leaf size=109 \[ \frac {\log \left (a^2-\sqrt {2} a x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} a}-\frac {\log \left (a^2+\sqrt {2} a x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} a}-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{a}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} a}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{a}+1\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} a} \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.06, antiderivative size = 109, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 9, number of rules used = 6, integrand size = 13, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.462, Rules used = {297, 1162, 617, 204, 1165, 628} \[ \frac {\log \left (a^2-\sqrt {2} a x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} a}-\frac {\log \left (a^2+\sqrt {2} a x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} a}-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{a}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} a}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{a}+1\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} a} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 204
Rule 297
Rule 617
Rule 628
Rule 1162
Rule 1165
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {x^2}{a^4+x^4} \, dx &=-\left (\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {a^2-x^2}{a^4+x^4} \, dx\right )+\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {a^2+x^2}{a^4+x^4} \, dx\\ &=\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {1}{a^2-\sqrt {2} a x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {1}{a^2+\sqrt {2} a x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {2} a+2 x}{-a^2-\sqrt {2} a x-x^2} \, dx}{4 \sqrt {2} a}+\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {2} a-2 x}{-a^2+\sqrt {2} a x-x^2} \, dx}{4 \sqrt {2} a}\\ &=\frac {\log \left (a^2-\sqrt {2} a x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} a}-\frac {\log \left (a^2+\sqrt {2} a x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} a}+\frac {\operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{a}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} a}-\frac {\operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{a}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} a}\\ &=-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{a}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} a}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{a}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} a}+\frac {\log \left (a^2-\sqrt {2} a x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} a}-\frac {\log \left (a^2+\sqrt {2} a x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} a}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A] time = 0.03, size = 79, normalized size = 0.72 \[ \frac {\log \left (a^2-\sqrt {2} a x+x^2\right )-\log \left (a^2+\sqrt {2} a x+x^2\right )-2 \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{a}\right )+2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{a}+1\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} a} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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IntegrateAlgebraic [A] time = 0.31, size = 69, normalized size = 0.63 \[ -\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} a x}{a^2+x^2}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} a}-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\frac {a}{\sqrt {2}}-\frac {x^2}{\sqrt {2} a}}{x}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} a} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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fricas [B] time = 0.97, size = 199, normalized size = 1.83 \[ -\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} \frac {1}{a^{4}}^{\frac {1}{4}} \arctan \left (-\sqrt {2} \frac {1}{a^{4}}^{\frac {1}{4}} x + \sqrt {2} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} a^{4} \frac {1}{a^{4}}^{\frac {3}{4}} x + a^{4} \sqrt {\frac {1}{a^{4}}} + x^{2}} \frac {1}{a^{4}}^{\frac {1}{4}} - 1\right ) - \frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} \frac {1}{a^{4}}^{\frac {1}{4}} \arctan \left (-\sqrt {2} \frac {1}{a^{4}}^{\frac {1}{4}} x + \sqrt {2} \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} a^{4} \frac {1}{a^{4}}^{\frac {3}{4}} x + a^{4} \sqrt {\frac {1}{a^{4}}} + x^{2}} \frac {1}{a^{4}}^{\frac {1}{4}} + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{8} \, \sqrt {2} \frac {1}{a^{4}}^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (\sqrt {2} a^{4} \frac {1}{a^{4}}^{\frac {3}{4}} x + a^{4} \sqrt {\frac {1}{a^{4}}} + x^{2}\right ) + \frac {1}{8} \, \sqrt {2} \frac {1}{a^{4}}^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} a^{4} \frac {1}{a^{4}}^{\frac {3}{4}} x + a^{4} \sqrt {\frac {1}{a^{4}}} + x^{2}\right ) \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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giac [A] time = 0.97, size = 114, normalized size = 1.05 \[ \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left | a \right |} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} {\left | a \right |} + 2 \, x\right )}}{2 \, {\left | a \right |}}\right )}{4 \, a^{2}} + \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left | a \right |} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} {\left | a \right |} - 2 \, x\right )}}{2 \, {\left | a \right |}}\right )}{4 \, a^{2}} - \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left | a \right |} \log \left (\sqrt {2} x {\left | a \right |} + x^{2} + {\left | a \right |}^{2}\right )}{8 \, a^{2}} + \frac {\sqrt {2} {\left | a \right |} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} x {\left | a \right |} + x^{2} + {\left | a \right |}^{2}\right )}{8 \, a^{2}} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maple [C] time = 0.27, size = 24, normalized size = 0.22
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}+a^{4}\right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}}\right )}{4}\) | \(24\) |
default | \(\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \left (\ln \left (\frac {x^{2}-\left (a^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {a^{4}}}{x^{2}+\left (a^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {a^{4}}}\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, x}{\left (a^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}+1\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, x}{\left (a^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}-1\right )\right )}{8 \left (a^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\) | \(85\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maxima [A] time = 0.97, size = 98, normalized size = 0.90 \[ \frac {\sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} a + 2 \, x\right )}}{2 \, a}\right )}{4 \, a} + \frac {\sqrt {2} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} a - 2 \, x\right )}}{2 \, a}\right )}{4 \, a} - \frac {\sqrt {2} \log \left (\sqrt {2} a x + a^{2} + x^{2}\right )}{8 \, a} + \frac {\sqrt {2} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} a x + a^{2} + x^{2}\right )}{8 \, a} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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mupad [B] time = 0.10, size = 33, normalized size = 0.30 \[ \frac {{\left (-1\right )}^{1/4}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {{\left (-1\right )}^{1/4}\,x}{a}\right )-{\left (-1\right )}^{1/4}\,\mathrm {atanh}\left (\frac {{\left (-1\right )}^{1/4}\,x}{a}\right )}{2\,a} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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sympy [A] time = 0.14, size = 19, normalized size = 0.17 \[ \frac {\operatorname {RootSum} {\left (256 t^{4} + 1, \left (t \mapsto t \log {\left (64 t^{3} a + x \right )} \right )\right )}}{a} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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