Optimal. Leaf size=31 \[ \frac{1}{2} a^2 \tan ^{-1}(a x)-\frac{\cot ^{-1}(a x)}{2 x^2}+\frac{a}{2 x} \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.0148004, antiderivative size = 31, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 3, number of rules used = 3, integrand size = 8, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.375, Rules used = {4853, 325, 203} \[ \frac{1}{2} a^2 \tan ^{-1}(a x)-\frac{\cot ^{-1}(a x)}{2 x^2}+\frac{a}{2 x} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 4853
Rule 325
Rule 203
Rubi steps
\begin{align*} \int \frac{\cot ^{-1}(a x)}{x^3} \, dx &=-\frac{\cot ^{-1}(a x)}{2 x^2}-\frac{1}{2} a \int \frac{1}{x^2 \left (1+a^2 x^2\right )} \, dx\\ &=\frac{a}{2 x}-\frac{\cot ^{-1}(a x)}{2 x^2}+\frac{1}{2} a^3 \int \frac{1}{1+a^2 x^2} \, dx\\ &=\frac{a}{2 x}-\frac{\cot ^{-1}(a x)}{2 x^2}+\frac{1}{2} a^2 \tan ^{-1}(a x)\\ \end{align*}
Mathematica [C] time = 0.0023036, size = 36, normalized size = 1.16 \[ \frac{a \, _2F_1\left (-\frac{1}{2},1;\frac{1}{2};-a^2 x^2\right )}{2 x}-\frac{\cot ^{-1}(a x)}{2 x^2} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A] time = 0.043, size = 26, normalized size = 0.8 \begin{align*}{\frac{a}{2\,x}}-{\frac{{\rm arccot} \left (ax\right )}{2\,{x}^{2}}}+{\frac{{a}^{2}\arctan \left ( ax \right ) }{2}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [A] time = 1.50052, size = 31, normalized size = 1. \begin{align*} \frac{1}{2} \,{\left (a \arctan \left (a x\right ) + \frac{1}{x}\right )} a - \frac{\operatorname{arccot}\left (a x\right )}{2 \, x^{2}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A] time = 1.87474, size = 58, normalized size = 1.87 \begin{align*} \frac{a x -{\left (a^{2} x^{2} + 1\right )} \operatorname{arccot}\left (a x\right )}{2 \, x^{2}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [A] time = 0.631373, size = 24, normalized size = 0.77 \begin{align*} - \frac{a^{2} \operatorname{acot}{\left (a x \right )}}{2} + \frac{a}{2 x} - \frac{\operatorname{acot}{\left (a x \right )}}{2 x^{2}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A] time = 1.1101, size = 36, normalized size = 1.16 \begin{align*} \frac{1}{2} \,{\left (a \arctan \left (a x\right ) + \frac{1}{x}\right )} a - \frac{\arctan \left (\frac{1}{a x}\right )}{2 \, x^{2}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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