2.30.37 Problem 146

Internal problem ID [13807]
Book : Handbook of exact solutions for ordinary differential equations. By Polyanin and Zaitsev. Second edition
Section : Chapter 2, Second-Order Differential Equations. section 2.1.2-4
Problem number : 146
Date solved : Friday, December 19, 2025 at 01:00:38 PM
CAS classification : [[_2nd_order, _with_linear_symmetries]]

\begin{align*} x^{2} y^{\prime \prime }+x \left (x^{n} a +b \right ) y^{\prime }+\left (\beta \,x^{n}+\alpha \,x^{2 n}+\gamma \right ) y&=0 \\ \end{align*}

2.30.37.1 ✓ Maple. Time used: 0.023 (sec). Leaf size: 148

ode:=x^2*diff(diff(y(x),x),x)+(a*x^n+b)*diff(y(x),x)*x+(alpha*x^(2*n)+beta*x^n+gamma)*y(x) = 0; 
dsolve(ode,y(x), singsol=all);
 

\[ y = x^{-\frac {b}{2}-\frac {n}{2}+\frac {1}{2}} {\mathrm e}^{-\frac {a \,x^{n}}{2 n}} \left (\operatorname {WhittakerM}\left (-\frac {\left (b +n -1\right ) a -2 \beta }{2 \sqrt {a^{2}-4 \alpha }\, n}, \frac {\sqrt {b^{2}-2 b -4 \gamma +1}}{2 n}, \frac {\sqrt {a^{2}-4 \alpha }\, x^{n}}{n}\right ) c_1 +\operatorname {WhittakerW}\left (-\frac {\left (b +n -1\right ) a -2 \beta }{2 \sqrt {a^{2}-4 \alpha }\, n}, \frac {\sqrt {b^{2}-2 b -4 \gamma +1}}{2 n}, \frac {\sqrt {a^{2}-4 \alpha }\, x^{n}}{n}\right ) c_2 \right ) \]

Maple trace

Methods for second order ODEs: 
--- Trying classification methods --- 
trying a symmetry of the form [xi=0, eta=F(x)] 
checking if the LODE is missing y 
-> Trying an equivalence, under non-integer power transformations, 
   to LODEs admitting Liouvillian solutions. 
   -> Trying a Liouvillian solution using Kovacics algorithm 
   <- No Liouvillian solutions exists 
-> Trying a solution in terms of special functions: 
   -> Bessel 
   -> elliptic 
   -> Legendre 
   -> Whittaker 
      -> hyper3: Equivalence to 1F1 under a power @ Moebius 
      <- hyper3 successful: received ODE is equivalent to the 1F1 ODE 
   <- Whittaker successful 
<- special function solution successful
 

2.30.37.2 ✓ Mathematica. Time used: 0.237 (sec). Leaf size: 420

ode=x^2*D[y[x],{x,2}]+x*(a*x^n+b)*D[y[x],x]+(\[Alpha]*x^(2*n)+\[Beta]*x^n+\[Gamma])*y[x]==0; 
ic={}; 
DSolve[{ode,ic},y[x],x,IncludeSingularSolutions->True]
 

\begin{align*} y(x)&\to x^{\frac {1}{2}-\frac {n}{2}} 2^{\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {\sqrt {n^2 \left (b^2-2 b-4 \gamma +1\right )}}{n^2}+1\right )} e^{-\frac {\left (\sqrt {a^2-4 \alpha }+a\right ) x^n}{2 n}} \left (x^n\right )^{\frac {\sqrt {n^2 \left (b^2-2 b-4 \gamma +1\right )}-b n+n^2}{2 n^2}} \left (c_1 \operatorname {HypergeometricU}\left (\frac {\left (n^2+\sqrt {n^2 \left (b^2-2 b-4 \gamma +1\right )}\right ) a^2+n (b+n-1) \sqrt {a^2-4 \alpha } a-2 \left (2 \alpha n^2+\sqrt {a^2-4 \alpha } \beta n+2 \alpha \sqrt {n^2 \left (b^2-2 b-4 \gamma +1\right )}\right )}{2 n^2 \left (a^2-4 \alpha \right )},\frac {n^2+\sqrt {n^2 \left (b^2-2 b-4 \gamma +1\right )}}{n^2},\frac {x^n \sqrt {a^2-4 \alpha }}{n}\right )+c_2 L_{\frac {-\left (\left (n^2+\sqrt {n^2 \left (b^2-2 b-4 \gamma +1\right )}\right ) a^2\right )-n (b+n-1) \sqrt {a^2-4 \alpha } a+4 n^2 \alpha +2 n \sqrt {a^2-4 \alpha } \beta +4 \alpha \sqrt {n^2 \left (b^2-2 b-4 \gamma +1\right )}}{2 n^2 \left (a^2-4 \alpha \right )}}^{\frac {\sqrt {n^2 \left (b^2-2 b-4 \gamma +1\right )}}{n^2}}\left (\frac {x^n \sqrt {a^2-4 \alpha }}{n}\right )\right ) \end{align*}

2.30.37.3 ✗ Sympy

from sympy import * 
x = symbols("x") 
Alpha = symbols("Alpha") 
BETA = symbols("BETA") 
Gamma = symbols("Gamma") 
a = symbols("a") 
b = symbols("b") 
n = symbols("n") 
y = Function("y") 
ode = Eq(x**2*Derivative(y(x), (x, 2)) + x*(a*x**n + b)*Derivative(y(x), x) + (Alpha*x**(2*n) + BETA*x**n + Gamma)*y(x),0) 
ics = {} 
dsolve(ode,func=y(x),ics=ics)
 

ValueError : Expected Expr or iterable but got None