2.21.2 Problem 2

Internal problem ID [13491]
Book : Handbook of exact solutions for ordinary differential equations. By Polyanin and Zaitsev. Second edition
Section : Chapter 1, section 1.2. Riccati Equation. subsection 1.2.9. Some Transformations
Problem number : 2
Date solved : Friday, December 19, 2025 at 04:59:51 AM
CAS classification : [_Riccati]

\begin{align*} y^{\prime }&=y^{2}+\frac {f \left (\frac {1}{x}\right )}{x^{4}} \\ \end{align*}

Unknown ode type.

2.21.2.1 ✗ Maple

ode:=diff(y(x),x) = y(x)^2+1/x^4*f(1/x); 
dsolve(ode,y(x), singsol=all);
 

\[ \text {No solution found} \]

Maple trace

Methods for first order ODEs: 
--- Trying classification methods --- 
trying a quadrature 
trying 1st order linear 
trying Bernoulli 
trying separable 
trying inverse linear 
trying homogeneous types: 
trying Chini 
differential order: 1; looking for linear symmetries 
trying exact 
Looking for potential symmetries 
trying Riccati 
trying inverse_Riccati 
trying 1st order ODE linearizable_by_differentiation 
--- Trying Lie symmetry methods, 1st order --- 
   -> Computing symmetries using: way = 4 
   -> Computing symmetries using: way = 2 
   -> Computing symmetries using: way = 6 
trying symmetry patterns for 1st order ODEs 
-> trying a symmetry pattern of the form [F(x)*G(y), 0] 
-> trying a symmetry pattern of the form [0, F(x)*G(y)] 
-> trying symmetry patterns of the forms [F(x),G(y)] and [G(y),F(x)] 
   -> Computing symmetries using: way = HINT 
   -> Calling odsolve with the ODE, diff(y(x),x), y(x) 
      *** Sublevel 2 *** 
      Methods for first order ODEs: 
      --- Trying classification methods --- 
      trying a quadrature 
      trying 1st order linear 
      <- 1st order linear successful 
   -> Calling odsolve with the ODE, diff(y(x),x)-2*y(x)/x, y(x) 
      *** Sublevel 2 *** 
      Methods for first order ODEs: 
      --- Trying classification methods --- 
      trying a quadrature 
      trying 1st order linear 
      <- 1st order linear successful 
-> trying a symmetry pattern of the form [F(x),G(x)] 
-> trying a symmetry pattern of the form [F(y),G(y)] 
-> trying a symmetry pattern of the form [F(x)+G(y), 0] 
-> trying a symmetry pattern of the form [0, F(x)+G(y)] 
-> trying a symmetry pattern of the form [F(x),G(x)*y+H(x)] 
-> trying a symmetry pattern of conformal type
 

Maple step by step

\[ \begin {array}{lll} & {} & \textrm {Let's solve}\hspace {3pt} \\ {} & {} & \frac {d}{d x}y \left (x \right )=y \left (x \right )^{2}+\frac {f \left (\frac {1}{x}\right )}{x^{4}} \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Highest derivative means the order of the ODE is}\hspace {3pt} 1 \\ {} & {} & \frac {d}{d x}y \left (x \right ) \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Solve for the highest derivative}\hspace {3pt} \\ {} & {} & \frac {d}{d x}y \left (x \right )=y \left (x \right )^{2}+\frac {f \left (\frac {1}{x}\right )}{x^{4}} \end {array} \]

2.21.2.2 ✗ Mathematica

ode=D[y[x],x]==y[x]^2+1/x^4*f[1/x]; 
ic={}; 
DSolve[{ode,ic},y[x],x,IncludeSingularSolutions->True]
 

Not solved

2.21.2.3 ✗ Sympy

from sympy import * 
x = symbols("x") 
y = Function("y") 
f = Function("f") 
ode = Eq(-y(x)**2 + Derivative(y(x), x) - f(1/x)/x**4,0) 
ics = {} 
dsolve(ode,func=y(x),ics=ics)
 

NotImplementedError : The given ODE -y(x)**2 + Derivative(y(x), x) - f(1/x)/x**4 cannot be solved by
 

Python version: 3.12.3 (main, Aug 14 2025, 17:47:21) [GCC 13.3.0] 
Sympy version 1.14.0
 

classify_ode(ode,func=y(x)) 
 
('lie_group',)