2.19.11 Problem 11

Internal problem ID [13459]
Book : Handbook of exact solutions for ordinary differential equations. By Polyanin and Zaitsev. Second edition
Section : Chapter 1, section 1.2. Riccati Equation. subsection 1.2.8-1. Equations containing arbitrary functions (but not containing their derivatives).
Problem number : 11
Date solved : Wednesday, December 31, 2025 at 09:41:05 PM
CAS classification : [_Riccati]

2.19.11.1 Solved using first_order_ode_riccati_by_guessing_particular_solution

0.337 (sec)

Entering first order ode riccati guess solver

\begin{align*} y^{\prime }&=f \left (x \right ) y^{2}-a \,x^{n} g \left (x \right ) y+a n \,x^{n -1}+a^{2} x^{2 n} \left (g \left (x \right )-f \left (x \right )\right ) \\ \end{align*}

This is a Riccati ODE. Comparing the above ODE to solve with the Riccati standard form

\[ y' = f_0(x)+ f_1(x)y+f_2(x)y^{2} \]

Shows that

\begin{align*} f_0(x) & =a^{2} x^{2 n} g \left (x \right )+\frac {a n \,x^{n}}{x}-a^{2} x^{2 n} f \left (x \right )\\ f_1(x) & =-a \,x^{n} g \left (x \right )\\ f_2(x) &=f \left (x \right ) \end{align*}

Using trial and error, the following particular solution was found

\[ y_p = x^{n} a \]

Since a particular solution is known, then the general solution is given by

\begin{align*} y &= y_p + \frac { \phi (x) }{ c_1 - \int { \phi (x) f_2 \,dx} } \end{align*}

Where

\begin{align*} \phi (x) &= e^{ \int 2 f_2 y_p + f_1 \,dx } \end{align*}

Evaluating the above gives the general solution as

\[ y = x^{n} a +\frac {{\mathrm e}^{\int \left (2 a \,x^{n} f \left (x \right )-a \,x^{n} g \left (x \right )\right )d x}}{c_1 -\int {\mathrm e}^{\int \left (2 a \,x^{n} f \left (x \right )-a \,x^{n} g \left (x \right )\right )d x} f \left (x \right )d x} \]

Summary of solutions found

\begin{align*} y &= x^{n} a +\frac {{\mathrm e}^{\int \left (2 a \,x^{n} f \left (x \right )-a \,x^{n} g \left (x \right )\right )d x}}{c_1 -\int {\mathrm e}^{\int \left (2 a \,x^{n} f \left (x \right )-a \,x^{n} g \left (x \right )\right )d x} f \left (x \right )d x} \\ \end{align*}

2.19.11.2 ✗ Maple

ode:=diff(y(x),x) = f(x)*y(x)^2-a*x^n*g(x)*y(x)+a*n*x^(n-1)+a^2*x^(2*n)*(g(x)-f(x)); 
dsolve(ode,y(x), singsol=all);
 

\[ \text {No solution found} \]

Maple trace

Methods for first order ODEs: 
--- Trying classification methods --- 
trying a quadrature 
trying 1st order linear 
trying Bernoulli 
trying separable 
trying inverse linear 
trying homogeneous types: 
trying Chini 
differential order: 1; looking for linear symmetries 
trying exact 
Looking for potential symmetries 
trying Riccati 
trying Riccati sub-methods: 
   trying Riccati_symmetries 
   trying Riccati to 2nd Order 
   -> Calling odsolve with the ODE, diff(diff(y(x),x),x) = (-g(x)*a*x^n*f(x)+ 
diff(f(x),x))/f(x)*diff(y(x),x)+f(x)*a*(f(x)*x^(2*n)*a-g(x)*x^(2*n)*a-n*x^(n-1) 
)*y(x), y(x) 
      *** Sublevel 2 *** 
      Methods for second order ODEs: 
      --- Trying classification methods --- 
      trying a symmetry of the form [xi=0, eta=F(x)] 
      checking if the LODE is missing y 
      -> Heun: Equivalence to the GHE or one of its 4 confluent cases under a \ 
power @ Moebius 
      -> trying a solution of the form r0(x) * Y + r1(x) * Y where Y = exp(int\ 
(r(x), dx)) * 2F1([a1, a2], [b1], f) 
      -> Trying changes of variables to rationalize or make the ODE simpler 
      <- unable to find a useful change of variables 
         trying a symmetry of the form [xi=0, eta=F(x)] 
         trying 2nd order exact linear 
         trying symmetries linear in x and y(x) 
         trying to convert to a linear ODE with constant coefficients 
         trying 2nd order, integrating factor of the form mu(x,y) 
         trying a symmetry of the form [xi=0, eta=F(x)] 
         checking if the LODE is missing y 
         -> Heun: Equivalence to the GHE or one of its 4 confluent cases under \ 
a power @ Moebius 
         -> trying a solution of the form r0(x) * Y + r1(x) * Y where Y = exp(\ 
int(r(x), dx)) * 2F1([a1, a2], [b1], f) 
         -> Trying changes of variables to rationalize or make the ODE simpler 
         <- unable to find a useful change of variables 
            trying a symmetry of the form [xi=0, eta=F(x)] 
         trying to convert to an ODE of Bessel type 
   -> Trying a change of variables to reduce to Bernoulli 
   -> Calling odsolve with the ODE, diff(y(x),x)-(f(x)*y(x)^2+y(x)-g(x)*a*x^n*y 
(x)*x+x^2*(-a^2*x^(2*n)*f(x)+a^2*x^(2*n)*g(x)+a*n*x^(n-1)))/x, y(x), explicit 
      *** Sublevel 2 *** 
      Methods for first order ODEs: 
      --- Trying classification methods --- 
      trying a quadrature 
      trying 1st order linear 
      trying Bernoulli 
      trying separable 
      trying inverse linear 
      trying homogeneous types: 
      trying Chini 
      differential order: 1; looking for linear symmetries 
      trying exact 
      Looking for potential symmetries 
      trying Riccati 
      trying Riccati sub-methods: 
         trying Riccati_symmetries 
      trying inverse_Riccati 
      trying 1st order ODE linearizable_by_differentiation 
   -> trying a symmetry pattern of the form [F(x)*G(y), 0] 
   -> trying a symmetry pattern of the form [0, F(x)*G(y)] 
   -> trying a symmetry pattern of the form [F(x),G(x)*y+H(x)] 
trying inverse_Riccati 
trying 1st order ODE linearizable_by_differentiation 
--- Trying Lie symmetry methods, 1st order --- 
   -> Computing symmetries using: way = 4 
   -> Computing symmetries using: way = 2 
   -> Computing symmetries using: way = 6
 

Maple step by step

\[ \begin {array}{lll} & {} & \textrm {Let's solve}\hspace {3pt} \\ {} & {} & \frac {d}{d x}y \left (x \right )=f \left (x \right ) y \left (x \right )^{2}-a \,x^{13459} g \left (x \right ) y \left (x \right )+13459 a \,x^{13458}+a^{2} x^{26918} \left (g \left (x \right )-f \left (x \right )\right ) \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Highest derivative means the order of the ODE is}\hspace {3pt} 1 \\ {} & {} & \frac {d}{d x}y \left (x \right ) \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Solve for the highest derivative}\hspace {3pt} \\ {} & {} & \frac {d}{d x}y \left (x \right )=f \left (x \right ) y \left (x \right )^{2}-a \,x^{13459} g \left (x \right ) y \left (x \right )+13459 a \,x^{13458}+a^{2} x^{26918} \left (g \left (x \right )-f \left (x \right )\right ) \end {array} \]

2.19.11.3 ✗ Mathematica

ode=D[y[x],x]==f[x]*y[x]^2-a*x^n*g[x]*y[x]+a*n*x^(n-1)+a^2*x^(2*n)*(g[x]-f[x]); 
ic={}; 
DSolve[{ode,ic},y[x],x,IncludeSingularSolutions->True]
 

Not solved

2.19.11.4 ✗ Sympy

from sympy import * 
x = symbols("x") 
a = symbols("a") 
n = symbols("n") 
y = Function("y") 
f = Function("f") 
g = Function("g") 
ode = Eq(-a**2*x**(2*n)*(-f(x) + g(x)) - a*n*x**(n - 1) + a*x**n*g(x)*y(x) - f(x)*y(x)**2 + Derivative(y(x), x),0) 
ics = {} 
dsolve(ode,func=y(x),ics=ics)
 

Timed Out