2.11.11 Problem 37

Internal problem ID [13399]
Book : Handbook of exact solutions for ordinary differential equations. By Polyanin and Zaitsev. Second edition
Section : Chapter 1, section 1.2. Riccati Equation. subsection 1.2.6-3. Equations with tangent.
Problem number : 37
Date solved : Wednesday, December 31, 2025 at 02:26:06 PM
CAS classification : [_Riccati]

2.11.11.1 Solved using first_order_ode_riccati_by_guessing_particular_solution

16.348 (sec)

Entering first order ode riccati guess solver

\begin{align*} \left (a \tan \left (\lambda x \right )+b \right ) y^{\prime }&=y^{2}+k \tan \left (\mu x \right ) y-d^{2}+k d \tan \left (\mu x \right ) \\ \end{align*}

This is a Riccati ODE. Comparing the above ODE to solve with the Riccati standard form

\[ y' = f_0(x)+ f_1(x)y+f_2(x)y^{2} \]

Shows that

\begin{align*} f_0(x) & =\frac {k d \tan \left (\mu x \right )}{a \tan \left (\lambda x \right )+b}-\frac {d^{2}}{a \tan \left (\lambda x \right )+b}\\ f_1(x) & =\frac {k \tan \left (\mu x \right )}{a \tan \left (\lambda x \right )+b}\\ f_2(x) &=\frac {1}{a \tan \left (\lambda x \right )+b} \end{align*}

Using trial and error, the following particular solution was found

\[ y_p = -d \]

Since a particular solution is known, then the general solution is given by

\begin{align*} y &= y_p + \frac { \phi (x) }{ c_1 - \int { \phi (x) f_2 \,dx} } \end{align*}

Where

\begin{align*} \phi (x) &= e^{ \int 2 f_2 y_p + f_1 \,dx } \end{align*}

Evaluating the above gives the general solution as

\[ y = -d +\frac {{\mathrm e}^{\frac {\left (-2 i d +k \right ) x}{i b +a}-\frac {2 k x}{i b +a}-\frac {i k \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}+1\right )}{\left (i b +a \right ) \mu }+\int \frac {2 a \left (-2 i d \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}+k \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}-2 i d -k \right )}{\left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i \lambda x} a +i b \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \lambda x}-a +i b \right ) \left (a \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}+i b \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}+a +i b \right )}d x}}{c_1 -\int \frac {{\mathrm e}^{\frac {\left (-2 i d +k \right ) x}{i b +a}-\frac {2 k x}{i b +a}-\frac {i k \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}+1\right )}{\left (i b +a \right ) \mu }+\int \frac {2 a \left (-2 i d \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}+k \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}-2 i d -k \right )}{\left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i \lambda x} a +i b \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \lambda x}-a +i b \right ) \left (a \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}+i b \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}+a +i b \right )}d x}}{a \tan \left (\lambda x \right )+b}d x} \]

Summary of solutions found

\begin{align*} y &= -d +\frac {{\mathrm e}^{\frac {\left (-2 i d +k \right ) x}{i b +a}-\frac {2 k x}{i b +a}-\frac {i k \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}+1\right )}{\left (i b +a \right ) \mu }+\int \frac {2 a \left (-2 i d \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}+k \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}-2 i d -k \right )}{\left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i \lambda x} a +i b \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \lambda x}-a +i b \right ) \left (a \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}+i b \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}+a +i b \right )}d x}}{c_1 -\int \frac {{\mathrm e}^{\frac {\left (-2 i d +k \right ) x}{i b +a}-\frac {2 k x}{i b +a}-\frac {i k \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}+1\right )}{\left (i b +a \right ) \mu }+\int \frac {2 a \left (-2 i d \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}+k \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}-2 i d -k \right )}{\left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i \lambda x} a +i b \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \lambda x}-a +i b \right ) \left (a \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}+i b \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \mu x}+a +i b \right )}d x}}{a \tan \left (\lambda x \right )+b}d x} \\ \end{align*}

2.11.11.2 ✓ Maple. Time used: 0.010 (sec). Leaf size: 351

ode:=(a*tan(lambda*x)+b)*diff(y(x),x) = y(x)^2+k*tan(mu*x)*y(x)-d^2+k*d*tan(mu*x); 
dsolve(ode,y(x), singsol=all);
 

\[ y = \frac {-\left (\sec \left (\lambda x \right )^{2}\right )^{\frac {d a}{\lambda \left (a^{2}+b^{2}\right )}} \left (a \tan \left (\lambda x \right )+b \right )^{-\frac {2 d a}{\lambda \left (a^{2}+b^{2}\right )}} {\mathrm e}^{\frac {-2 d b \arctan \left (\tan \left (\lambda x \right )\right )+k \int \frac {\tan \left (\mu x \right )}{a \tan \left (\lambda x \right )+b}d x \lambda \left (a^{2}+b^{2}\right )}{\lambda \left (a^{2}+b^{2}\right )}}-d \left (\int \left (a \tan \left (\lambda x \right )+b \right )^{\frac {\left (-a^{2}-b^{2}\right ) \lambda -2 a d}{\lambda \left (a^{2}+b^{2}\right )}} \left (\sec \left (\lambda x \right )^{2}\right )^{\frac {d a}{\lambda \left (a^{2}+b^{2}\right )}} {\mathrm e}^{\frac {-2 d b \arctan \left (\tan \left (\lambda x \right )\right )+k \int \frac {\tan \left (\mu x \right )}{a \tan \left (\lambda x \right )+b}d x \lambda \left (a^{2}+b^{2}\right )}{\lambda \left (a^{2}+b^{2}\right )}}d x -c_1 \right )}{\int \left (a \tan \left (\lambda x \right )+b \right )^{\frac {\left (-a^{2}-b^{2}\right ) \lambda -2 a d}{\lambda \left (a^{2}+b^{2}\right )}} \left (\sec \left (\lambda x \right )^{2}\right )^{\frac {d a}{\lambda \left (a^{2}+b^{2}\right )}} {\mathrm e}^{\frac {-2 d b \arctan \left (\tan \left (\lambda x \right )\right )+k \int \frac {\tan \left (\mu x \right )}{a \tan \left (\lambda x \right )+b}d x \lambda \left (a^{2}+b^{2}\right )}{\lambda \left (a^{2}+b^{2}\right )}}d x -c_1} \]

Maple trace

Methods for first order ODEs: 
--- Trying classification methods --- 
trying a quadrature 
trying 1st order linear 
trying Bernoulli 
trying separable 
trying inverse linear 
trying homogeneous types: 
trying Chini 
differential order: 1; looking for linear symmetries 
trying exact 
Looking for potential symmetries 
trying Riccati 
trying Riccati sub-methods: 
   <- Riccati particular case Kamke (b) successful
 

Maple step by step

\[ \begin {array}{lll} & {} & \textrm {Let's solve}\hspace {3pt} \\ {} & {} & \left (a \tan \left (\lambda x \right )+b \right ) \left (\frac {d}{d x}y \left (x \right )\right )=y \left (x \right )^{2}+k \tan \left (\mu x \right ) y \left (x \right )-d^{2}+k d \tan \left (\mu x \right ) \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Highest derivative means the order of the ODE is}\hspace {3pt} 1 \\ {} & {} & \frac {d}{d x}y \left (x \right ) \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Solve for the highest derivative}\hspace {3pt} \\ {} & {} & \frac {d}{d x}y \left (x \right )=\frac {y \left (x \right )^{2}+k \tan \left (\mu x \right ) y \left (x \right )-d^{2}+k d \tan \left (\mu x \right )}{a \tan \left (\lambda x \right )+b} \end {array} \]

2.11.11.3 ✓ Mathematica. Time used: 20.04 (sec). Leaf size: 800

ode=(a*Tan[\[Lambda]*x]+b)*D[y[x],x]==y[x]^2+k*Tan[\[Mu]*x]*y[x]-d^2+k*d*Tan[\[Mu]*x]; 
ic={}; 
DSolve[{ode,ic},y[x],x,IncludeSingularSolutions->True]
 

\begin{align*} \text {Solution too large to show}\end{align*}

2.11.11.4 ✗ Sympy

from sympy import * 
x = symbols("x") 
a = symbols("a") 
b = symbols("b") 
d = symbols("d") 
k = symbols("k") 
lambda_ = symbols("lambda_") 
mu = symbols("mu") 
y = Function("y") 
ode = Eq(d**2 - d*k*tan(mu*x) - k*y(x)*tan(mu*x) + (a*tan(lambda_*x) + b)*Derivative(y(x), x) - y(x)**2,0) 
ics = {} 
dsolve(ode,func=y(x),ics=ics)
 

TypeError : Invalid NaN comparison