3.208 \(\int \frac{1+x-2 x^2+x^3}{4+5 x^2+x^4} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=23 \[ \frac{1}{2} \log \left (x^2+4\right )-\frac{3}{2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{x}{2}\right )+\tan ^{-1}(x) \]

[Out]

(-3*ArcTan[x/2])/2 + ArcTan[x] + Log[4 + x^2]/2

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Rubi [A]  time = 0.0309383, antiderivative size = 23, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 7, number of rules used = 6, integrand size = 24, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.25, Rules used = {1673, 1166, 203, 1247, 626, 31} \[ \frac{1}{2} \log \left (x^2+4\right )-\frac{3}{2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{x}{2}\right )+\tan ^{-1}(x) \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Int[(1 + x - 2*x^2 + x^3)/(4 + 5*x^2 + x^4),x]

[Out]

(-3*ArcTan[x/2])/2 + ArcTan[x] + Log[4 + x^2]/2

Rule 1673

Int[(Pq_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Module[{q = Expon[Pq, x], k}, Int[Sum[Coeff[
Pq, x, 2*k]*x^(2*k), {k, 0, q/2}]*(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)^p, x] + Int[x*Sum[Coeff[Pq, x, 2*k + 1]*x^(2*k), {k, 0,
(q - 1)/2}]*(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)^p, x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, p}, x] && PolyQ[Pq, x] &&  !PolyQ[Pq, x^2]

Rule 1166

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[b^2 - 4*a*c, 2]}, Di
st[e/2 + (2*c*d - b*e)/(2*q), Int[1/(b/2 - q/2 + c*x^2), x], x] + Dist[e/2 - (2*c*d - b*e)/(2*q), Int[1/(b/2 +
q/2 + c*x^2), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && NeQ[c*d^2 - a*e^2, 0] && PosQ[b^
2 - 4*a*c]

Rule 203

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1*ArcTan[(Rt[b, 2]*x)/Rt[a, 2]])/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[b, 2]), x] /;
FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (GtQ[a, 0] || GtQ[b, 0])

Rule 1247

Int[(x_)*((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)^(q_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4)^(p_.), x_Symbol] :> Dist[1/2, Subst[
Int[(d + e*x)^q*(a + b*x + c*x^2)^p, x], x, x^2], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, p, q}, x]

Rule 626

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_))^(m_.)*((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_.), x_Symbol] :> Int[(d + e*x)^(m + p)*(a
/d + (c*x)/e)^p, x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, m}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && EqQ[c*d^2 - b*d*e + a*e^2, 0] &&
IntegerQ[p]

Rule 31

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_))^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x, x]]/b, x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]

Rubi steps

\begin{align*} \int \frac{1+x-2 x^2+x^3}{4+5 x^2+x^4} \, dx &=\int \frac{1-2 x^2}{4+5 x^2+x^4} \, dx+\int \frac{x \left (1+x^2\right )}{4+5 x^2+x^4} \, dx\\ &=\frac{1}{2} \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1+x}{4+5 x+x^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )-3 \int \frac{1}{4+x^2} \, dx+\int \frac{1}{1+x^2} \, dx\\ &=-\frac{3}{2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{x}{2}\right )+\tan ^{-1}(x)+\frac{1}{2} \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{4+x} \, dx,x,x^2\right )\\ &=-\frac{3}{2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{x}{2}\right )+\tan ^{-1}(x)+\frac{1}{2} \log \left (4+x^2\right )\\ \end{align*}

Mathematica [A]  time = 0.0096138, size = 23, normalized size = 1. \[ \frac{1}{2} \log \left (x^2+4\right )-\frac{3}{2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{x}{2}\right )+\tan ^{-1}(x) \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Integrate[(1 + x - 2*x^2 + x^3)/(4 + 5*x^2 + x^4),x]

[Out]

(-3*ArcTan[x/2])/2 + ArcTan[x] + Log[4 + x^2]/2

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Maple [A]  time = 0.003, size = 18, normalized size = 0.8 \begin{align*} -{\frac{3}{2}\arctan \left ({\frac{x}{2}} \right ) }+\arctan \left ( x \right ) +{\frac{\ln \left ({x}^{2}+4 \right ) }{2}} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int((x^3-2*x^2+x+1)/(x^4+5*x^2+4),x)

[Out]

-3/2*arctan(1/2*x)+arctan(x)+1/2*ln(x^2+4)

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Maxima [A]  time = 1.41103, size = 23, normalized size = 1. \begin{align*} -\frac{3}{2} \, \arctan \left (\frac{1}{2} \, x\right ) + \arctan \left (x\right ) + \frac{1}{2} \, \log \left (x^{2} + 4\right ) \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((x^3-2*x^2+x+1)/(x^4+5*x^2+4),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

-3/2*arctan(1/2*x) + arctan(x) + 1/2*log(x^2 + 4)

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Fricas [A]  time = 1.79896, size = 69, normalized size = 3. \begin{align*} -\frac{3}{2} \, \arctan \left (\frac{1}{2} \, x\right ) + \arctan \left (x\right ) + \frac{1}{2} \, \log \left (x^{2} + 4\right ) \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((x^3-2*x^2+x+1)/(x^4+5*x^2+4),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

-3/2*arctan(1/2*x) + arctan(x) + 1/2*log(x^2 + 4)

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Sympy [A]  time = 0.155445, size = 19, normalized size = 0.83 \begin{align*} \frac{\log{\left (x^{2} + 4 \right )}}{2} - \frac{3 \operatorname{atan}{\left (\frac{x}{2} \right )}}{2} + \operatorname{atan}{\left (x \right )} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((x**3-2*x**2+x+1)/(x**4+5*x**2+4),x)

[Out]

log(x**2 + 4)/2 - 3*atan(x/2)/2 + atan(x)

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Giac [A]  time = 1.06224, size = 23, normalized size = 1. \begin{align*} -\frac{3}{2} \, \arctan \left (\frac{1}{2} \, x\right ) + \arctan \left (x\right ) + \frac{1}{2} \, \log \left (x^{2} + 4\right ) \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((x^3-2*x^2+x+1)/(x^4+5*x^2+4),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

-3/2*arctan(1/2*x) + arctan(x) + 1/2*log(x^2 + 4)