\[FormalA] Attributes[\[FormalA]] = {Protected} \[FormalB] Attributes[\[FormalB]] = {Protected} \[FormalC] Attributes[\[FormalC]] = {Protected} \[FormalD] Attributes[\[FormalD]] = {Protected} \[FormalE] Attributes[\[FormalE]] = {Protected} \[FormalF] Attributes[\[FormalF]] = {Protected} \[FormalG] Attributes[\[FormalG]] = {Protected} \[FormalH] Attributes[\[FormalH]] = {Protected} \[FormalI] Attributes[\[FormalI]] = {Protected} \[FormalJ] Attributes[\[FormalJ]] = {Protected} \[FormalK] Attributes[\[FormalK]] = {Protected} \[FormalL] Attributes[\[FormalL]] = {Protected} \[FormalM] Attributes[\[FormalM]] = {Protected} \[FormalN] Attributes[\[FormalN]] = {Protected} \[FormalO] Attributes[\[FormalO]] = {Protected} \[FormalP] Attributes[\[FormalP]] = {Protected} \[FormalQ] Attributes[\[FormalQ]] = {Protected} \[FormalR] Attributes[\[FormalR]] = {Protected} \[FormalS] Attributes[\[FormalS]] = {Protected} \[FormalT] Attributes[\[FormalT]] = {Protected} \[FormalU] Attributes[\[FormalU]] = {Protected} \[FormalV] Attributes[\[FormalV]] = {Protected} \[FormalW] Attributes[\[FormalW]] = {Protected} \[FormalX] Attributes[\[FormalX]] = {Protected} \[FormalY] Attributes[\[FormalY]] = {Protected} \[FormalZ] Attributes[\[FormalZ]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalA] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalA]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalB] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalB]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalC] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalC]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalD] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalD]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalE] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalE]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalF] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalF]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalG] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalG]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalH] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalH]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalI] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalI]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalJ] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalJ]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalK] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalK]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalL] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalL]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalM] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalM]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalN] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalN]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalO] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalO]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalP] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalP]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalQ] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalQ]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalR] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalR]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalS] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalS]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalT] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalT]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalU] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalU]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalV] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalV]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalW] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalW]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalX] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalX]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalY] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalY]] = {Protected} \[FormalCapitalZ] Attributes[\[FormalCapitalZ]] = {Protected} Abort[] generates an interrupt to abort a computation. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Abort] AbortKernels[] aborts evaluations running in all parallel subkernels.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AbortKernels] AbortProtect[expr] evaluates expr, saving any aborts until the evaluation is complete. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AbortProtect] Above is used to specify alignment in print forms such as ColumnForm and TableForm. Abs[z] gives the absolute value of the real or complex number z. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Abs] AbsoluteCurrentValue[item] gives the absolute current value of item at a location in the Mathematica system and interface. AbsoluteCurrentValue[{item,spec}] gives the absolute current value for the feature of item specified by spec. AbsoluteCurrentValue[obj,item] gives the absolute current value of item associated with the object obj. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AbsoluteCurrentValue] AbsoluteDashing[{Subscript[d, 1],Subscript[d, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] is a graphics directive which specifies that lines which follow are to be drawn dashed, with successive segments having absolute lengths Subscript[d, 1], Subscript[d, 2], \[Ellipsis] (repeated cyclically). AbsoluteDashing[d] is equivalent to AbsoluteDashing[{d,d}]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AbsoluteDashing] AbsoluteFileName["name"] gives the full absolute version of the name for a file in your filesystem.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AbsoluteFileName] AbsoluteOptions[expr] gives the absolute settings of options specified in an expression such as a graphics object. AbsoluteOptions[expr,name] gives the absolute setting for the option name. AbsoluteOptions[expr,{Subscript[name, 1],Subscript[name, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives a list of the absolute settings for the options Subscript[name, i]. AbsoluteOptions[object] gives the absolute settings for options associated with an external object such as a NotebookObject. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AbsoluteOptions] AbsolutePointSize[d] is a graphics directive which specifies that points which follow are to be shown if possible as circular regions with absolute diameter d. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AbsolutePointSize] AbsoluteThickness[d] is a graphics directive which specifies that lines which follow are to be drawn with absolute thickness d. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AbsoluteThickness] AbsoluteTime[] gives the total number of seconds since the beginning of January 1, 1900, in your time zone. AbsoluteTime[{y,m,d,h,m,s}] gives the absolute time specification corresponding to a date list. AbsoluteTime["string"] gives the absolute time specification corresponding to a date string. AbsoluteTime[{"string",{"Subscript[e, 1]","Subscript[e, 2]",\[Ellipsis]}}] takes the date string to contain the elements "Subscript[e, i]".*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AbsoluteTime] AbsoluteTiming[expr] evaluates expr, returning a list of the absolute number of seconds in real time that have elapsed, together with the result obtained. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AbsoluteTiming] AccountingForm[expr] prints with all numbers in expr given in standard accounting notation. AccountingForm[expr,n] prints with numbers given to n-digit precision. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AccountingForm] Accumulate[list] gives a list of the successive accumulated totals of elements in list. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Accumulate] Accuracy[x] gives the effective number of digits to the right of the decimal point in the number x. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Accuracy] AccuracyGoal is an option for various numerical operations which specifies how many effective digits of accuracy should be sought in the final result. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AccuracyGoal] ActionDelay Attributes[ActionDelay] = {Protected} ActionMenu[name,{Subscript[lbl, 1]:>Subscript[act, 1],Subscript[lbl, 2]:>Subscript[act, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] represents an action menu with label name, and with items labeled Subscript[lbl, i], that evaluates the expression Subscript[act, i] if the corresponding item is chosen.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ActionMenu] ActionMenuBox Attributes[ActionMenuBox] = {Protected, ReadProtected} ActionMenuBoxOptions Attributes[ActionMenuBoxOptions] = {Protected} Active is an option for ButtonBox, Cell and Notebook which specifies whether a button should be active. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Active] ActiveItem Attributes[ActiveItem] = {Protected} ActiveStyle is an option for Hyperlink and related constructs that specifies styles to add when the constructs are active, typically as a result of the mouse being over them. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ActiveStyle] AddOnHelpPath is a global option that specifies which directories are searched for additional help files used within the help system.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AddOnHelpPath] x+=dx adds dx to x and returns the new value of x. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AddTo] AdjustmentBox[box,opts] is a low-level box construct which displays with the placement of box adjusted using the options given. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AdjustmentBox] AdjustmentBoxOptions Attributes[AdjustmentBoxOptions] = {Protected} AffineTransform[m] gives a TransformationFunction that represents an affine transform that maps r to m.r. AffineTransform[{m,v}] gives an affine transform that maps r to m.r+v.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AffineTransform] After Attributes[After] = {Protected} AiryAi[z] gives the Airy function Ai(z). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AiryAi] AiryAiPrime[z] gives the derivative of the Airy function Ai^\[Prime](z). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AiryAiPrime] AiryAiZero[k] represents the k\[Null]^th zero of the Airy function Ai(x). AiryAiZero[k,Subscript[x, 0]] represents the k\[Null]^th zero less than Subscript[x, 0].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AiryAiZero] AiryBi[z] gives the Airy function Bi(z). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AiryBi] AiryBiPrime[z] gives the derivative of the Airy function Bi^\[Prime](z). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AiryBiPrime] AiryBiZero[k] represents the k\[Null]^th zero of the Airy function Bi(x). AiryBiZero[k,Subscript[x, 0]] represents the k\[Null]^th zero less than Subscript[x, 0].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AiryBiZero] AlgebraicIntegerQ[a] yields True if a is an algebraic integer, and yields False otherwise.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AlgebraicIntegerQ] AlgebraicNumber[\[Theta],{Subscript[c, 0],Subscript[c, 1],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[c, n]}] represents the algebraic number in the field \[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][\[Theta]] given by Subscript[c, 0]+Subscript[c, 1]\[Theta] +\[Ellipsis]+Subscript[c, n] \[Theta]^n.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AlgebraicNumber] AlgebraicNumberDenominator[a] gives the smallest positive integer n such that n a is an algebraic integer.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AlgebraicNumberDenominator] AlgebraicNumberNorm[a] gives the norm of the algebraic number a.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AlgebraicNumberNorm] AlgebraicNumberPolynomial[a,x] gives the polynomial in x corresponding to the AlgebraicNumber object a.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AlgebraicNumberPolynomial] AlgebraicNumberTrace[a] gives the trace of the algebraic number a.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AlgebraicNumberTrace] AlgebraicRules Attributes[AlgebraicRules] = {Protected} Options[AlgebraicRules] = {InverseFunctions -> Automatic, MakeRules -> True, Method -> 1, Mode -> Rational, Sort -> False, VerifySolutions -> False, WorkingPrecision -> Infinity} AlgebraicRulesData is an object returned by AlgebraicRules. Its OutputForm appears to be a list of rules, but the rules will be used algebraically rather than syntactically by Replace and related functions. Algebraics represents the domain of algebraic numbers, as in x\[Element]Algebraics. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Algebraics] AlgebraicUnitQ[a] yields True if a is an algebraic unit, and yields False otherwise.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AlgebraicUnitQ] Alias Attributes[Alias] = {Protected} Alignment is an option which specifies how the contents of a displayed object should be aligned within the available area in the object.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Alignment] AlignmentMarker Attributes[AlignmentMarker] = {Protected} AlignmentPoint is an option which specifies how objects should by default be aligned when they appear in Inset.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AlignmentPoint] All is a setting used for certain options. In Part and related functions, All specifies all parts at a particular level. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/All] AllowInlineCells is an option for cells that specifies whether inline cells are permitted within a cell.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AllowInlineCells] AllowScriptLevelChange is an option for fractions and grids that controls whether certain operators, such as \[Sum], \[Product], and \[Integral], always appear smaller than normal size.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AllowScriptLevelChange] Subscript[p, 1]|Subscript[p, 2]|\[Ellipsis] is a pattern object which represents any of the patterns Subscript[p, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Alternatives] AmbientLight is an option for Graphics3D and related functions that gives the level of simulated ambient illumination in a three-dimensional picture. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AmbientLight] Analytic is an option for Limit and Series. With Analytic -> True, unrecognized functions are treated as analytic, and processed using Taylor series expansions; with Analytic -> False, Taylor series are not used unless the function is recognized as analytic. AnchoredSearch is an option for Find and FindList which specifies whether the text searched for must be at the beginning of a record. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AnchoredSearch] Subscript[e, 1]&&Subscript[e, 2]&&\[Ellipsis] is the logical AND function. It evaluates its arguments in order, giving False immediately if any of them are False, and True if they are all True. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/And] AngerJ[\[Nu],z] gives the Anger function Subscript[J, v](z). AngerJ[\[Nu],\[Mu],z] gives the associated Anger function \!\(SubsuperscriptBox[\(J\), \(\[Nu]\), \(\[Mu]\)](\* StyleBox["z", "TI"])\).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AngerJ] AngleBracket[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as \[LeftAngleBracket]x,y,\[Ellipsis]\[RightAngleBracket].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AngleBracket] Animate[expr,{u,Subscript[u, min],Subscript[u, max]}] generates an animation of expr in which u varies continuously from Subscript[u, min] to Subscript[u, max]. Animate[expr,{u,Subscript[u, min],Subscript[u, max],du}] takes u to vary in steps du. Animate[expr,{u,{Subscript[u, 1],Subscript[u, 2],\[Ellipsis]}}] makes u take on discrete values Subscript[u, 1], Subscript[u, 2], \[Ellipsis]. Animate[expr,{u,\[Ellipsis]},{v,\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]] varies all the variables u, v, \[Ellipsis]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Animate] AnimationCycleOffset is an option for cells that specifies the relative position of the next graphic to be used in an animation sequence.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AnimationCycleOffset] AnimationCycleRepetitions is an option for cells that specifies the number of times a given animation cycle should be repeated.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AnimationCycleRepetitions] AnimationDirection is an option which specifies the direction to run an animation. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AnimationDirection] AnimationDisplayTime is an option for Cell which specifies the minimum time in seconds for which a cell should be displayed in the course of an animation that runs through a sequence of selected cells. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AnimationDisplayTime] AnimationRate is an option for Animate and Animator that specifies at what rate an animation should run, in units per second. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AnimationRate] AnimationRepetitions is an option to Animate and related functions that specifies how many times the animation they create runs before stopping.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AnimationRepetitions] AnimationRunning is an option to Animate and related functions that specifies whether the animation they create is running.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AnimationRunning] Animator[u] represents an object which displays with the value of u being continually increased from 0 to 1 with time. Animator[u,{Subscript[u, min],Subscript[u, max]}] makes u vary from Subscript[u, min] to Subscript[u, max]. Animator[u,{Subscript[u, min],Subscript[u, max],du}] makes u vary in steps du. Animator[u,{Subscript[u, min],Subscript[u, max]},ups] makes the value of u increase at a rate of ups units per second. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Animator] AnimatorBox Attributes[AnimatorBox] = {Protected, ReadProtected} AnimatorBoxOptions Attributes[AnimatorBoxOptions] = {Protected} AnimatorElements Attributes[AnimatorElements] = {Protected} Annotation[expr,data] represents an expression expr, with annotation data. Annotation[expr,data,"type"] specifies the type of annotation being given.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Annotation] Antialiasing is a Style option which specifies whether antialiasing should be done in rendering graphics. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Antialiasing] Apart[expr] rewrites a rational expression as a sum of terms with minimal denominators. Apart[expr,var] treats all variables other than var as constants. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Apart] ApartSquareFree[expr] rewrites a rational expression as a sum of terms whose denominators are powers of square-free polynomials. ApartSquareFree[expr,var] treats all variables other than var as constants. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ApartSquareFree] Appearance is an option for displayed objects such as Button and Slider which specifies the general type of appearance they should have. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Appearance] AppearanceElements is an option for functions like Manipulate that specifies what elements should be included in the displayed form of the object generated.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AppearanceElements] AppellF1[a,Subscript[b, 1],Subscript[b, 2],c,x,y] is the Appell hypergeometric function of two variables Subscript[F, 1](a;Subscript[b, 1],Subscript[b, 2];c;x,y). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AppellF1] Append[expr,elem] gives expr with elem appended. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Append] AppendTo[s,elem] appends elem to the value of s, and resets s to the result. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AppendTo] Apply[f,expr] or f@@expr replaces the head of expr by f. Apply[f,expr,levelspec] replaces heads in parts of expr specified by levelspec. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Apply] ArcCos[z] gives the arc cosine cos^-1(z) of the complex number z. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArcCos] ArcCosh[z] gives the inverse hyperbolic cosine cosh^-1(z) of the complex number z. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArcCosh] ArcCot[z] gives the arc cotangent cot^-1(z) of the complex number z. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArcCot] ArcCoth[z] gives the inverse hyperbolic cotangent coth^-1(z) of the complex number z. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArcCoth] ArcCsc[z] gives the arc cosecant csc^-1(z) of the complex number z. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArcCsc] ArcCsch[z] gives the inverse hyperbolic cosecant csch^-1(z) of the complex number z. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArcCsch] ArcSec[z] gives the arc secant sec^-1(z) of the complex number z. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArcSec] ArcSech[z] gives the inverse hyperbolic secant sech^-1(z) of the complex number z. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArcSech] ArcSin[z] gives the arc sine sin^-1(z) of the complex number z. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArcSin] ArcSinh[z] gives the inverse hyperbolic sine sinh^-1(z) of the complex number z. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArcSinh] ArcTan[z] gives the arc tangent tan^-1(z) of the complex number z. ArcTan[x,y] gives the arc tangent of y/x, taking into account which quadrant the point (x,y) is in. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArcTan] ArcTanh[z] gives the hyperbolic arc tangent tanh^-1(z) of the complex number z. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArcTanh] Arg[z] gives the argument of the complex number z. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Arg] ArgMax[f,x] gives a position Subscript[x, max] at which f is maximized. ArgMax[f,{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] gives a position {Subscript[x, max],Subscript[y, max],\[Ellipsis]} at which f is maximized. ArgMax[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] gives a position at which f is maximized subject to the constraints cons. ArgMax[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]},dom] gives a position at which f is maximized over the domain dom, typically Reals or Integers.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArgMax] ArgMin[f,x] gives a position Subscript[x, min] at which f is minimized. ArgMin[f,{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] gives a position {Subscript[x, min],Subscript[y, min],\[Ellipsis]} at which f is minimized. ArgMin[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] gives a position at which f is minimized subject to the constraints cons. ArgMin[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]},dom] gives a position at which f is minimized over the domain dom, typically Reals or Integers.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArgMin] ArgumentCountQ[head, len, min, max] tests whether the number len of arguments of a function head is between min and max. ArithmeticGeometricMean[a,b] gives the arithmetic-geometric mean of a and b. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArithmeticGeometricMean] Array[f,n] generates a list of length n, with elements f[i]. Array[f,{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] generates an Subscript[n, 1]\[Cross]Subscript[n, 2]\[Cross]\[Ellipsis] array of nested lists, with elements f[Subscript[i, 1],Subscript[i, 2],\[Ellipsis]]. Array[f,{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[r, 1],Subscript[r, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] generates a list using the index origins Subscript[r, i] (default 1). Array[f,dims,origin,h] uses head h, rather than List, for each level of the array. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Array] ArrayDepth[expr] gives the depth to which expr is a full array, with all the parts at a particular level being lists of the same length, or is a SparseArray object. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArrayDepth] ArrayFlatten[{{Subscript[m, 11],Subscript[m, 12],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[m, 21],Subscript[m, 22],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] creates a single flattened matrix from a matrix of matrices Subscript[m, ij]. ArrayFlatten[a,r] flattens out r pairs of levels in the array a.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArrayFlatten] ArrayPad[array,m] gives an array with m 0s of padding on every side. ArrayPad[array,m,padding] uses the specified padding. ArrayPad[array,{m,n},\[Ellipsis]] pads with m elements at the beginning and n elements at the end. ArrayPad[array,{{Subscript[m, 1],Subscript[n, 1]},{Subscript[m, 2],Subscript[n, 2]},\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]] pads with Subscript[m, i], Subscript[n, i] elements at level i in array. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArrayPad] ArrayPlot[array] generates a plot in which the values in an array are shown in a discrete array of squares. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArrayPlot] ArrayQ[expr] gives True if expr is a full array or a SparseArray object, and gives False otherwise. ArrayQ[expr,patt] requires expr to be a full array with a depth that matches the pattern patt. ArrayQ[expr,patt,test] requires also that test yield True when applied to each of the array elements in expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArrayQ] ArrayRules[SparseArray[\[Ellipsis]]] gives the rules {Subscript[pos, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[pos, 2]->Subscript[val, 2],\[Ellipsis]} specifying elements in a sparse array. ArrayRules[list] gives rules for SparseArray[list]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ArrayRules] Arrow[{Subscript[pt, 1],Subscript[pt, 2]}] is a graphics primitive which represents an arrow from Subscript[pt, 1] to Subscript[pt, 2]. Arrow[{Subscript[pt, 1],Subscript[pt, 2]},s] represents an arrow with its ends set back from Subscript[pt, 1] and Subscript[pt, 2] by a distance s. Arrow[{Subscript[pt, 1],Subscript[pt, 2]},{Subscript[s, 1],Subscript[s, 2]}] sets back by Subscript[s, 1] from Subscript[pt, 1] and Subscript[s, 2] from Subscript[pt, 2]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Arrow] Arrow3DBox Attributes[Arrow3DBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} ArrowBox Attributes[ArrowBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} Arrowheads[spec] is a graphics directive which specifies that arrows which follow should have arrowheads with sizes, positions and forms specified by spec. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Arrowheads] AspectRatio is an option for Graphics and related functions which specifies the ratio of height to width for a plot. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AspectRatio] AspectRatioFixed is an option for Cell which specifies whether graphics in the cell should be constrained to stay the same shape when they are interactively resized using the front end. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AspectRatioFixed] Assuming[assum,expr] evaluates expr with assum appended to $Assumptions, so that assum is included in the default assumptions used by functions such as Refine, Simplify and Integrate. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Assuming] Assumptions is an option for functions such as Simplify, Refine and Integrate which specifies default assumptions to be made about symbolic quantities. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Assumptions] AstronomicalData["name", "property"] gives the value of the specified property of the astronomical object with the specified name. AstronomicalData["name",{"property",date}] gives the value of a property at a particular date and time.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AstronomicalData] AtomQ[expr] yields True if expr is an expression which cannot be divided into subexpressions, and yields False otherwise. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AtomQ] Attributes[symbol] gives the list of attributes for a symbol. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Attributes] AutoAction is an option for objects such as Slider, Locator and Button that specifies whether they should automatically take action whenever the mouse pointer is over them, even if they are not clicked. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AutoAction] AutoDelete is an option for boxes that specifies whether a box is automatically deleted when its contents are edited.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AutoDelete] AutoEvaluateEvents Attributes[AutoEvaluateEvents] = {Protected} AutoGeneratedPackage is an option for notebooks that specifies whether a package is automatically created when a notebook that contains initialization cells or groups is saved.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AutoGeneratedPackage] AutoIndent is an option for Style and Cell which specifies what automatic indentation should be done at the beginning of a new line after an explicit return character has been entered. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AutoIndent] AutoIndentSpacings Attributes[AutoIndentSpacings] = {Protected} AutoItalicWords is an option for Cell which gives a list of words which should automatically be put in italics when they are entered. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AutoItalicWords] AutoloadPath is a global option that specifies from which directories packages are automatically loaded when Mathematica is started.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AutoloadPath] AutoMatch Automatic represents an option or other value that is to be chosen automatically by a built-in function. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Automatic] AutoMultiplicationSymbol is an option for objects such as Cell and Notebook which specifies whether to automatically display a multiplication symbol between numbers which would be multiplied if evaluated.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AutoMultiplicationSymbol] AutoNumberFormatting Attributes[AutoNumberFormatting] = {Protected} AutoOpenNotebooks is a global option that specifies which notebooks should be automatically opened when Mathematica is started.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AutoOpenNotebooks] AutoOpenPalettes is a global option that specifies the palettes that are automatically opened when Mathematica is started.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AutoOpenPalettes] AutorunSequencing is an option for Manipulate that specifies how autorun should use the controls provided.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AutorunSequencing] AutoScaling Attributes[AutoScaling] = {Protected} AutoScroll is an option to SelectionMove and related functions that specifies whether a notebook should automatically be scrolled to display the current selection.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AutoScroll] AutoSpacing is an option for Style and Cell which specifies whether spaces between successive characters should be adjusted automatically. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AutoSpacing] AutoStyleOptions Attributes[AutoStyleOptions] = {Protected} AutoStyleWords Attributes[AutoStyleWords] = {Protected} Axes is an option for graphics functions that specifies whether axes should be drawn. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Axes] AxesEdge is an option for three-dimensional graphics functions that specifies on which edges of the bounding box axes should be drawn. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AxesEdge] AxesLabel is an option for graphics functions that specifies labels for axes. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AxesLabel] AxesOrigin is an option for graphics functions which specifies where any axes drawn should cross. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AxesOrigin] AxesStyle is an option for graphics functions which specifies how axes should be rendered. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/AxesStyle] Axis is a symbol that represents the axis for purposes of alignment and positioning. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Axis] Back is a symbol that represents the back of a graphic for purposes of placement and alignment.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Back] Background is an option which specifies what background color to use. \ *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Background] BackgroundTasksSettings Attributes[BackgroundTasksSettings] = {Protected} Backslash[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[Backslash]y\[Backslash]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Backslash] Backsubstitution Attributes[Backsubstitution] = {Protected} Backward is a symbol that represents the backward direction for purposes of motion and animation.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Backward] Band[{i,j}] represents the sequence of positions on the diagonal band that starts with {i,j} in a sparse array. Band[{Subscript[i, min],Subscript[j, min],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[i, max],Subscript[j, max],\[Ellipsis]}] represents the positions between {Subscript[i, min],Subscript[j, min],\[Ellipsis]} and {Subscript[i, max],Subscript[j, max],\[Ellipsis]}. Band[{Subscript[i, min],Subscript[j, min],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[i, max],Subscript[j, max],\[Ellipsis]},{di,dj,\[Ellipsis]}] represents positions starting with {Subscript[i, min],Subscript[j, min],\[Ellipsis]} and then moving with step {di,dj,\[Ellipsis]}.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Band] BarChart[{Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] makes a bar chart with bar lengths Subscript[y, 1], Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]. BarChart[{\[Ellipsis],Subscript[w, i][Subscript[y, i],\[Ellipsis]],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[w, j][Subscript[y, j],\[Ellipsis]],\[Ellipsis]}] makes a bar chart with bar features defined by the symbolic wrappers Subscript[w, k]. BarChart[{Subscript[data, 1],Subscript[data, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] makes a bar chart from multiple datasets Subscript[data, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BarChart] BarChart3D[{Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] makes a 3D bar chart with bar lengths Subscript[y, 1], Subscript[y, 2], \[Ellipsis]. BarChart3D[{\[Ellipsis],Subscript[w, i][Subscript[y, i],\[Ellipsis]],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[w, j][Subscript[y, j],\[Ellipsis]],\[Ellipsis]}] makes a 3D bar chart with bar features defined by the symbolic wrappers Subscript[w, k]. BarChart3D[{Subscript[data, 1],Subscript[data, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] makes a 3D bar chart from multiple datasets Subscript[data, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BarChart3D] BarnesG[z] gives the Barnes G-function G(z).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BarnesG] BarOrigin is an option to BarChart and related functions that specifies the origin placement for bars. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BarOrigin] BarSpacing is an option to BarChart and related functions that controls the spacing between bars and groups of bars.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BarSpacing] BaseForm[expr,n] prints with the numbers in expr given in base n. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BaseForm] Baseline is a symbol that represents the baseline for purposes of alignment and positioning. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Baseline] BaselinePosition is an option which specifies where the baseline of an object is considered to be for purposes of alignment with surrounding text or other expressions. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BaselinePosition] BaseStyle is an option for formatting and related constructs that specifies the base style to use for them. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BaseStyle] Because[x,y] displays as x\[Because]y.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Because] Beep[] generates an audible beep when evaluated. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Beep] Before Attributes[Before] = {Protected} Begin["context`"] resets the current context. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Begin] BeginDialogPacket[integer] is a MathLink packet that indicates the start of the Dialog subsession referenced by integer.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BeginDialogPacket] BeginFrontEndInteractionPacket Attributes[BeginFrontEndInteractionPacket] = {Protected} BeginPackage["context`"] makes context` and System` the only active contexts. BeginPackage["context`",{"Subscript[need, 1]`","Subscript[need, 2]`",\[Ellipsis]}] calls Needs on the Subscript[need, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BeginPackage] BellB[n] gives the Bell number Subscript[B, n]. BellB[n,x] gives the Bell polynomial Subscript[B, n](x). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BellB] Below is used to specify alignment in print forms such as ColumnForm and TableForm. BernoulliB[n] gives the Bernoulli number Subscript[B, n]. BernoulliB[n,x] gives the Bernoulli polynomial Subscript[B, n](x). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BernoulliB] BernoulliDistribution[p] represents a Bernoulli distribution with probability parameter p.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BernoulliDistribution] BernsteinBasis[d,n,x] represents the n\[Null]^th Bernstein basis function of degree d at x.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BernsteinBasis] BesselI[n,z] gives the modified Bessel function of the first kind Subscript[I, n](z). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BesselI] BesselJ[n,z] gives the Bessel function of the first kind Subscript[J, n](z). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BesselJ] BesselJZero[n,k] represents the k\[Null]^th zero of the Bessel function Subscript[J, n](x). BesselJZero[n,k,Subscript[x, 0]] represents the k\[Null]^th zero greater than Subscript[x, 0].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BesselJZero] BesselK[n,z] gives the modified Bessel function of the second kind Subscript[K, n](z). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BesselK] BesselY[n,z] gives the Bessel function of the second kind Subscript[Y, n](z). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BesselY] BesselYZero[n,k] represents the k\[Null]^th zero of the Bessel function of the second kind Subscript[Y, n](x). BesselYZero[n,k,Subscript[x, 0]] represents the k\[Null]^th zero greater than Subscript[x, 0].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BesselYZero] Beta[a,b] gives the Euler beta function \[CapitalBeta](a,b). Beta[z,a,b] gives the incomplete beta function Subscript[\[CapitalBeta], z](a,b). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Beta] BetaBinomialDistribution[\[Alpha],\[Beta],n] represents a beta binomial mixture distribution with beta distribution parameters \[Alpha] and \[Beta], and n binomial trials.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BetaBinomialDistribution] BetaDistribution[\[Alpha],\[Beta]] represents a continuous beta distribution with shape parameters \[Alpha] and \[Beta].\ *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BetaDistribution] BetaNegativeBinomialDistribution[\[Alpha],\[Beta],n] represents a beta negative binomial mixture distribution with beta distribution parameters \[Alpha] and \[Beta], and n successful trials.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BetaNegativeBinomialDistribution] BetaRegularized[z,a,b] gives the regularized incomplete beta function Subscript[I, z](a,b). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BetaRegularized] BezierCurve[{Subscript[pt, 1],Subscript[pt, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] is a graphics primitive which represents a Bézier curve with control points Subscript[pt, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BezierCurve] BezierCurve3DBox Attributes[BezierCurve3DBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} BezierCurve3DBoxOptions Attributes[BezierCurve3DBoxOptions] = {Protected} BezierCurveBox Attributes[BezierCurveBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} BezierCurveBoxOptions Attributes[BezierCurveBoxOptions] = {Protected} BezierFunction[{Subscript[pt, 1],Subscript[pt, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] represents a Bézier function for a curve defined by the control points Subscript[pt, i]. BezierFunction[array] represents a Bézier function for a surface or high-dimensional manifold. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BezierFunction] Binarize[image] creates a binary image from image by replacing all values above a globally determined threshold with 1 and others with 0. Binarize[image,t] creates a binary image by replacing all values above t with 1 and others with 0. Binarize[image,{Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[t, 2]}] creates a binary image by replacing all values in the range Subscript[t, 1] through Subscript[t, 2] with 1 and others with 0. Binarize[image,f] creates a binary image by replacing all channel value lists for which f[v] yields True with 1, and others with 0.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Binarize] BinaryFormat is an option for OpenRead and related functions which specifies that a stream should be opened in binary format, so that no textual interpretation of newlines or other data is done.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BinaryFormat] BinaryImageQ[image] yields True if image has the form of a binary image, and False otherwise.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BinaryImageQ] BinaryRead[stream] reads one byte of raw binary data from an input stream, and returns an integer from 0 to 255. BinaryRead[stream,type] reads an object of the specified type. BinaryRead[stream,{Subscript[type, 1],Subscript[type, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] reads a sequence of objects of the specified types. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BinaryRead] BinaryReadList["file"] reads all remaining bytes from a file, and returns them as a list of integers from 0 to 255. BinaryReadList["file",type] reads objects of the specified type from a file, until the end of the file is reached. The list of objects read is returned. BinaryReadList["file",{Subscript[type, 1],Subscript[type, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] reads objects with a sequence of types, until the end of the file is reached. BinaryReadList["file",types,n] reads only the first n objects of the specified types. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BinaryReadList] BinaryWrite[channel,b] writes a byte of data, specified as an integer from 0 to 255. BinaryWrite[channel,{Subscript[b, 1],Subscript[b, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] writes a sequence of bytes. BinaryWrite[channel,"string"] writes the raw sequence of characters in a string. BinaryWrite[channel,x,type] writes an object of the specified type. BinaryWrite[channel,{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},type] writes a sequence of objects of the specified type. BinaryWrite[channel,{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[type, 1],Subscript[type, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] writes a sequence of objects with a sequence of types. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BinaryWrite] BinCounts[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] counts the number of elements Subscript[x, i] whose values lie in successive integer bins. BinCounts[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},dx] counts the number of elements Subscript[x, i] whose values lie in successive bins of width dx. BinCounts[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max],dx}] counts the number of Subscript[x, i] in successive bins of width dx from Subscript[x, min] to Subscript[x, max]. BinCounts[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{{Subscript[b, 1],Subscript[b, 2],\[Ellipsis]}}] counts the number of Subscript[x, i] in the intervals [Subscript[b, 1],Subscript[b, 2]), [Subscript[b, 2],Subscript[b, 3]), \[Ellipsis]. BinCounts[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]},xbins,ybins,\[Ellipsis]] gives an array of counts where the first index corresponds to x bins, the second to y, and so on. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BinCounts] BinLists[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives lists of the elements Subscript[x, i] whose values lie in successive integer bins. BinLists[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},dx] gives lists of the elements Subscript[x, i] whose values lie in successive bins of width dx. BinLists[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max],dx}] gives lists of the Subscript[x, i] that lie in successive bins of width dx from Subscript[x, min] to Subscript[x, max]. BinLists[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{{Subscript[b, 1],Subscript[b, 2],\[Ellipsis]}}] gives lists of the Subscript[x, i] that lie in the intervals [Subscript[b, 1],Subscript[b, 2]), [Subscript[b, 2],Subscript[b, 3]), \[Ellipsis]. BinLists[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]},xbins,ybins,\[Ellipsis]] gives an array of lists where the first index corresponds to x bins, the second to y, and so on. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BinLists] Binomial[n,m] gives the binomial coefficient (n m ). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Binomial] BinomialDistribution[n,p] represents a binomial distribution with n trials and success probability p.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BinomialDistribution] BitAnd[Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]] gives the bitwise AND of the integers Subscript[n, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BitAnd] BitClear[n,k] sets to 0 the bit corresponding to the coefficient of 2^k in the integer n. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BitClear] BitGet[n,k] gets the bit corresponding to the coefficient of 2^k in the integer n. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BitGet] BitLength[n] gives the number of binary bits necessary to represent the integer n. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BitLength] BitNot[n] gives the bitwise NOT of the integer n. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BitNot] BitOr[Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]] gives the bitwise OR of the integers Subscript[n, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BitOr] BitSet[n,k] sets to 1 the bit corresponding to the coefficient of 2^k in the integer n. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BitSet] BitShiftLeft[n,k] shifts the binary bits in the integer n to the left by k places, padding with zeros on the right. BitShiftLeft[n] shifts one bit to the left.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BitShiftLeft] BitShiftRight[n,k] shifts the binary bits in the integer n to the right by k places, dropping bits that are shifted past the unit's position on the right. BitShiftRight[n] shifts one bit to the right.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BitShiftRight] BitXor[Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]] gives the bitwise XOR of the integers Subscript[n, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BitXor] Black represents the color black in graphics or style specifications. \ *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Black] _ or Blank[] is a pattern object that can stand for any Mathematica expression. _h or Blank[h] can stand for any expression with head h. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Blank] BlankForm is an internal symbol used for formatting and printing. ___ (three _ characters) or BlankNullSequence[] is a pattern object that can stand for any sequence of zero or more Mathematica expressions. ___h or BlankNullSequence[h] can stand for any sequence of expressions, all of which have head h. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BlankNullSequence] __ (two _ characters) or BlankSequence[] is a pattern object that can stand for any sequence of one or more Mathematica expressions. __h or BlankSequence[h] can stand for any sequence of one or more expressions, all of which have head h. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BlankSequence] Blend[{Subscript[col, 1],Subscript[col, 2]},x] gives a color obtained by blending a fraction 1-x of color Subscript[col, 1] and x of color Subscript[col, 2]. Blend[{Subscript[col, 1],Subscript[col, 2],Subscript[col, 3],\[Ellipsis]},x] linearly interpolates between colors Subscript[col, i] as x varies from 0 to 1. Blend[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[col, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[col, 2]},\[Ellipsis]},x] interpolates to give Subscript[col, i] when x=Subscript[x, i]. Blend[{Subscript[col, 1],Subscript[col, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[u, 1],Subscript[u, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] blends all the Subscript[col, i], using fraction Subscript[u, i] of color Subscript[col, i]. Blend[{Subscript[col, 1],Subscript[col, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] blends equal fractions of all the Subscript[col, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Blend] Block[{x,y,\[Ellipsis]},expr] specifies that expr is to be evaluated with local values for the symbols x, y, \[Ellipsis] . Block[{x=Subscript[x, 0],\[Ellipsis]},expr] defines initial local values for x, \[Ellipsis] . * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Block] BlockRandom[expr] evaluates expr with all pseudorandom generators localized, so that uses of SeedRandom, RandomInteger and related functions within the evaluation of expr do not affect subsequent pseudorandom sequences.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BlockRandom] Blue represents the color blue in graphics or style specifications. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Blue] Blur[image] gives a blurred version of image. Blur[image,r] gives a version of image blurred over pixel radius r.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Blur] Bold represents a bold font weight.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Bold] Bookmarks is an option for Manipulate and related functions that gives a list of bookmark settings.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Bookmarks] Boole[expr] yields 1 if expr is True and 0 if it is False. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Boole] BooleanConvert[expr] converts the Boolean expression expr to disjunctive normal form. BooleanConvert[expr,form] converts the Boolean expression expr to the specified form. BooleanConvert[expr,form,cond] finds an expression in the specified form that is equivalent to expr when cond is true.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BooleanConvert] BooleanCountingFunction[Subscript[k, max],n] represents a Boolean function of n variables that gives True if at most Subscript[k, max] variables are True. BooleanCountingFunction[{k},n] represents a function of n variables that gives True if exactly k variables are True. BooleanCountingFunction[{Subscript[k, min],Subscript[k, max]},n] represents a function that gives True if between Subscript[k, min] and Subscript[k, max] variables are True. BooleanCountingFunction[{{Subscript[k, 1],Subscript[k, 2],\[Ellipsis]}},n] represents a function that gives True if exactly Subscript[k, i] variables are True. BooleanCountingFunction[spec,{Subscript[a, 1],Subscript[a, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the Boolean expression in variables Subscript[a, i] corresponding to the Boolean counting function specified by spec. BooleanCountingFunction[spec,{Subscript[a, 1],Subscript[a, 2],\[Ellipsis]},form] gives the Boolean expression in the form specified by form.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BooleanCountingFunction] BooleanFunction[k,n] represents the k\[Null]^th Boolean function in n variables. BooleanFunction[values] represents the Boolean function corresponding to the specified vector of truth values. BooleanFunction[{{Subscript[i, 11],Subscript[i, 12],\[Ellipsis]}->Subscript[o, 1],\[Ellipsis]}] represents the Boolean function defined by the specified mapping from inputs to outputs. BooleanFunction[spec,{Subscript[a, 1],Subscript[a, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the Boolean expression in variables Subscript[a, i] corresponding to the Boolean function specified by spec. BooleanFunction[spec,{Subscript[a, 1],Subscript[a, 2],\[Ellipsis]},form] gives the Boolean expression in the form specified by form.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BooleanFunction] BooleanMaxterms[k,n] represents the k\[Null]^th maxterm in n variables. BooleanMaxterms[{Subscript[k, 1],Subscript[k, 2],\[Ellipsis]},n] represents the conjunction of the maxterms Subscript[k, i]. BooleanMaxterms[{{Subscript[u, 1],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[u, n]},{Subscript[v, 1],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] represents the conjunction of maxterms given by the exponent vectors Subscript[u, i], Subscript[v, i], \[Ellipsis]. BooleanMaxterms[spec,{Subscript[a, 1],Subscript[a, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the Boolean expression in variables Subscript[a, i] corresponding to the maxterms function specified by spec. BooleanMaxterms[spec,{Subscript[a, ],Subscript[a, 2],\[Ellipsis]},form] gives the Boolean expression in the form specified by form.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BooleanMaxterms] BooleanMinimize[expr] finds a minimal-length disjunctive normal form representation of expr. BooleanMinimize[expr,form] finds a minimal-length representation for expr in the specified form. BooleanMinimize[expr,form, cond] finds a minimal-length expression in the specified form that is equivalent to expr when cond is true.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BooleanMinimize] BooleanMinterms[k,n] represents the k\[Null]\[Null]^th minterm in n variables. BooleanMinterms[{Subscript[k, 1],Subscript[k, 2],\[Ellipsis]},n] represents the disjunction of the minterms Subscript[k, i]. BooleanMinterms[{{Subscript[u, 1],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[u, n]},{Subscript[v, 1],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] represents the disjunction of minterms given by the exponent vectors Subscript[u, i], Subscript[v, i], \[Ellipsis]. BooleanMinterms[spec,{Subscript[a, 1],Subscript[a, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the Boolean expression in variables Subscript[a, i] corresponding to the minterms function specified by spec. BooleanMinterms[spec,{Subscript[a, ],Subscript[a, 2],\[Ellipsis]},form] gives the Boolean expression in the form specified by form.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BooleanMinterms] Booleans represents the domain of Booleans, as in x\[Element]Booleans. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Booleans] BooleanTable[bf] gives a list of truth values for all possible combinations of variable values supplied to the Boolean function bf. BooleanTable[expr,{Subscript[a, 1],Subscript[a, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives a list of the truth values of the Boolean expression expr for all possible combinations of values of the Subscript[a, i]. BooleanTable[expr,{Subscript[a, 1],Subscript[a, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[b, 1],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]] gives a nested table of truth values of expr with the outermost level giving possible combinations of the Subscript[a, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BooleanTable] BooleanVariables[expr] gives a list of the Boolean variables in the Boolean expression expr. BooleanVariables[bf] gives the number of Boolean variables in the BooleanFunction object bf.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BooleanVariables] Bottom is a symbol that represents the bottom for purposes of alignment and positioning. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Bottom] BottomHatTransform[image,ker] gives the morphological bottom-hat transform of image with respect to structuring element ker. BottomHatTransform[image,r] gives the bottom-hat transform with respect to a range r square.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BottomHatTransform] BoundaryStyle is an option for plotting functions that specifies the style in which boundaries of regions should be drawn. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BoundaryStyle] Bounds Attributes[Bounds] = {Protected} Box Attributes[Box] = {Protected} BoxBaselineShift is an option for AdjustmentBox that specifies how much the baseline of the box should be shifted relative to those of neighboring characters.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BoxBaselineShift] BoxData Attributes[BoxData] = {Protected} BoxDimensions Attributes[BoxDimensions] = {Protected} Boxed is an option for Graphics3D which specifies whether to draw the edges of the bounding box in a three-dimensional picture. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Boxed] Boxes Attributes[Boxes] = {Protected} BoxForm Attributes[BoxForm] = {Protected} BoxFormFormatTypes is a global option that specifies the list of typeset format types that are currently defined.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BoxFormFormatTypes] BoxFrame is an option for FrameBox objects that specifies whether to draw a frame around the contents of the box.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BoxFrame] BoxID Attributes[BoxID] = {Protected} BoxMargins is an option for AdjustmentBox objects that specifies the margins to leave around the contents of the box.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BoxMargins] BoxMatrix[r] gives a (2 r+1)*(2 r+1) matrix of 1s. BoxMatrix[r,w] gives a (2 r+1)*(2 r+1) block of 1s centered in a w*w matrix of 0s. BoxMatrix[{Subscript[r, 1],Subscript[r, 2],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]] gives a (2 Subscript[r, 1]+1) (2 Subscript[r, 2]+1) \[Ellipsis] array of 1s.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BoxMatrix] BoxRatios is an option for Graphics3D which gives the ratios of side lengths for the bounding box of the three-dimensional picture. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BoxRatios] BoxRegion Attributes[BoxRegion] = {Protected} BoxRotation Attributes[BoxRotation] = {Protected} BoxRotationPoint Attributes[BoxRotationPoint] = {Protected} BoxStyle is an option for three-dimensional graphics functions which specifies how the bounding box should be rendered. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BoxStyle] BracketingBar[x, y, \[Ellipsis]] displays as \[LeftBracketingBar]x,y,\[Ellipsis]\[RightBracketingBar].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BracketingBar] BrayCurtisDistance[u,v] gives the Bray-Curtis distance between vectors u and v.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BrayCurtisDistance] Break[] exits the nearest enclosing Do, For or While. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Break] Brown represents the color brown in graphics or style specifications. \ *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Brown] BrowserCategory Attributes[BrowserCategory] = {Protected} BSplineBasis[d,x] gives the zeroth uniform B-spline basis function of degree d at x. BSplineBasis[d,n,x] gives the n\[Null]^th uniform B-spline basis function of degree d. BSplineBasis[{d,{Subscript[u, 1],Subscript[u, 2],\[Ellipsis]}},n,x] gives the n\[Null]^th non-uniform B-spline basis function of degree d with knots at positions Subscript[u, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BSplineBasis] BSplineCurve[{Subscript[pt, 1],Subscript[pt, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] is a graphics primitive which represents a non-uniform rational B-spline curve with control points Subscript[pt, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BSplineCurve] BSplineCurve3DBox Attributes[BSplineCurve3DBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} BSplineCurveBox Attributes[BSplineCurveBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} BSplineCurveBoxOptions Attributes[BSplineCurveBoxOptions] = {Protected} BSplineFunction[{Subscript[pt, 1],Subscript[pt, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] represents a B-spline function for a curve defined by the control points pt. BSplineFunction[array] represents a B-spline function for a surface or high-dimensional manifold. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BSplineFunction] BSplineSurface[array] is a graphics primitive which represents a non-uniform rational B-spline surface defined by an array of x,y,z control points.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BSplineSurface] BSplineSurface3DBox Attributes[BSplineSurface3DBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} BubbleChart[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[z, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],Subscript[z, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] makes a bubble chart with bubbles at positions {Subscript[x, i],Subscript[y, i]} with sizes Subscript[z, i]. BubbleChart[{\[Ellipsis],Subscript[w, i][{Subscript[x, i],Subscript[y, i],Subscript[z, i]},\[Ellipsis]],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[w, j][{Subscript[x, j],Subscript[y, j],Subscript[z, j]},\[Ellipsis]],\[Ellipsis]}] makes a bubble chart with bubble features defined by the symbolic wrappers Subscript[w, k]. BubbleChart[{Subscript[data, 1],Subscript[data, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] makes a bubble chart from multiple datasets Subscript[data, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BubbleChart] BubbleChart3D[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[z, 1],Subscript[u, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],Subscript[z, 2],Subscript[u, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] makes a 3D bubble chart with bubbles at positions {Subscript[x, i],Subscript[y, i],Subscript[z, i]} with sizes Subscript[u, i]. BubbleChart3D[{\[Ellipsis],Subscript[w, i][{Subscript[x, i],Subscript[y, i],Subscript[z, i],Subscript[u, i]},\[Ellipsis]],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[w, j][{Subscript[x, j],Subscript[y, j],Subscript[z, j],Subscript[u, j]},\[Ellipsis]],\[Ellipsis]}] makes a 3D bubble chart with bubble features defined by the symbolic wrappers Subscript[w, k]. BubbleChart3D[{Subscript[data, 1],Subscript[data, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] makes a 3D bubble chart from multiple datasets Subscript[data, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BubbleChart3D] BubbleScale is an option to BubbleChart and related functions that specifies how the scale of each bubble should be determined from the value of each data element.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BubbleScale] BubbleSizes is an option to BubbleChart and related functions that specifies the range of sizes used for bubbles. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/BubbleSizes] Button[label,action] represents a button that is labeled with label, and evaluates action whenever it is clicked. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Button] ButtonBar[{Subscript[lbl, 1]:>Subscript[act, 1],Subscript[lbl, 2]:>Subscript[act, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] represents a bar of buttons with labels Subscript[lbl, i] that perform actions Subscript[act, i] when pressed.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ButtonBar] ButtonBox[boxes] is a low-level box construct that represents a button in a notebook expression.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ButtonBox] ButtonBoxOptions->{Subscript[opt, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[opt, 2]->Subscript[val, 2],\[Ellipsis]} is an option for cells that specifies settings for buttons within the cell.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ButtonBoxOptions] ButtonCell Attributes[ButtonCell] = {Protected} ButtonContents Attributes[ButtonContents] = {Protected} ButtonData is an option for the low-level function ButtonBox which specifies the second argument to give to the ButtonFunction for the button when the button is active and is clicked. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ButtonData] ButtonEvaluator is an option for the low-level function ButtonBox which specifies where the expression constructed from ButtonFunction should be sent for evaluation. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ButtonEvaluator] ButtonExpandable is an option for the low-level function ButtonBox which specifies whether the button should expand to fill any GridBox position in which it appears. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ButtonExpandable] ButtonFrame is an option for the low-level function ButtonBox which specifies the type of frame to display around a button. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ButtonFrame] ButtonFunction is an option for the low-level function ButtonBox which specifies the function to execute when the button is active and is clicked. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ButtonFunction] ButtonMargins is an option for ButtonBox which specifies how much space in printer\[CloseCurlyQuote]s points to leave around the contents of a button when the button is displayed. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ButtonMargins] ButtonMinHeight is an option for the low-level function ButtonBox which specifies the minimum total height in units of font size that should be allowed for the button. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ButtonMinHeight] ButtonNote is an option for ButtonBox which specifies what should be displayed in the status line of the current notebook window when the button is active and the cursor is placed on top of it. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ButtonNote] ButtonNotebook[] gives the notebook, if any, that contains the button which initiated the current evaluation. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ButtonNotebook] ButtonSource is an option for the low-level function ButtonBox which specifies the first argument to give to the ButtonFunction for the button when the button is active and is clicked. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ButtonSource] ButtonStyle is an option for ButtonBox which specifies the default properties for the button. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ButtonStyle] ButtonStyleMenuListing Attributes[ButtonStyleMenuListing] = {Protected} Byte represents a single byte of data in Read. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Byte] ByteCount[expr] gives the number of bytes used internally by Mathematica to store expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ByteCount] ByteOrdering is an option for BinaryRead, BinaryWrite and related functions that specifies what ordering of bytes should be assumed for your computer system.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ByteOrdering] C[i] is the default form for the i\[Null]\[Null]^th parameter or constant generated in representing the results of various symbolic computations. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/C] CachedValue Attributes[CachedValue] = {Protected} CacheGraphics Attributes[CacheGraphics] = {Protected} CallPacket[integer, list] is a MathLink packet encapsulating a request to invoke the external function numbered integer with the arguments contained in list.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CallPacket] CanberraDistance[u,v] gives the Canberra distance between vectors u and v.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CanberraDistance] Cancel[expr] cancels out common factors in the numerator and denominator of expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Cancel] CancelButton[] represents a Cancel button in a dialog that closes the dialog window when clicked. CancelButton[action] represents a button labeled Cancel that evaluates action when clicked. CancelButton[label,action] uses label as the label for the button.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CancelButton] Cap[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[Cap]y\[Cap]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Cap] CapForm[type] is a graphics primitive which specifies what type of caps should be used at the ends of lines, tubes and related primitives.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CapForm] CapitalDifferentialD[x] displays as \[CapitalDifferentialD]x.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CapitalDifferentialD] CarmichaelLambda[n] gives the Carmichael function \[Lambda](n), defined as the smallest integer m such that k^m\[Congruent]1mod n for all k relatively prime to n. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CarmichaelLambda] Cases[{Subscript[e, 1],Subscript[e, 2],\[Ellipsis]},pattern] gives a list of the Subscript[e, i] that match the pattern. Cases[{Subscript[e, 1],\[Ellipsis]},pattern->rhs] gives a list of the values of rhs corresponding to the Subscript[e, i] that match the pattern. Cases[expr,pattern,levelspec] gives a list of all parts of expr on levels specified by levelspec that match the pattern. Cases[expr,pattern->rhs,levelspec] gives the values of rhs that match the pattern. Cases[expr,pattern,levelspec,n] gives the first n parts in expr that match the pattern. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Cases] Casoratian[{Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]}, n] gives the Casoratian determinant for the sequences Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis] depending on n. Casoratian[eqn,y,n] gives the Casoratian determinant for the basis of the solutions of the linear difference equation eqn involving y[n+m]. Casoratian[eqns,{Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]},n] gives the Casoratian determinant for the system of linear difference equations eqns.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Casoratian] Catalan is Catalan's constant, with numerical value \[TildeEqual]0.915966. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Catalan] CatalanNumber[n] gives the n\[Null]^th Catalan number Subscript[C, n].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CatalanNumber] Catch[expr] returns the argument of the first Throw generated in the evaluation of expr. Catch[expr,form] returns value from the first Throw[value,tag] for which form matches tag. Catch[expr,form,f] returns f[value,tag]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Catch] CauchyDistribution[a,b] represents a Cauchy distribution with location parameter a and scale parameter b.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CauchyDistribution] CDF[dist,x] gives the cumulative distribution function for the symbolic distribution dist evaluated at x. CDF[dist] gives the CDF as a pure function.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CDF] Ceiling[x] gives the smallest integer greater than or equal to x. Ceiling[x,a] gives the smallest multiple of a greater than or equal to x. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Ceiling] Cell[contents] is the low-level representation of a cell inside a Mathematica notebook. Cell[contents,"style"] represents a cell in the specified style.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Cell] CellAutoOverwrite is an option for Cell which specifies whether an output cell should be overwritten by new output when the preceding input cell is evaluated. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellAutoOverwrite] CellBaseline is an option for Cell which specifies where the baseline of the cell should be assumed to be when it appears inside another cell. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellBaseline] CellBoundingBox Attributes[CellBoundingBox] = {Protected} CellBracketOptions->{Subscript[opt, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[opt, 2]->Subscript[val, 2],\[Ellipsis]} is an option for cells that specifies settings for cell brackets.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellBracketOptions] CellChangeTimes is an option to Cell that specifies when changes were made to the cell.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellChangeTimes] CellContents Attributes[CellContents] = {Protected} CellContext is an option for Cell which specifies the context to use for the evaluation of the contents of the cell.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellContext] CellDingbat is an option for Cell which specifies what dingbat to use to emphasize a cell. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellDingbat] CellDynamicExpression Attributes[CellDynamicExpression] = {Protected} CellEditDuplicate is an option for Cell which specifies whether the front end should make a copy of the cell before actually applying any changes in its contents that you request. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellEditDuplicate] CellElementsBoundingBox Attributes[CellElementsBoundingBox] = {Protected} CellElementSpacings Attributes[CellElementSpacings] = {Protected} CellEpilog is an option for Cell which gives an expression to evaluate after each ordinary evaluation of the contents of the cell.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellEpilog] CellEvaluationDuplicate is an option for Cell which specifies whether the front end should make a copy of the cell before performing any evaluation of its contents that you request. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellEvaluationDuplicate] CellEvaluationFunction is an option to Cell which gives a function to be applied to every expression from the cell that is sent to the kernel for ordinary evaluation. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellEvaluationFunction] CellEventActions is an option for Cell that gives a list of actions to perform when specified events occur in connection with a cell in a notebook. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellEventActions] CellFrame is an option for Cell which specifies whether a frame should be drawn around a cell. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellFrame] CellFrameColor is an option that specifies the color of the frame around a cell.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellFrameColor] CellFrameLabelMargins is an option for cells that specifies the absolute margins in printer\[CloseCurlyQuote]s points between a cell\[CloseCurlyQuote]s frame and the labels around the frame.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellFrameLabelMargins] CellFrameLabels is an option that specifies the labels associated with the frame around a cell.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellFrameLabels] CellFrameMargins is an option for Cell which specifies the absolute margins in printer\[CloseCurlyQuote]s points to leave inside a frame that is drawn around a cell. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellFrameMargins] CellGroup[{Subscript[cell, 1],Subscript[cell, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives an open group of cells that can appear in a Mathematica notebook. CellGroup[{Subscript[cell, 1],Subscript[cell, 2],\[Ellipsis]},1] gives a cell group in which only the first cell is open. CellGroup[{Subscript[cell, 1],Subscript[cell, 2],\[Ellipsis]},-1] gives a cell group in which only the last cell is open. CellGroup[{Subscript[cell, 1],Subscript[cell, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[i, 1],Subscript[i, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives a cell group in which cells Subscript[i, 1], Subscript[i, 2], \[Ellipsis] are open. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellGroup] CellGroupData[{Subscript[cell, 1],Subscript[cell, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] is a low-level construct that represents an open group of cells in a notebook. CellGroupData[{Subscript[cell, 1],Subscript[cell, 2],\[Ellipsis]},1] represents a cell group in which only the first cell is open. CellGroupData[{Subscript[cell, 1],Subscript[cell, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[i, 1],Subscript[i, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] represents a cell group with cells at positions Subscript[i, 1], Subscript[i, 2], \[Ellipsis] open. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellGroupData] CellGrouping is a notebook option which specifies how cells in the notebook should be assembled into groups. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellGrouping] CellGroupingRules is an option for cells that specifies the rules used for grouping a cell.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellGroupingRules] CellHorizontalScrolling is an option for cells that specifies whether the contents of a cell can be scrolled from left to right using the horizontal scroll bar of the notebook.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellHorizontalScrolling] CellID Attributes[CellID] = {Protected} CellLabel is an option for Cell which gives the label to use for a particular cell. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellLabel] CellLabelAutoDelete is an option for Cell which specifies whether a label for the cell should be automatically deleted if the contents of the cell are modified or the notebook containing the cell is saved in a file. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellLabelAutoDelete] CellLabelMargins is an option for cells that specifies the absolute margins in printer\[CloseCurlyQuote]s points around a cell label.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellLabelMargins] CellLabelPositioning is an option for cells that specifies where the label for a cell is positioned.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellLabelPositioning] CellMargins is an option for Cell which specifies the absolute margins in printer\[CloseCurlyQuote]s points to leave around a cell. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellMargins] CellObject Attributes[CellObject] = {Protected} CellOpen is an option for Cell which specifies whether the contents of a cell should be explicitly displayed. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellOpen] CellPasswords Attributes[CellPasswords] = {Protected} CellPrint[expr] inserts expr as a complete cell in the current notebook just below the cell being evaluated. CellPrint[{Subscript[expr, 1],Subscript[expr, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] inserts a sequence of cells. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellPrint] CellProlog is an option to Cell which gives an expression to evaluate before each ordinary evaluation of the contents of the cell.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellProlog] CellSize is an option for cells that specifies the width and height of an inline cell.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellSize] CellStyle Attributes[CellStyle] = {Protected} CellTags is an option for Cell which gives a list of tags to associate with a cell. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellTags] CellularAutomaton[rule,init,t] generates a list representing the evolution of the cellular automaton with the specified rule from initial condition init for t steps. CellularAutomaton[rule,init] gives the result of evolving init for one step. CellularAutomaton[rule,init,{tspec,xspec,\[Ellipsis]}] gives only those parts of the evolution specified by tspec, xspec, etc. CellularAutomaton[rule,init,{t,All,\[Ellipsis]}] includes at each step all cells that could be affected over the course of t steps. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CellularAutomaton] Center[G] returns the center of the group G. This is identical to GroupCenter. The standard (built-in) usage still exists: Center is used to specify alignment in printforms such as ColumnForm and TableForm.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Center] CenterDot[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[CenterDot]y\[CenterDot]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CenterDot] CentralMoment[list,r] gives the r\[Null]^th central moment of the elements in list with respect to their mean.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CentralMoment] CForm[expr] prints as a C language version of expr. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CForm] ChampernowneNumber[b] gives the base-b Champernowne number Subscript[C, b]. ChampernowneNumber[] gives the base-10 Champernowne number.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChampernowneNumber] Character represents a single character in Read. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Character] CharacterEncoding is an option for input and output functions which specifies what raw character encoding should be used. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CharacterEncoding] CharacterEncodingsPath is a global option that specifies which directories are searched for character encoding files.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CharacterEncodingsPath] CharacteristicFunction[dist,t] gives the characteristic function for the symbolic distribution dist as a function of the variable t.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CharacteristicFunction] CharacteristicPolynomial[m,x] gives the characteristic polynomial for the matrix m. CharacteristicPolynomial[{m,a},x] gives the generalized characteristic polynomial with respect to a. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CharacteristicPolynomial] CharacterRange[Subscript[c, 1],Subscript[c, 2]] yields a list of the characters in the range from "Subscript[c, 1]" to "Subscript[c, 2]". * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CharacterRange] Characters["string"] gives a list of the characters in a string. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Characters] ChartBaseStyle is an option for charting functions that specifies the base style for all chart elements.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChartBaseStyle] ChartElementData Attributes[ChartElementData] = {Protected, ReadProtected} ChartElementDataFunction Attributes[ChartElementDataFunction] = {Protected, ReadProtected} ChartElementFunction is an option for charting functions such as BarChart that gives a function to use to generate the primitives for rendering each chart element.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChartElementFunction] ChartElements is an option to charting functions such as BarChart that specifies the graphics to use as the basis for bars or other chart elements. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChartElements] ChartLabels is an option for charting functions that specifies what labels should be used for chart elements.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChartLabels] ChartLayout is an option to charting functions which specifies the overall layout to use.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChartLayout] ChartLegends is an option for charting functions that specifies what legends should be used for chart elements. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChartLegends] ChartStyle is an option for charting functions that specifies styles in which chart elements should be drawn.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChartStyle] ChebyshevDistance[u,v] gives the Chebyshev or sup norm distance between vectors u and v.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChebyshevDistance] ChebyshevT[n,x] gives the Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind Subscript[T, n](x). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChebyshevT] ChebyshevU[n,x] gives the Chebyshev polynomial of the second kind Subscript[U, n](x). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChebyshevU] Check[expr,failexpr] evaluates expr, and returns the result, unless messages were generated, in which case it evaluates and returns failexpr. Check[expr,failexpr,{Subscript[s, 1]::Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[s, 2]::Subscript[t, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] checks only for the specified messages. Check[expr, failexpr,"name"] checks only for messages in the named message group.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Check] CheckAbort[expr,failexpr] evaluates expr, returning failexpr if an abort occurs. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CheckAbort] CheckAll[expr, f] evaluates expr and returns f[expr, HoldComplete[Subscript[control, 1], \[Ellipsis]]] where the control-i expressions are aborts, throws, or other flow control commands currently being executed (but stopped by CheckAll). Checkbox[x] represents a checkbox with setting x, displayed as when x is True and when x is False. Checkbox[Dynamic[x]] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the value of x being toggled if the checkbox is clicked. Checkbox[x,{Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[val, 2]}] represents a checkbox that toggles between values Subscript[val, 1] and Subscript[val, 2], and displays as and respectively. Checkbox[x,{Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[val, 2],Subscript[val, 3],\[Ellipsis]}] represents a checkbox that cycles through values Subscript[val, i], and displays as for all Subscript[val, i] with i>2. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Checkbox] CheckboxBar[x,{Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[val, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] represents a checkbox bar with setting x and with checkboxes for values Subscript[val, i] to include in the list x. CheckboxBar[Dynamic[x],{Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[val, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the values in the list x being reset every time a checkbox is clicked. CheckboxBar[x,{Subscript[val, 1]->Subscript[lbl, 1],Subscript[val, 2]->Subscript[lbl, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] represents a checkbox bar in which the checkbox associated with value Subscript[val, i] has label Subscript[lbl, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CheckboxBar] CheckboxBox Attributes[CheckboxBox] = {Protected, ReadProtected} CheckboxBoxOptions Attributes[CheckboxBoxOptions] = {Protected} ChemicalData["name","property"] gives the value of the specified property for the chemical "name". ChemicalData["name"] gives a structure diagram for the chemical with the specified name. ChemicalData["class"] gives a list of available chemicals in the specified class.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChemicalData] ChessboardDistance[u,v] gives the chessboard, Chebyshev or sup norm distance between vectors u and v.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChessboardDistance] ChiDistribution[\[Nu]] represents a \[Chi] distribution with \[Nu] degrees of freedom.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChiDistribution] ChineseRemainder[{Subscript[r, 1],Subscript[r, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[m, 1],Subscript[m, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the smallest positive x that satisfies all the integer congruences x mod Subscript[m, i] = Subscript[r, i] mod Subscript[m, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChineseRemainder] ChiSquareDistribution[\[Nu]] represents a \[Chi]^2 distribution with \[Nu] degrees of freedom.\ *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChiSquareDistribution] ChoiceButtons[] represents a pair of OK and Cancel buttons that close a dialog. ChoiceButtons[{Subscript[act, ok],Subscript[act, cancel]}] represents OK and Cancel buttons that evaluate the corresponding Subscript[act, i] when clicked. ChoiceButtons[{Subscript[lab, ok],Subscript[lab, cancel]},{Subscript[act, ok],Subscript[act, cancel]}] uses the Subscript[lab, i] to label the buttons.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChoiceButtons] ChoiceDialog[expr] puts up a standard choice dialog that displays expr together with OK and Cancel buttons, and returns True if OK is clicked, and False if Cancel is clicked. ChoiceDialog[expr,{Subscript[lbl, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[lbl, 2]->Subscript[val, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] includes buttons with labels Subscript[lbl, i], and returns the corresponding Subscript[val, i] for the button clicked.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ChoiceDialog] CholeskyDecomposition[m] gives the Cholesky decomposition of a matrix m. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CholeskyDecomposition] Chop[expr] replaces approximate real numbers in expr that are close to zero by the exact integer 0. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Chop] Circle[{x,y},r] is a two-dimensional graphics primitive that represents a circle of radius r centered at the point x, y. Circle[{x,y}] gives a circle of radius 1. Circle[{x,y},r,{Subscript[\[Theta], 1],Subscript[\[Theta], 2]}] gives a circular arc. Circle[{x,y},{Subscript[r, x],Subscript[r, y]}] gives an ellipse with semi-axes of lengths Subscript[r, x] and Subscript[r, y], oriented parallel to the coordinate axes. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Circle] CircleBox Attributes[CircleBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} CircleDot[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[CircleDot]y\[CircleDot]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CircleDot] CircleMinus[x,y] displays as x\[CircleMinus]y. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CircleMinus] CirclePlus[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[CirclePlus]y\[CirclePlus]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CirclePlus] CircleTimes[x] displays as \[CircleTimes]x. CircleTimes[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[CircleTimes]y\[CircleTimes]\[Ellipsis].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CircleTimes] CityData["name","property"] gives the value of the specified property for the city with the specified name. CityData["name"] gives a list of the full specifications of cities whose names are consistent with name.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CityData] Clear[Subscript[symbol, 1],Subscript[symbol, 2],\[Ellipsis]] clears values and definitions for the Subscript[symbol, i]. Clear["Subscript[form, 1]","Subscript[form, 2]",\[Ellipsis]] clears values and definitions for all symbols whose names match any of the string patterns Subscript[form, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Clear] ClearAll[Subscript[symb, 1],Subscript[symb, 2],\[Ellipsis]] clears all values, definitions, attributes, messages and defaults associated with symbols. ClearAll["Subscript[form, 1]","Subscript[form, 2]",\[Ellipsis]] clears all symbols whose names textually match any of the Subscript[form, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ClearAll] ClearAttributes[s,attr] removes attr from the list of attributes of the symbol s. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ClearAttributes] ClearSystemCache[] clears internal system caches of stored results.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ClearSystemCache] ClebschGordan[{Subscript[j, 1],Subscript[m, 1]},{Subscript[j, 2],Subscript[m, 2]},{j,m}] gives the Clebsch-Gordan coefficient for the decomposition of \[VerticalSeparator]j,m\[RightAngleBracket] in terms of \[VerticalSeparator]Subscript[j, 1],Subscript[m, 1]\[RightAngleBracket]\[VerticalSeparator]Subscript[j, 2],Subscript[m, 2]\[RightAngleBracket]. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ClebschGordan] ClickPane[image,func] represents a clickable pane that displays as image and applies func to the x,y coordinates of each click within the pane. ClickPane[image,{{Subscript[x, min],Subscript[y, min]},{Subscript[x, max],Subscript[y, max]}},func] specifies the range of coordinates to use.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ClickPane] Clip[x] gives x clipped to be between -1 and +1. Clip[x,{min,max}] gives x for min<=x<=max, min for xmax. Clip[x,{min,max},{Subscript[v, min],Subscript[v, max]}] gives Subscript[v, min] for xmax. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Clip] ClipboardNotebook Attributes[ClipboardNotebook] = {Protected, ReadProtected} ClipFill is an option for plotting functions that specifies what should be shown where curves or surfaces would extend beyond the plot range. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ClipFill] ClippingStyle is an option for plotting functions that specifies the style of what should be drawn when curves or surfaces would extend beyond the plot range. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ClippingStyle] ClipPlanes Attributes[ClipPlanes] = {Protected} Clock[] represents a clock variable whose value cycles continuously from 0 to 1 once per second when it appears inside a dynamically updated object such as a Dynamic. Clock[t] cycles from 0 to t every t seconds. Clock[Subscript[v, max],t] cycles from 0 to Subscript[v, max] every t seconds. Clock[{Subscript[v, min],Subscript[v, max]},t] cycles through the range Subscript[v, min] to Subscript[v, max] every t seconds. Clock[{Subscript[v, min],Subscript[v, max]}] cycles through the range Subscript[v, min] to Subscript[v, max] over the course of Subscript[v, max]-Subscript[v, min] seconds. Clock[{Subscript[v, min],Subscript[v, max],dv}] cycles from Subscript[v, min] to Subscript[v, max] in steps of dv, spending dv seconds at each value. Clock[{Subscript[v, min],Subscript[v, max],dv},t] cycles from Subscript[v, min] to Subscript[v, max] in steps dv every t seconds. Clock[vals,t,n] goes through the cycle only n times, then always yields only the maximum value.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Clock] ClockwiseContourIntegral Close[stream] closes a stream. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Close] Closed Attributes[Closed] = {Protected} CloseKernels[] terminates all parallel kernels from the list Kernels[]. CloseKernels[k] terminates the kernel k. CloseKernels[{Subscript[k, 1],Subscript[k, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] terminates the kernels Subscript[k, 1], Subscript[k, 2], \[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CloseKernels] Closing[image,ker] gives the morphological closing of image with respect to the structuring element ker. Closing[image,r] gives the closing with respect to a range r square.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Closing] ClosingAutoSave is an option for notebooks that specifies whether a notebook is automatically saved when it is closed.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ClosingAutoSave] ClosingEvent Attributes[ClosingEvent] = {Protected} CMYKColor[cyan,magenta,yellow,black] is a graphics directive which specifies that graphical objects which follow are to be displayed in the color given. CMYKColor[c,m,y,k,a] specifies opacity a. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CMYKColor] Coarse Attributes[Coarse] = {Protected} Coefficient[poly, ind, n], given a polynomial over some ring in the indeterminate ind, returns the coefficient of ind^n. Coefficient[poly, n] works similarly, without the indeterminate needing to be specified. The standard (built-in) usage still exists: Coefficient[expr, form] gives the coefficient of form in the polynomial expr. Coefficient[expr, form, n] gives the coefficient of form^n in expr.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Coefficient] CoefficientArrays[polys,vars] gives the arrays of coefficients of the variables vars in the polynomials polys. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CoefficientArrays] CoefficientDomain is an option for GroebnerBasis, PolynomialReduce and PolynomialMod which specifies the domain for polynomial coefficients. CoefficientList[poly] returns the list of coefficients used in the polynomial poly over some ring R. Note that these are returned in the order as if PowersIncrease -> RightToLeft was given. In other words, CoefficientList[x^2 + 2x + 3] returns {3,2,1}. The standard (built-in) usage still exists: CoefficientList[poly, var] gives a list of coefficients of powers of var in poly, starting with power 0. CoefficientList[poly, {var1, var2, ...}] gives a matrix of coefficients of the vari.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CoefficientList] CoefficientRules[poly,{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the list {{Subscript[e, 11],Subscript[e, 12],\[Ellipsis]}->Subscript[c, 1],{Subscript[e, 21],\[Ellipsis]}->Subscript[c, 2],\[Ellipsis]} of exponent vectors and coefficients for the monomials in poly with respect to the Subscript[x, i]. CoefficientRules[poly,{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},order] gives the result with the monomial ordering specified by order.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CoefficientRules] Collect[expr,x] collects together terms involving the same powers of objects matching x. Collect[expr,{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] collects together terms that involve the same powers of objects matching Subscript[x, 1], Subscript[x, 2], \[Ellipsis] . Collect[expr,var,h] applies h to the expression that forms the coefficient of each term obtained. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Collect] Colon[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[Colon]y\[Colon]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Colon] ColonForm[a,b] prints as a: b. ColorCombine[{Subscript[image, 1],Subscript[image, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] creates a multichannel image by combining the sequence of channels in the Subscript[image, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColorCombine] ColorConvert[expr,colspace] converts color specifications in expr to refer to the color space represented by colspace.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColorConvert] ColorData["scheme"] gives a function that generates colors in the named color scheme when applied to parameter values. ColorData["scheme","property"] gives the specified property of a color scheme. ColorData["collection"] gives a list of color schemes in a named collection. ColorData[] gives a list of named collections of color schemes.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColorData] ColorDataFunction[range,\[Ellipsis]] is a function that represents a color scheme. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColorDataFunction] ColorFunction is an option for graphics functions which specifies a function to apply to determine colors of elements. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColorFunction] ColorFunctionScaling is an option for graphics functions which specifies whether arguments supplied to a color function should be scaled to lie between 0 and 1. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColorFunctionScaling] ColorMap Attributes[ColorMap] = {Protected} ColorNegate[image] gives the negative of image, in which all colors have been negated. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColorNegate] ColorOutput is an option for graphics functions which specifies the type of color output to produce. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColorOutput] ColorQuantize[image,n] gives an approximation to image that uses only n distinct colors. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColorQuantize] ColorRules is an option for ArrayPlot which specifies how colors of cells should be determined from values. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColorRules] ColorSelectorSettings->{opt->val} is a global option that specifies settings for the Color dialog box.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColorSelectorSettings] ColorSeparate[image] gives a list of single-channel images corresponding to each of the color channels in image.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColorSeparate] ColorSetter[color] represents a color setter which displays as a swatch of the specified color and when clicked brings up a system color picker dialog. ColorSetter[Dynamic[color]] uses the dynamically updated current value of color, with the value of color being reset if the color is modified. ColorSetter[] gives a color setter with initial color gray.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColorSetter] ColorSetterBox Attributes[ColorSetterBox] = {Protected, ReadProtected} ColorSetterBoxOptions Attributes[ColorSetterBoxOptions] = {Protected} ColorSlider[color] represents a color slider currently set to the color corresponding to color. ColorSlider[Dynamic[color]] uses the dynamically updated current value of color, with the value of color being reset if the color is modified. ColorSlider[] represents a color slider with an initial gray color.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColorSlider] ColorSpace is an option for Image and related functions that specifies the color space to which color values refer.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColorSpace] Column[{Subscript[expr, 1],Subscript[expr, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] is an object that formats with the Subscript[expr, i] arranged in a column, with Subscript[expr, 1] above Subscript[expr, 2], etc. Column[list,alignment] aligns each element horizontally in the specified way. Column[list,alignment,spacing] leaves the specified number of x-heights of spacing between successive elements.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Column] ColumnAlignments is an option for the low-level function GridBox which specifies how entries in each column should be aligned. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColumnAlignments] ColumnBackgrounds Attributes[ColumnBackgrounds] = {Protected} ColumnForm[{Subscript[e, 1],Subscript[e, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] prints as a column with Subscript[e, 1] above Subscript[e, 2], etc. ColumnForm[list,horiz] specifies the horizontal alignment of each element. ColumnForm[list,horiz,vert] also specifies the vertical alignment of the whole column. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColumnForm] ColumnLines is an option for the low-level function GridBox which specifies whether lines should be drawn between adjacent columns. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColumnLines] ColumnsEqual is an option for the low-level function GridBox which specifies whether all columns in the grid should be assigned equal width. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColumnsEqual] ColumnSpacings is an option for the low-level function GridBox which specifies the spaces in ems that should be inserted between adjacent columns. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColumnSpacings] ColumnWidths is an option for the low-level function GridBox which specifies the widths to use for columns. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ColumnWidths] CommonDefaultFormatTypes->{Subscript[opt, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[opt, 2]->Subscript[val, 2],\[Ellipsis]} is an option that specifies default formats for newly created cells.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CommonDefaultFormatTypes] Commonest[list] gives a list of the elements that are the most common in list. Commonest[list,n] gives a list of the n most common elements in list.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Commonest] CommonestFilter[image, r] transforms image by replacing each pixel with the most common pixel value in its range r neighborhood. CommonestFilter[data,r] applies commonest filtering to an array of data.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CommonestFilter] Compile[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},expr] creates a compiled function which evaluates expr assuming numerical values of the Subscript[x, i]. Compile[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[t, 1]},\[Ellipsis]},expr] assumes that Subscript[x, i] is of a type which matches Subscript[t, i]. Compile[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[n, 1]},\[Ellipsis]},expr] assumes that Subscript[x, i] is a rank Subscript[n, i] array of objects each of a type which matches Subscript[t, i]. Compile[vars,expr,{{Subscript[p, 1],Subscript[pt, 1]},\[Ellipsis]}] assumes that subexpressions in expr which match Subscript[p, i] are of types which match Subscript[pt, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Compile] Compiled is an option for various numerical and plotting functions which specifies whether the expressions they work with should automatically be compiled. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Compiled] CompiledFunction[args,argregs,nregs,instr,func] represents compiled code for evaluating a compiled function. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CompiledFunction] CompileOptimizations Attributes[CompileOptimizations] = {Protected} Complement[Subscript[e, all],Subscript[e, 1],Subscript[e, 2],\[Ellipsis]] gives the elements in Subscript[e, all] which are not in any of the Subscript[e, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Complement] CompletionsListPacket Attributes[CompletionsListPacket] = {Protected} Complex is the head used for complex numbers. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Complex] Complexes represents the domain of complex numbers, as in x\[Element]Complexes. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Complexes] ComplexExpand[expr] expands expr assuming that all variables are real. ComplexExpand[expr,{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] expands expr assuming that variables matching any of the Subscript[x, i] are complex. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ComplexExpand] ComplexInfinity represents a quantity with infinite magnitude, but undetermined complex phase. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ComplexInfinity] ComplexityFunction is an option for Simplify and other functions which gives a function to rank the complexity of different forms of an expression. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ComplexityFunction] ComponentwiseContextMenu Attributes[ComponentwiseContextMenu] = {Protected} Compose Attributes[Compose] = {Protected} ComposeList[{Subscript[f, 1],Subscript[f, 2],\[Ellipsis]},x] generates a list of the form {x,Subscript[f, 1][x],Subscript[f, 2][Subscript[f, 1][x]],\[Ellipsis]}. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ComposeList] ComposeSeries[Subscript[series, 1],Subscript[series, 2],\[Ellipsis]] composes several power series. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ComposeSeries] Composition[Subscript[f, 1],Subscript[f, 2],Subscript[f, 3],\[Ellipsis]] represents a composition of the functions Subscript[f, 1], Subscript[f, 2], Subscript[f, 3], \[Ellipsis] . *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Composition] Subscript[expr, 1];Subscript[expr, 2];\[Ellipsis] evaluates the Subscript[expr, i] in turn, giving the last one as the result. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CompoundExpression] Compress[expr] gives a compressed representation of expr as a string. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Compress] CompressedData Attributes[CompressedData] = {Protected} patt/;test is a pattern which matches only if the evaluation of test yields True. lhs:>rhs/;test represents a rule which applies only if the evaluation of test yields True. lhs:=rhs/;test is a definition to be used only if test yields True. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Condition] Cone[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[z, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],Subscript[z, 2]}},r] represents a cone with a base of radius r centered at (Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[z, 1]) and a tip at (Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],Subscript[z, 2]). Cone[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[z, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],Subscript[z, 2]}}] represents a cone with a base of radius 1.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Cone] ConeBox Attributes[ConeBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} ConfidenceLevel is an option for LinearModelFit and other fitting functions which specifies the confidence level to use in generating parameter and prediction intervals.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ConfidenceLevel] ConfigurationPath is a global option that specifies which directories are searched for systemwide configuration information.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ConfigurationPath] Congruent[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[Congruent]y\[Congruent]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Congruent] Conjugate[G, h, x] returns the element x h x^(-1) in the Groupoid G. Additionally, Conjugate[G, H, x] returns the set x H x^(-1) for the subgroup H of the group G. The standard (built-in) usage still exists: Conjugate[z] gives the complex conjugate of the complex number z. (Note that the Listable attribute has been turned off.)* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Conjugate] ConjugateTranspose[m] or m^\[ConjugateTranspose] gives the conjugate transpose of m. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ConjugateTranspose] Conjunction[expr,{Subscript[a, 1],Subscript[a, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the conjunction of expr over all choices of the Boolean variables Subscript[a, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Conjunction] Connect is a setting for the LinkMode option of LinkOpen. LinkMode->Connect causes a link to be created that will connect to a link listening on a named port. ConsoleMessage Attributes[ConsoleMessage] = {HoldAll} ConsoleMessage[FE`e___] := (MathLink`CallFrontEnd[ FrontEnd`ConsoleMessagePacket[]]; MathLink`CallFrontEnd[ TextPacket[ToString[HoldForm[FE`e], Options[stdout]]]]; ) ConsoleMessagePacket Attributes[ConsoleMessagePacket] = {Protected} ConsolePrint Constant is an attribute which indicates zero derivative of a symbol with respect to all parameters. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Constant] ConstantArray[c,n] generates a list of n copies of the element c. ConstantArray[c,{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] generates an Subscript[n, 1]\[Cross]Subscript[n, 2]\[Cross]\[Ellipsis] array of nested lists containing copies of the element c.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ConstantArray] Constants is an option for Dt which gives a list of objects to be taken as constants. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Constants] ConstrainedMax Attributes[ConstrainedMax] = {Protected} Options[ConstrainedMax] = {Tolerance -> Automatic} ConstrainedMin Attributes[ConstrainedMin] = {Protected} Options[ConstrainedMin] = {Tolerance -> Automatic} ContentsBoundingBox Attributes[ContentsBoundingBox] = {Protected} ContentSelectable is an option to constructs such as Inset, Graphics and GraphicsGroup that specifies whether and how content within them should be selectable. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ContentSelectable] ContentSize is an option for Manipulate and other functions that specifies the size of the content area to use.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ContentSize] Context[] gives the current context. Context[symbol] gives the context in which a symbol appears. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Context] ContextMenu Attributes[ContextMenu] = {Protected} Contexts[] gives a list of all contexts. Contexts["string"] gives a list of the contexts which match the string. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Contexts] ContextToFilename Attributes[ContextToFilename] = {Protected} ContextToFileName["context"] gives the string specifying the file name that is by convention associated with a particular context.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ContextToFileName] Continuation MakeBoxes[Continuation[_], FormatType_] ^:= Format[ , FormatType] Format[Continuation[_]] := Continue[] exits to the nearest enclosing Do, For or While in a procedural program. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Continue] ContinuedFraction[x,n] generates a list of the first n terms in the continued fraction representation of x. ContinuedFraction[x] generates a list of all terms that can be obtained given the precision of x. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ContinuedFraction] ContinuedFractionK[f,g,{i,Subscript[i, min],Subscript[i, max]}] represents the continued fraction \!\(\*SubsuperscriptBox["\[CapitalKappa]", RowBox[{"i", "=", SubscriptBox["i", StyleBox["min", FontSlant->"Italic"]]}], SubscriptBox["i", StyleBox["max", FontSlant->"Italic"]]] \(f/g\)\). ContinuedFractionK[g,{i,Subscript[i, min],Subscript[i, max]}] represents the continued fraction \!\(\*SubsuperscriptBox["\[CapitalKappa]", RowBox[{"i", "=", SubscriptBox["i", StyleBox["min", FontSlant->"Italic"]]}], SubscriptBox["i", StyleBox["max", FontSlant->"Italic"]]] \(1/g\)\).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ContinuedFractionK] ContinuousAction is an option for Manipulate, Slider and related functions which specifies whether action should be taken continuously while controls are being moved.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ContinuousAction] ContourGraphics[array] is a representation of a contour plot. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ContourGraphics] ContourIntegral ContourLabels is an option for contour plots which specifies how to label contours. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ContourLabels] ContourLines is an option for contour plots which specifies whether to draw explicit contour lines. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ContourLines] ContourPlot[f,{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]},{y,Subscript[y, min],Subscript[y, max]}] generates a contour plot of f as a function of x and y. ContourPlot[f==g,{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]},{y,Subscript[y, min],Subscript[y, max]}] plots contour lines for which f=g. ContourPlot[{Subscript[f, 1]==Subscript[g, 1],Subscript[f, 2]==Subscript[g, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]},{y,Subscript[y, min],Subscript[y, max]}] plots several contour lines. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ContourPlot] ContourPlot3D[f,{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]},{y,Subscript[y, min],Subscript[y, max]},{z,Subscript[z, min],Subscript[z, max]}] produces a three-dimensional contour plot of f as a function of x, y and z. ContourPlot3D[f==g,{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]},{y,Subscript[y, min],Subscript[y, max]},{z,Subscript[z, min],Subscript[z, max]}] plots the contour surface for which f=g. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ContourPlot3D] Contours is an option for contour plots that specifies the contours to draw. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Contours] ContourShading is an option for contour plots which specifies how the regions between contour lines should be shaded. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ContourShading] ContourSmoothing Attributes[ContourSmoothing] = {Protected} ContourStyle is an option for contour plots that specifies the style in which contour lines or surfaces should be drawn. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ContourStyle] ContraharmonicMean[list] gives the contraharmonic mean of the values in list. ContraharmonicMean[list,p] gives the order p Lehmer contraharmonic mean.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ContraharmonicMean] Control[{u,dom}] represents an interactive control for the variable u in the domain dom, with the type of control chosen to be appropriate for the domain specified. Control[{{u,Subscript[u, init]},dom}] represents a control with initial value Subscript[u, init].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Control] ControlActive[act,norm] evaluates to act if a control that affects act is actively being used, and to norm otherwise.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ControlActive] ControlAlignment Attributes[ControlAlignment] = {Protected, ReadProtected} ControllerDuration ControllerInformation[] gives dynamically updated information on currently connected controller devices.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ControllerInformation] ControllerInformationData Attributes[ControllerInformationData] = {Protected, ReadProtected} ControllerLinking is an option for Manipulate, Graphics3D, Plot3D and related functions which specifies whether to allow interactive control by external controllers.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ControllerLinking] ControllerManipulate[expr,{u,Subscript[u, min],Subscript[u, max]}] generates a version of expr set up to allow interactive manipulation of the value of u using an external controller device. ControllerManipulate[expr,{u,Subscript[u, min],Subscript[u, max],du}] allows the value of u to vary between Subscript[u, min] and Subscript[u, max] in steps du. ControllerManipulate[expr,{{u,Subscript[u, init]},Subscript[u, min],Subscript[u, max],\[Ellipsis]}] takes the initial value of u to be Subscript[u, init]. ControllerManipulate[expr,{u,{Subscript[u, 1],Subscript[u, 2],\[Ellipsis]}}] allows u to take on discrete values Subscript[u, 1], Subscript[u, 2], \[Ellipsis]. ControllerManipulate[expr,{u,\[Ellipsis]},{v,\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]] allows each of the u, v, \[Ellipsis] to be manipulated by the external controller device. ControllerManipulate[expr,Subscript[c, u]->{u,\[Ellipsis]},Subscript[c, v]->{v,\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]] links the parameters to the specified controllers on the external controller device.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ControllerManipulate] ControllerMethod is an option for Manipulate, Graphics3D, Plot3D and related functions that specifies the default way that controls on an external controller device should apply.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ControllerMethod] ControllerPath is an option which gives a list of external controllers or classes of controllers to try for functions such as ControllerState, Manipulate and Graphics3D.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ControllerPath] ControllerState["c"] gives the state of the control c for the first connected controller device on which it is supported. ControllerState[{"Subscript[c, 1]","Subscript[c, 2]",\[Ellipsis]}] gives the states of several controls. ControllerState[id,"c"] gives the state of control c for controller devices with the specified identifier. ControllerState[id,{"Subscript[c, 1]","Subscript[c, 2]",\[Ellipsis]}] gives the states of several controls for several controller devices.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ControllerState] ControlPlacement is an option for Manipulate, TabView and other control objects that specifies where controls should be placed.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ControlPlacement] ControlsRendering is a Style option that specifies how controls should be rendered.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ControlsRendering] ControlType is an option for Manipulate and related functions that specifies what type of controls should be displayed.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ControlType] Convergents[list] gives a list of the convergents corresponding to the continued fraction terms list. Convergents[x,n] gives the first n convergents for a number x. Convergents[x] gives if possible all convergents leading to the number x.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Convergents] ConversionOptions is an option to Import and Export used to pass special options to a particular format.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ConversionOptions] ConversionRules is an option for Cell which can be set to a list of rules specifying how the contents of the cell are to be converted to external formats. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ConversionRules] ConvertToBitmapPacket Attributes[ConvertToBitmapPacket] = {Protected} ConvertToPostScript Attributes[ConvertToPostScript] = {Protected} ConvertToPostScriptPacket is an internal symbol used for formatting. Convolve[f,g,x,y] gives the convolution with respect to x of the expressions f and g. Convolve[f,g,{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multidimensional convolution.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Convolve] CoordinatesToolOptions is an option for Graphics that gives values of options associated with the Get Coordinates tool.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CoordinatesToolOptions] CoprimeQ[Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2]] yields True if Subscript[n, 1] and Subscript[n, 2] are relatively prime, and yields False otherwise. CoprimeQ[Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]] yields True if all pairs of the Subscript[n, i] are relatively prime, and yields False otherwise. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CoprimeQ] Coproduct[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[Coproduct]y\[Coproduct]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Coproduct] Copyable is an option for Cell which specifies whether a cell can be copied interactively using the front end. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Copyable] CopyDirectory[Subscript[dir, 1],Subscript[dir, 2]] copies the directory Subscript[dir, 1] to Subscript[dir, 2]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CopyDirectory] CopyFile[Subscript[file, 1],Subscript[file, 2]] copies Subscript[file, 1] to Subscript[file, 2]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CopyFile] CopyTag Attributes[CopyTag] = {Protected} CornerNeighbors is an option for various array and image processing functions that specifies whether diagonally adjacent corners should be considered neighbors of particular elements. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CornerNeighbors] Correlation[Subscript[v, 1],Subscript[v, 2]] gives the correlation between the vectors Subscript[v, 1] and Subscript[v, 2]. Correlation[m] gives the correlation matrix for the matrix m. Correlation[Subscript[m, 1],Subscript[m, 2]] gives the correlation matrix for the matrices Subscript[m, 1] and Subscript[m, 2].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Correlation] CorrelationDistance[u,v] gives the correlation coefficient distance between vectors u and v.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CorrelationDistance] Cos[z] gives the cosine of z. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Cos] Cosh[z] gives the hyperbolic cosine of z. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Cosh] CoshIntegral[z] gives the hyperbolic cosine integral Chi(z).* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CoshIntegral] CosineDistance[u,v] gives the angular cosine distance between vectors u and v.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CosineDistance] CosIntegral[z] gives the cosine integral function Ci(z). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CosIntegral] Cot[z] gives the cotangent of z. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Cot] Coth[z] gives the hyperbolic cotangent of z. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Coth] Count[list,pattern] gives the number of elements in list that match pattern. Count[expr,pattern,levelspec] gives the total number of subexpressions matching pattern that appear at the levels in expr specified by levelspec. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Count] CounterAssignments is an option for selections that sets the value of a specified counter.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CounterAssignments] CounterBox Attributes[CounterBox] = {Protected, ReadProtected} CounterBoxOptions Attributes[CounterBoxOptions] = {Protected} CounterClockwiseContourIntegral CounterEvaluator Attributes[CounterEvaluator] = {Protected} CounterFunction is an option for counters that specifies the symbols used to display the value of the counter.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CounterFunction] CounterIncrements is an option for selections that specifies whether the value of a specified counter is incremented by one.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CounterIncrements] CounterStyle Attributes[CounterStyle] = {Protected} CounterStyleMenuListing is an option for cells that specifies what counter styles are listed in the Counter popup menu of the Create Automatic Numbering Object dialog box.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CounterStyleMenuListing] CountRoots[poly,x] gives the number of real roots of the polynomial poly in x. CountRoots[poly,{x,a,b}] gives the number of roots between a and b. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CountRoots] CountryData["tag","property"] gives the value of the specified property for the country, country-like entity, or group of countries specified by "tag". CountryData["tag",{property,\[Ellipsis],dates}] gives time series for certain economic and other properties.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CountryData] Covariance[Subscript[v, 1],Subscript[v, 2]] gives the covariance between lists Subscript[v, 1] and Subscript[v, 2]. Covariance[m] gives the covariance matrix for the matrix m. Covariance[Subscript[m, 1],Subscript[m, 2]] gives the covariance matrix for the matrices Subscript[m, 1] and Subscript[m, 2].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Covariance] CovarianceEstimatorFunction is an option for generalized linear model fitting functions which specifies the estimator for the parameter covariance matrix.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CovarianceEstimatorFunction] CreateDialog[expr] creates a dialog notebook containing expr, and opens it in the front end. CreateDialog[expr,obj] replaces the notebook represented by the notebook object obj with the one obtained from expr.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CreateDialog] CreateDirectory["dir"] creates a directory with name dir. CreateDirectory[] creates a directory in the default area for temporary directories on your computer system.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CreateDirectory] CreateDocument[] creates an empty document notebook and opens it in the front end. CreateDocument[expr] creates and opens a document notebook containing the expression expr. CreateDocument[{Subscript[expr, 1],Subscript[expr, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] creates and opens a document notebook consisting of a sequence of cells containing the Subscript[expr, i]. CreateDocument[expr,obj] replaces the notebook represented by the notebook object obj with the one obtained from expr.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CreateDocument] CreateIntermediateDirectories is an option for CreateDirectory and related functions which specifies whether to create intermediate directories in a directory path specified.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CreateIntermediateDirectories] CreatePalette[expr] creates a palette notebook containing expr, and opens it in the front end. CreatePalette[{Subscript[expr, 1],Subscript[expr, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] creates and opens a palette notebook consisting of a sequence of cells containing the Subscript[expr, i]. CreatePalette[expr,obj] replaces the notebook represented by the notebook object obj with the one obtained from expr.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CreatePalette] CreatePalettePacket Attributes[CreatePalettePacket] = {Protected} CreateWindow[] creates an empty window in the front end. CreateWindow[nb] creates a window displaying the notebook expression nb, and opens it in the front end. CreateWindow[nb,obj] replaces the notebook represented by the notebook object obj with the one obtained from expr.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CreateWindow] CriticalSection[{Subscript[var, 1],Subscript[var, 2], \[Ellipsis]}, expr] locks the variables Subscript[var, i] with respect to parallel computation, evaluates expr, then releases the Subscript[var, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CriticalSection] Cross[a,b] gives the vector cross product of a and b. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Cross] CrossMatrix[r] gives a matrix whose elements are 1 in a centered cross-shaped region that extends r positions along each index direction, and are 0 otherwise. CrossMatrix[r,w] gives a w*w matrix containing a cross-shaped region of 1s. CrossMatrix[{Subscript[r, 1],Subscript[r, 2],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]] yields an array whose elements are 1 in a centered cross-shaped region that extends Subscript[r, i] positions in the i\[Null]^th index direction.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CrossMatrix] Csc[z] gives the cosecant of z. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Csc] Csch[z] gives the hyperbolic cosecant of z. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Csch] Cubics is an option for functions that involve solving algebraic equations, that specifies whether explicit forms for solutions to cubic equations should be given.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Cubics] Cuboid[{Subscript[x, min],Subscript[y, min],Subscript[z, min]}] is a three-dimensional graphics primitive that represents a unit cuboid, oriented parallel to the axes. Cuboid[{Subscript[x, min],Subscript[y, min],Subscript[z, min]},{Subscript[x, max],Subscript[y, max],Subscript[z, max]}] specifies a cuboid by giving the coordinates of opposite corners. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Cuboid] CuboidBox Attributes[CuboidBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} Cup[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[Cup]y\[Cup]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Cup] CupCap[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[CupCap]y\[CupCap]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CupCap] CurlyDoubleQuote CurlyQuote CurrentlySpeakingPacket Attributes[CurrentlySpeakingPacket] = {Protected} CurrentValue[item] gives the current value of item at a location in the Mathematica system and interface. CurrentValue[{item,spec}] gives the current value for the feature of item specified by spec. CurrentValue[obj,item] gives the current value of item associated with the object obj. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CurrentValue] Cyan represents the color cyan in graphics or style specifications. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Cyan] Cyclotomic[n,x] gives the n\[Null]^th cyclotomic polynomial in x. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Cyclotomic] Cylinder[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[z, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],Subscript[z, 2]}},r] represents a cylinder of radius r around the line from (Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[z, 1]) to (Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],Subscript[z, 2]). Cylinder[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[z, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],Subscript[z, 2]}}] represents a cylinder of radius 1. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Cylinder] CylinderBox Attributes[CylinderBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} CylindricalDecomposition[ineqs,{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] finds a decomposition of the region represented by the inequalities ineqs into cylindrical parts whose directions correspond to the successive Subscript[x, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/CylindricalDecomposition] C$ Attributes[C$] = {Temporary} D[n] returns the dihedral group of index n with order 2n. See Dihedral for more information. The standard (built-in) usage still exists: D[f, x] gives the partial derivative of f with respect to x. D[f, {x, n}] gives the nth partial derivative with respect to x. D[f, x1, x2, ...] gives a mixed derivative.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/D] DamerauLevenshteinDistance[u,v] gives the Damerau\[Dash]Levenshtein distance between strings or vectors u and v.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DamerauLevenshteinDistance] DampingFactor is an option for FindRoot, which can be used to control convergence behavior. DampingFactor -> n uses a damping factor of n in Newton's method. Darker[color] represents a darker version of the specified color. Darker[color,f] represents a version of the specified color darkened by a fraction f. Darker[image,\[Ellipsis]] gives a darker version of an image.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Darker] Dashed is a graphics directive that specifies that lines which follow should be drawn dashed.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Dashed] Dashing[{Subscript[r, 1],Subscript[r, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] is a two-dimensional graphics directive which specifies that lines which follow are to be drawn dashed, with successive segments of lengths Subscript[r, 1], Subscript[r, 2], \[Ellipsis] (repeated cyclically). The Subscript[r, i] are given as a fraction of the total width of the graph. Dashing[r] is equivalent to Dashing[{r,r}]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Dashing] DataRange is an option for functions such as ListPlot and ListDensityPlot that specifies what range of actual coordinates the data should be assumed to occupy. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DataRange] DataReversed is an option for ArrayPlot and related functions which specifies whether data should be plotted in reverse order.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DataReversed] Date[] gives the current local date and time in the form {year,month,day,hour,minute,second}. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Date] DateDelimiters Attributes[DateDelimiters] = {Protected} DateDifference[Subscript[date, 1],Subscript[date, 2]] gives the number of days from Subscript[date, 1] to Subscript[date, 2]. DateDifference[Subscript[date, 1], Subscript[date, 2],"unit"] gives the difference between Subscript[date, 1] and Subscript[date, 2] in the specified unit. DateDifference[Subscript[date, 1],Subscript[date, 2],{"Subscript[unit, 1]","Subscript[unit, 2]",\[Ellipsis]}] gives the difference as a list with elements corresponding to the successive "Subscript[unit, i]".*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DateDifference] DateFunction is an option for DateListPlot which specifies how dates given as input should be converted to date lists.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DateFunction] DateList[] gives the current local date and time in the form {year,month,day,hour,minute,second}. DateList[time] gives a date list corresponding to an AbsoluteTime specification. DateList[{y,m,d,h,m,s}] converts a date list to standard normalized form. DateList["string"] converts a date string to a date list. DateList[{"string",{"Subscript[e, 1]","Subscript[e, 2]",\[Ellipsis]}}] gives the date list obtained by extracting elements "Subscript[e, i]" from "string".*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DateList] DateListLogPlot[{{Subscript[date, 1],Subscript[v, 1]},{Subscript[date, 2],Subscript[v, 2]},\[Ellipsis]] makes a log plot with values Subscript[v, i] at a sequence of dates. DateListLogPlot[{Subscript[v, 1],Subscript[v, 2],\[Ellipsis]},datespec] makes a log plot with dates at equal intervals specified by datespec. DateListLogPlot[{Subscript[list, 1],Subscript[list, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots several lists of values.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DateListLogPlot] DateListPlot[{{Subscript[date, 1],Subscript[v, 1]},{Subscript[date, 2],Subscript[v, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] plots points with values Subscript[v, i] at a sequence of dates. DateListPlot[{Subscript[v, 1],Subscript[v, 2],\[Ellipsis]},datespec] plots points with dates at equal intervals specified by datespec. DateListPlot[{Subscript[list, 1],Subscript[list, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots several lists of values.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DateListPlot] DatePattern[{"Subscript[e, 1]","Subscript[e, 2]",\[Ellipsis]}] represents the characters of a date with elements of type "Subscript[e, i]" in StringExpression. DatePattern[{"Subscript[e, 1]","Subscript[e, 2]",\[Ellipsis]},sep] allows separators that match the string expression sep.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DatePattern] DatePlus[date,n] gives the date n days after date. DatePlus[date,{n,"unit"}] gives the date n units after date. DatePlus[date,{{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[unit, 1]},{Subscript[n, 2],Subscript[unit, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] gives a date offset by Subscript[n, i] units of each specified size. DatePlus[n] gives the date n days after the current date. DatePlus[offset] gives the date with the specified offset from the current date.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DatePlus] DateString[] gives a string representing the complete current local date and time. DateString["elem"] gives the specified element or format for date and time. DateString[{"Subscript[elem, 1]","Subscript[elem, 2]",\[Ellipsis]}] concatenates the specified elements in the order given. DateString[{y, m, d, h, m, s}] gives a string corresponding to a DateList specification. DateString[time] gives a string corresponding to an AbsoluteTime specification. DateString[spec,elems] gives elements elems of the date or time specification spec.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DateString] DateTicksFormat is an option for DateListPlot which specifies how date tick labels should be formatted.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DateTicksFormat] DawsonF[z] gives the Dawson integral F(z).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DawsonF] Debug Attributes[Debug] = {HoldFirst, Protected} DebugTag Attributes[DebugTag] = {HoldAllComplete, Protected} Decimal is a setting for the ColumnAlignments option of GridBox which states that numbers should align along the decimal place. DeclareKnownSymbols DeclareKnownSymbols[FrontEnd`Private`l_] := MathLink`CallFrontEnd[ FrontEnd`UpdateKernelSymbolContexts[$Context, FrontEnd`Private`ResolvedContextPath[], {{$Context, {}, {}, FrontEnd`Private`l, {}}}]] DeclarePackage["context`",{"Subscript[name, 1]","Subscript[name, 2]",\[Ellipsis]}] declares that Needs["context`"] should automatically be executed if a symbol with any of the specified names is ever used. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DeclarePackage] Decompose[poly,x] decomposes a polynomial, if possible, into a composition of simpler polynomials. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Decompose] x-- decreases the value of x by 1, returning the old value of x. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Decrement] DedekindEta[\[Tau]] gives the Dedekind eta modular elliptic function \[Eta](\[Tau]).* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DedekindEta] Default[f] gives the default value for arguments of the function f obtained with a _. pattern object. Default[f,i] gives the default value to use when _. appears as the i^th argument of f. Default[f,i,n] gives the default value for the i^th argument out of a total of n arguments. Default[f,\[Ellipsis]]=val defines default values for arguments of f.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Default] DefaultAxesStyle is a low-level option for graphics functions that specifies the default style to use in displaying axes and axes-like constructs.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultAxesStyle] DefaultBaseStyle is a low-level option for formatting and related constructs that specifies a default base style to use before BaseStyle.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultBaseStyle] DefaultBoxStyle is a low-level option for three-dimensional graphics functions that specifies the default style to use in rendering the bounding box.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultBoxStyle] DefaultButton[] represents an OK button that closes a dialog, and is the default when Enter is pressed in the dialog. DefaultButton[action] represents a button that is labeled OK, and whose action is to evaluate action. DefaultButton[label,action] uses label as the label for the button.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultButton] DefaultColor is an option for graphics functions which specifies the default color to use for lines, points, etc. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultColor] DefaultControlPlacement Attributes[DefaultControlPlacement] = {Protected} DefaultDuplicateCellStyle is a notebook option which specifies the default style to use for cells created by automatic duplication of other cells in the notebook. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultDuplicateCellStyle] DefaultDuration is an option to Animate and related functions which specifies the default total duration of the animation in seconds.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultDuration] DefaultElement is an option for Grid and related constructs which specifies what to insert when a new element is interactively created.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultElement] DefaultFont Attributes[DefaultFont] = {Protected} DefaultFontProperties is a global option that specifies various properties of a font family, such as its character encoding and whether it is monospaced.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultFontProperties] DefaultFormatType is an option for cells that specifies the format used for displaying expressions in a newly created cell.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultFormatType] DefaultFormatTypeForStyle Attributes[DefaultFormatTypeForStyle] = {Protected} DefaultFrameStyle is a low-level option for graphics and related constructs that specifies the default style to use in displaying their frames.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultFrameStyle] DefaultInlineFormatType is an option for cells that specifies the format used for displaying expressions in a newly created inline cell.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultInlineFormatType] DefaultInputFormatType Attributes[DefaultInputFormatType] = {Protected} DefaultLabelStyle is a low-level option for formatting and related constructs that specifies the default style to use in displaying their label-like elements.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultLabelStyle] DefaultNaturalLanguage is an option for character selections that specifies the language used when checking the spelling of a word in a human natural language selection.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultNaturalLanguage] DefaultNewCellStyle is a notebook option which specifies the default style to use for new cells created in the notebook. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultNewCellStyle] DefaultNewInlineCellStyle is an option for cells which specifies the default style to use for new inline cells created in the notebook.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultNewInlineCellStyle] DefaultNotebook is a global option that specifies which notebook is used as a template for all new notebooks.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultNotebook] DefaultOptions is a style option which allows default options to be specified for particular formatting and related constructs. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultOptions] DefaultOutputFormatType Attributes[DefaultOutputFormatType] = {Protected} DefaultStyle Attributes[DefaultStyle] = {Protected} DefaultStyleDefinitions is a global option that specifies the default stylesheet for all new notebooks.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DefaultStyleDefinitions] DefaultTextFormatType Attributes[DefaultTextFormatType] = {Protected} DefaultTextInlineFormatType Attributes[DefaultTextInlineFormatType] = {Protected} DefaultValues[f] gives a list of transformation rules corresponding to all defaults (values for Default[f[x,\[Ellipsis]],\[Ellipsis]], etc.) defined for the symbol f. Defer[expr] yields an object that displays as the unevaluated form of expr, but which is evaluated if it is explicitly given as Mathematica input. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Defer] DefineExternal Attributes[DefineExternal] = {ReadProtected} Definition[symbol] prints as the definitions given for a symbol. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Definition] Degree[PolynomialsOver[R], p] determines the degree of the polynomial p when viewed as an element in the ring of polynomials over the Ringoid R. Degree[p] assumes p is defined in some ring of polynomials. The standard (built-in) usage still exists: Degree gives the number of radians in one degree. It has a numerical value of Pi/180.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Degree] DegreeLexicographic represents the degree lexicographic ordering of monomials. DegreeReverseLexicographic represents the degree reverse lexicographic ordering of monomials. Deinitialization is an option for Dynamic, DynamicModule, Manipulate and related constructs, which specifies an expression to be evaluated when the construct can no longer be displayed or used. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Deinitialization] Del[x] displays as \[Del]x.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Del] Deletable is an option for Cell which specifies whether the cell can be deleted interactively using the front end. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Deletable] Delete[expr,n] deletes the element at position n in expr. If n is negative, the position is counted from the end. Delete[expr,{i,j,\[Ellipsis]}] deletes the part at position {i,j,\[Ellipsis]}. Delete[expr,{{Subscript[i, 1],Subscript[j, 1],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[i, 2],Subscript[j, 2],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] deletes parts at several positions. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Delete] DeleteCases[expr,pattern] removes all elements of expr which match pattern. DeleteCases[expr,pattern,levelspec] removes all parts of expr on levels specified by levelspec which match pattern. DeleteCases[expr,pattern,levelspec,n] removes the first n parts of expr which match pattern. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DeleteCases] DeleteContents is an option for DeleteDirectory that specifies whether the contents of directories should automatically be deleted.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DeleteContents] DeleteDirectory["dir"] deletes the specified directory. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DeleteDirectory] DeleteDuplicates[list] deletes all duplicates from list. DeleteDuplicates[list,test] applies test to pairs of elements to determine whether they should be considered duplicates. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DeleteDuplicates] DeleteFile["file"] deletes a file. DeleteFile[{"Subscript[file, 1]","Subscript[file, 2]",\[Ellipsis]}] deletes a list of files. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DeleteFile] DeletionWarning is an option for InterpretationBox or TagBox objects that specifies whether a warning is issued if the box is deleted.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DeletionWarning] Delimiter represents a delimiter to be displayed in objects such as PopupMenu and Manipulate. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Delimiter] DelimiterFlashTime is an option for cells and notebooks which specifies how long in seconds a delimiter should flash when its matching delimiter is entered. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DelimiterFlashTime] DelimiterMatching is an option for selections that specifies whether an opening delimiter will match only its respective closing delimiter or any closing delimiter.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DelimiterMatching] Delimiters is an option to Splice that specifies the delimiters to look for. The default is Delimiters -> {"<*", "*>"}. Denominator[expr] gives the denominator of expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Denominator] DensityGraphics[array] is a representation of a density plot. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DensityGraphics] DensityPlot[f,{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]},{y,Subscript[y, min],Subscript[y, max]}] makes a density plot of f as a function of x and y. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DensityPlot] DependentVariables is an option which specifies the list of all objects that should be considered as dependent variables in equations that have been supplied.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DependentVariables] Deploy[expr] yields a deployed version of expr in which elements such as Slider, InputField, Locator and Button are active, but general editing and selection is disabled. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Deploy] Deployed is an option for displayed objects, cells and notebooks which specifies whether their contents should be considered deployed, so that elements such as Slider, InputField, Locator and Button are active, but general editing and selection is disabled. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Deployed] Depth[expr] gives the maximum number of indices needed to specify any part of expr, plus one. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Depth] f' represents the derivative of a function f of one argument. Derivative[Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]][f] is the general form, representing a function obtained from f by differentiating Subscript[n, 1] times with respect to the first argument, Subscript[n, 2] times with respect to the second argument, and so on. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Derivative] DesignMatrix[{{Subscript[x, 11],Subscript[x, 12],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[x, 21],Subscript[x, 22],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[y, 2]},\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[f, 1],Subscript[f, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] constructs the design matrix for the linear model Subscript[\[Beta], 0]+Subscript[\[Beta], 1] Subscript[f, 1]+Subscript[\[Beta], 2] Subscript[f, 2]+\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DesignMatrix] Det[R, A] returns the determinant of the square matrix A over the Ringoid R. Det[MatricesOver[R,{n,n}],A] is equivalent to Det[R, A]. The standard (built-in) usage still exists: Det[m] gives the determinant of the square matrix m.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Det] DiacriticalPositioning is an option for UnderscriptBox and related boxes that specifies how close diacritical characters are drawn to the base character.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DiacriticalPositioning] Diagonal[m] gives the list of elements on the leading diagonal of the matrix m. Diagonal[m,k] gives the elements on the k\[Null]^th diagonal of m.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Diagonal] DiagonalMatrix[list] gives a matrix with the elements of list on the leading diagonal, and 0 elsewhere. DiagonalMatrix[list,k] gives a matrix with the elements of list on the k\[Null]^th diagonal. DiagonalMatrix[list,k,n] pads with 0s to create an n*n matrix.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DiagonalMatrix] Dialog[] initiates a dialog. Dialog[expr] initiates a dialog with expr as the current value of %. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Dialog] DialogIndent MakeBoxes[DialogIndent[_], FormatType_] ^= Format[, FormatType] Format[DialogIndent[_]] = DialogInput[expr] interactively puts up expr as a dialog notebook, waits until a DialogReturn[e] is evaluated from within it, and then returns the result e. DialogInput[{x=Subscript[x, 0],y=Subscript[y, 0],\[Ellipsis]},expr] sets up local variables x, y, \[Ellipsis] in expr.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DialogInput] DialogLevel Attributes[DialogLevel] = {Protected} DialogNotebook[{Subscript[cell, 1],Subscript[cell, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] represents a dialog notebook that can be manipulated by the Mathematica front end. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DialogNotebook] DialogProlog is an option for Dialog which can give an expression to evaluate before the dialog starts. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DialogProlog] DialogReturn[expr] closes a dialog window, returning the expression expr from the dialog. DialogReturn[] closes a dialog window, returning Null.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DialogReturn] DialogSymbols is an option for Dialog which gives a list of symbols whose values should be localized in the dialog. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DialogSymbols] Diamond[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[Diamond]y\[Diamond]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Diamond] DiamondMatrix[r] gives a matrix whose elements are 1 in a diamond-shaped region that extends r index positions to each side, and are 0 otherwise. DiamondMatrix[r,w] gives a w*w matrix containing a diamond-shaped region of 1s. DiamondMatrix[{Subscript[r, 1],Subscript[r, 2],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]] yields an array whose elements are 1 in a diamond-shaped region that extends Subscript[r, i] index positions in the i\[Null]^th direction.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DiamondMatrix] DiceDissimilarity[x,y] gives the dice dissimilarity between Boolean vectors x and y.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DiceDissimilarity] DictionaryLookup[patt] finds all words in an English dictionary that match the string pattern patt. DictionaryLookup[patt,n] gives only the first n words found. DictionaryLookup[{"lang",patt}] finds words in the language specified by lang.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DictionaryLookup] DifferenceDelta[f,i] gives the discrete difference \!\(\*SubscriptBox[\(\[DifferenceDelta]\), \(i\)]\ f\)=f (i+1)-f (i). DifferenceDelta[f,{i,n}] gives the multiple difference \!\(\*SubsuperscriptBox[\(\[DifferenceDelta]\), \(i\), \(n\)]\((f)\)\). DifferenceDelta[f,{i,n,h}] gives the multiple difference with step h. DifferenceDelta[f,i,j,\[Ellipsis]] computes the partial difference with respect to i,j,\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DifferenceDelta] DifferenceOrder Attributes[DifferenceOrder] = {Protected} DifferenceRoot[lde] represents a function that solves the linear difference equation specified by lde[a,n].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DifferenceRoot] DifferenceRootReduce[expr,n] attempts to reduce expr to a single DifferenceRoot object as a function of n.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DifferenceRootReduce] Differences[list] gives the successive differences of elements in list. Differences[list,n] gives the n\[Null]^th differences of list. Differences[list,{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the successive Subscript[n, k]\[Null]^th differences at level k in a nested list. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Differences] DifferentialD[x] displays as \[DifferentialD]x.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DifferentialD] DifferentialRoot[lde] represents a function that solves the linear differential equation specified by lde[y,x].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DifferentialRoot] DifferentialRootReduce[expr,x] attempts to reduce expr to a single DifferentialRoot object as a function of x. DifferentialRootReduce[expr,{x,Subscript[x, 0]}] takes the initial conditions to be specified at x=Subscript[x, 0].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DifferentialRootReduce] DigitBlock is an option for NumberForm and related functions which specifies the maximum length of blocks of digits between breaks. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DigitBlock] DigitBlockMinimum Attributes[DigitBlockMinimum] = {Protected} DigitCharacter represents a digit character 0\[Dash]9 in StringExpression. \ *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DigitCharacter] DigitCount[n,b,d] gives the number of d digits in the base b representation of n. DigitCount[n,b] gives a list of the numbers of 1, 2, \[Ellipsis], b-1, 0 digits in the base b representation of n. DigitCount[n] gives a list of the numbers of 1, 2, \[Ellipsis], 9, 0 digits in the base 10 representation of n. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DigitCount] DigitQ[string] yields True if all the characters in the string are digits in the range 0 through 9, and yields False otherwise. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DigitQ] Dilation[image,ker] gives the morphological dilation of image with respect to the structuring element ker. Dilation[image,r] gives the dilation with respect to a range r square.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Dilation] Dimensions[expr] gives a list of the dimensions of expr. Dimensions[expr,n] gives a list of the dimensions of expr down to level n. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Dimensions] DiracComb[x] represents the Dirac comb function giving a delta function at every integer point. DiracComb[Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]] represents the multidimensional Dirac comb function.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DiracComb] DiracDelta[x] represents the Dirac delta function \[Delta](x). DiracDelta[Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]] represents the multidimensional Dirac delta function \[Delta](Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DiracDelta] DirectedEdges is an option for GraphPlot and related functions which specifies whether edges should by default be drawn as directed arrows, or as undirected lines.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DirectedEdges] DirectedInfinity[] represents an infinite numerical quantity whose direction in the complex plane is unknown. DirectedInfinity[z] represents an infinite numerical quantity that is a positive real multiple of the complex number z. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DirectedInfinity] Direction is an option for Limit that specifies the direction in which the limit is taken.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Direction] Directive[Subscript[g, 1],Subscript[g, 2],\[Ellipsis]] represents a single graphics directive composed of the directives Subscript[g, 1], Subscript[g, 2], \[Ellipsis].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Directive] Directory[] gives the current working directory. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Directory] DirectoryName["name"] extracts the directory name from the specification for a file. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DirectoryName] DirectoryQ["name"] gives True if the directory with the specified name exists, and gives False otherwise.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DirectoryQ] DirectoryStack[] gives the directory stack which represents the sequence of current directories used. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DirectoryStack] DirichletCharacter[k,j,n] gives the Dirichlet character Subscript[\[Chi], {k,j}](n) with modulus k and index j.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DirichletCharacter] DirichletConvolve[f,g,n,m] gives the Dirichlet convolution of the expressions f and g. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DirichletConvolve] DirichletL[k,j,s] gives the Dirichlet L-function L(\[Chi],s) for the Dirichlet character \[Chi](n) with modulus k and index j.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DirichletL] DirichletTransform[expr,n,s] gives the Dirichlet transform of expr with respect to n.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DirichletTransform] DisableConsolePrintPacket Attributes[DisableConsolePrintPacket] = {Protected} DiscreteConvolve[f,g,n,m] gives the convolution with respect to n of the expressions f and g. DiscreteConvolve[f,g,{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[m, 1],Subscript[m, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multidimensional convolution.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DiscreteConvolve] DiscreteDelta[Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]] gives the discrete delta function \[Delta](Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]), equal to 1 if all the Subscript[n, i] are zero, and 0 otherwise. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DiscreteDelta] DiscreteIndicator[x,Subscript[x, 1],{Subscript[u, 1],Subscript[u, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] yields the discrete indicator function, equal to 1 if x=Subscript[x, 1] and 0 if x=Subscript[u, i] for any i.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DiscreteIndicator] DiscretePlot[expr,{n,Subscript[n, max]}] generates a plot of the values of expr when n runs from 1 to Subscript[n, max]. DiscretePlot[expr,{n,Subscript[n, min],Subscript[n, max]}] generates a plot of the values of expr when n runs from Subscript[n, min] to Subscript[n, max]. DiscretePlot[expr,{n,Subscript[n, min],Subscript[n, max],dn}] uses steps dn. DiscretePlot[{Subscript[expr, 1],Subscript[expr, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{n,Subscript[n, min],Subscript[n, max]}] plots the values of all the Subscript[expr, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DiscretePlot] DiscreteRatio[f,i] gives the discrete ratio f(i+1)/f(i). DiscreteRatio[f,{i,n}] gives the multiple discrete ratio. DiscreteRatio[f,{i,n,h}] gives the multiple discrete ratio with step h. DiscreteRatio[f,i,j,\[Ellipsis]] computes the partial difference ratio with respect to i, j, \[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DiscreteRatio] DiscreteShift[f,i] gives the discrete shift \!\(\*SubscriptBox[\(\[DiscreteShift]\), \(i\)]\((f(i))\)\)\[LongEqual]f(i+1). DiscreteShift[f,{i,n}] gives the multiple shift \!\(\*SubsuperscriptBox[\(\[DiscreteShift]\), \(i\), \(n\)]\ f\). DiscreteShift[f,{i,n,h}] gives the multiple shift of step h. DiscreteShift[f,i,j,\[Ellipsis]] computes partial shifts with respect to i,j,\[Ellipsis].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DiscreteShift] DiscreteUniformDistribution[{Subscript[i, min],Subscript[i, max]}] represents a discrete uniform distribution over the integers from Subscript[i, min] to Subscript[i, max].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DiscreteUniformDistribution] Discriminant[poly,var] computes the discriminant of the polynomial poly with respect to the variable var. Discriminant[poly,var,Modulus->p] computes the discriminant modulo p.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Discriminant] Disjunction[expr,{Subscript[a, 1],Subscript[a, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the disjunction of expr over all choices of the Boolean variables Subscript[a, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Disjunction] Disk[{x,y},r] is a two-dimensional graphics primitive that represents a filled disk of radius r centered at the point x, y. Disk[{x,y}] gives a disk of radius 1. Disk[{x,y},r,{Subscript[\[Theta], 1],Subscript[\[Theta], 2]}] gives a segment of a disk. Disk[{x,y},{Subscript[r, x],Subscript[r, y]}] gives an elliptical disk with semi-axes of lengths Subscript[r, x] and Subscript[r, y], oriented parallel to the coordinate axes. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Disk] DiskBox Attributes[DiskBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} DiskMatrix[r] gives a matrix whose elements are 1 in a disk-shaped region of radius r, and are otherwise 0. DiskMatrix[r,w] gives a w*w matrix containing a disk of 1s with radius r. DiskMatrix[{Subscript[r, 1],Subscript[r, 2],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]] yields an array whose elements are 1 in an ellipsoidal region with semi-axis Subscript[r, i] in the i\[Null]^th index direction.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DiskMatrix] Dispatch[{Subscript[lhs, 1]->Subscript[rhs, 1],Subscript[lhs, 2]->Subscript[rhs, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] generates an optimized dispatch table representation of a list of rules. The object produced by Dispatch can be used to give the rules in expr/.rules. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Dispatch] DispersionEstimatorFunction is an option for generalized linear model fitting functions which specifies the estimator for the dispersion parameter.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DispersionEstimatorFunction] Display[channel,graphics] writes graphics or sound to the specified output channel in PostScript format. Display[channel,graphics,"format"] writes graphics or sound in the specified format. Display[channel,expr,"format"] writes boxes, cells or notebook expressions in the specified format. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Display] DisplayAllSteps is an option to Animate and related functions which specifies whether all frames should be displayed in an animation, even if to do so would slow the animation down.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DisplayAllSteps] DisplayEndPacket[] is a MathLink packet that indicates the end of a series of expressions relating to a postscript graphic.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DisplayEndPacket] DisplayFlushImagePacket Attributes[DisplayFlushImagePacket] = {Protected} DisplayForm[expr] prints with low-level boxes inside expr shown in explicit two-dimensional or other form. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DisplayForm] DisplayFunction is an option for graphics and sound functions that specifies a function to apply to graphics and sound objects before returning them.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DisplayFunction] DisplayPacket[] is a MathLink packet that indicates the beginning of a series of expressions related to a postscript graphic.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DisplayPacket] DisplayRules Attributes[DisplayRules] = {Protected} DisplaySetSizePacket Attributes[DisplaySetSizePacket] = {Protected} DisplayString[graphics] generates a string giving graphics or sound in PostScript format. DisplayString[graphics,"format"] generates a string giving graphics or sound in the specified format. DisplayString[expr,"format"] generates a string giving boxes, cells or notebook expressions in the specified format. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DisplayString] DisplayTemporary Attributes[DisplayTemporary] = {Protected, ReadProtected} DistanceFunction is an option for functions such as Nearest that specifies the distance value to assume between any two specified points.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DistanceFunction] DistanceTransform[image] gives the distance transform of image, in which the value of each pixel is replaced by its distance to the nearest background pixel. DistanceTransform[image,t] treats values above t as foreground.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DistanceTransform] Distribute[f[Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]]] distributes f over Plus appearing in any of the Subscript[x, i]. Distribute[expr,g] distributes over g. Distribute[expr,g,f] performs the distribution only if the head of expr is f. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Distribute] DistributeDefinitions[Subscript[s, 1],Subscript[s, 2],\[Ellipsis]] distributes all definitions for the symbols Subscript[s, i] to all parallel kernels. DistributeDefinitions["context`"] distributes definitions for all symbols in the specified context.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DistributeDefinitions] DistributionDomain Attributes[DistributionDomain] = {Protected, ReadProtected} DistributionDomainQ Attributes[DistributionDomainQ] = {Protected, ReadProtected} DistributionParameterQ Attributes[DistributionParameterQ] = {Protected, ReadProtected} Dithering Attributes[Dithering] = {Protected} x/y or Divide[x,y] is equivalent to x y^-1. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Divide] x/=c divides x by c and returns the new value of x. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DivideBy] Dividers is an option for Grid and related constructs that specifies where and how to draw divider lines.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Dividers] Divisible[n,m] yields True if n is divisible by m, and yields False if it is not. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Divisible] Divisors[n] gives a list of the integers that divide n. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Divisors] DivisorSigma[k,n] gives the divisor function Subscript[\[Sigma], k](n). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DivisorSigma] DivisorSum[n,form] represents the sum of form[i] for all i that divide n. DivisorSum[n,form,cond] includes only those divisors for which cond[i] gives True.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DivisorSum] DMSList[\[Theta]] converts an angle \[Theta] given in decimal degrees to a DMS list {degree,minute,second}. DMSList["dms"] converts a DMS string to a DMS list {degree,minute,second}. DMSList["latlong"] converts a latitude-longitude string to a pair of DMS lists.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DMSList] DMSString[\[Theta]] converts an angle \[Theta] given in decimal degrees to a degrees-minutes-seconds string. DMSString[{\[Phi],\[Lambda]}] converts latitude and longitude given in decimal degrees to a DMS latitude-longitude string. DMSString[{d,m,s}] converts a DMS list to a DMS string.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DMSString] Do[expr,{Subscript[i, max]}] evaluates expr Subscript[i, max] times. Do[expr,{i,Subscript[i, max]}] evaluates expr with the variable i successively taking on the values 1 through Subscript[i, max] (in steps of 1). Do[expr,{i,Subscript[i, min],Subscript[i, max]}] starts with i=Subscript[i, min]. Do[expr,{i,Subscript[i, min],Subscript[i, max],di}] uses steps di. Do[expr,{i,{Subscript[i, 1],Subscript[i, 2],\[Ellipsis]}}] uses the successive values Subscript[i, 1], Subscript[i, 2], \[Ellipsis]. Do[expr,{i,Subscript[i, min],Subscript[i, max]},{j,Subscript[j, min],Subscript[j, max]},\[Ellipsis]] evaluates expr looping over different values of j, etc. for each i. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Do] DockedCells is an option for notebooks which gives a list of cells that are to be displayed "docked" at the top of the notebook.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DockedCells] DocumentNotebook[{Subscript[cell, 1],Subscript[cell, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] represents a complete document notebook in the Mathematica front end. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DocumentNotebook] DOSTextFormat is an option for OpenRead, OpenWrite, and OpenAppend that specifies whether files should be opened in text mode. With DOSTextFormat -> True, Mathematica uses the normal text format for the type of computer on which Mathematica is running. Text mode typically entails translation of a text file's line-ending characters into the newline character "\n". With DOSTextFormat -> False, files are opened in "binary mode", in which no such translation is performed. On some systems, there is no difference between text mode and binary mode. Dot[R, a, b] generalizes the (scalar) dot product over a Ringoid R and computes a.b (for vectors a and b over R) using the arithmetic of R. The standard (built-in) usage still exists: a.b.c or Dot[a, b, c] gives products of vectors, matrices and tensors.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Dot] DotDashed is a graphics directive that specifies that lines which follow should be drawn dot-dashed.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DotDashed] DotEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DotEqual]y\[DotEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DotEqual] Dotted is a graphics directive that specifies that lines which follow should be drawn dotted.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Dotted] DoubleBracketingBar[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as \[LeftDoubleBracketingBar]x,y,\[Ellipsis]\[RightDoubleBracketingBar].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DoubleBracketingBar] DoubleContourIntegral DoubleDownArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DoubleDownArrow]y\[Ellipsis].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DoubleDownArrow] DoubleLeftArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DoubleLeftArrow]y\[DoubleLeftArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DoubleLeftArrow] DoubleLeftRightArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DoubleLeftRightArrow]y\[DoubleLeftRightArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DoubleLeftRightArrow] DoubleLeftTee[x,y] displays as x\[DoubleLeftTee]y. DoubleLongLeftArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DoubleLongLeftArrow]y\[DoubleLongLeftArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DoubleLongLeftArrow] DoubleLongLeftRightArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DoubleLongLeftRightArrow]y\[DoubleLongLeftRightArrow]\[Ellipsis].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DoubleLongLeftRightArrow] DoubleLongRightArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DoubleLongRightArrow]y\[DoubleLongRightArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DoubleLongRightArrow] DoubleRightArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DoubleRightArrow]y\[DoubleRightArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DoubleRightArrow] DoubleRightTee[x,y] displays as x\[DoubleRightTee]y. DoubleUpArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DoubleUpArrow]y\[DoubleUpArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DoubleUpArrow] DoubleUpDownArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DoubleUpDownArrow]y\[DoubleUpDownArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DoubleUpDownArrow] DoubleVerticalBar[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DoubleVerticalBar]y\[DoubleVerticalBar]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DoubleVerticalBar] DoublyInfinite is an option for LerchPhi. With DoublyInfinite -> True, the summation is taken from -Infinity to Infinity. With DoublyInfinite -> False, the summation is taken from zero to Infinity. Down Attributes[Down] = {Protected} DownArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DownArrow]y\[DownArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DownArrow] DownArrowBar[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DownArrowBar]y\[DownArrowBar]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DownArrowBar] DownArrowUpArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DownArrowUpArrow]y\[DownArrowUpArrow]\[Ellipsis].\ *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DownArrowUpArrow] DownLeftRightVector[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DownLeftRightVector]y\[DownLeftRightVector]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DownLeftRightVector] DownLeftTeeVector[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DownLeftTeeVector]y\[DownLeftTeeVector]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DownLeftTeeVector] DownLeftVector[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DownLeftVector]y\[DownLeftVector]\[Ellipsis].\ *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DownLeftVector] DownLeftVectorBar[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DownLeftVectorBar]y\[DownLeftVectorBar]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DownLeftVectorBar] DownRightTeeVector[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DownRightTeeVector]y\[DownRightTeeVector]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DownRightTeeVector] DownRightVector[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DownRightVector]y\[DownRightVector]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DownRightVector] DownRightVectorBar[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DownRightVectorBar]y\[DownRightVectorBar]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DownRightVectorBar] DownTee[x,y] displays as x\[DownTee]y. DownTeeArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[DownTeeArrow]y\[DownTeeArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DownTeeArrow] DownValues[f] gives a list of transformation rules corresponding to all downvalues defined for the symbol f. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DownValues] DragAndDrop is a global front end option which specifies whether to allow drag-and-drop editing. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DragAndDrop] DrawHighlighted Attributes[DrawHighlighted] = {Protected} Drop[list,n] gives list with its first n elements dropped. Drop[list,-n] gives list with its last n elements dropped. Drop[list,{n}] gives list with its n\[Null]^th element dropped. Drop[list,{m,n}] gives list with elements m through n dropped. Drop[list,{m,n,s}] gives list with elements m through n in steps of s dropped. Drop[list,Subscript[seq, 1],Subscript[seq, 2],\[Ellipsis]] gives a nested list in which elements specified by Subscript[seq, i] have been dropped at level i in list. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Drop] DSolve[eqn,y,x] solves a differential equation for the function y, with independent variable x. DSolve[{Subscript[eqn, 1],Subscript[eqn, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]},x] solves a list of differential equations. DSolve[eqn,y,{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] solves a partial differential equation. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DSolve] Dt[f,x] gives the total derivative df/dx. Dt[f] gives the total differential d f. Dt[f,{x,n}] gives the multiple derivative d^n f/d x^n. Dt[f,Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]] gives d/d Subscript[x, 1] d/d Subscript[x, 2] \[Ellipsis] f. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Dt] DualLinearProgramming Attributes[DualLinearProgramming] = {Protected} Options[DualLinearProgramming] = {Method -> Automatic, Tolerance -> Automatic} DumpGet[ "filename"] reads in a file saved with DumpSave. DumpSave["file.mx",symbol] writes definitions associated with a symbol to a file in internal Mathematica format. DumpSave["file.mx","context`"] writes out definitions associated with all symbols in the specified context. DumpSave["file.mx",{Subscript[object, 1],Subscript[object, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] writes out definitions for several symbols or contexts. DumpSave["package`",objects] chooses the name of the output file based on the computer system used. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DumpSave] Dynamic[expr] represents an object that displays as the dynamically updated current value of expr. If the displayed form of Dynamic[expr] is interactively changed or edited, an assignment expr=val is done to give expr the new value val that corresponds to the displayed form. Dynamic[expr,None] does not allow interactive changing or editing. Dynamic[expr,f] continually evaluates f[val,expr] during interactive changing or editing of val. Dynamic[expr,{f,Subscript[f, end]}] also evaluates Subscript[f, end][val,expr] when interactive changing or editing is complete. Dynamic[expr,{Subscript[f, start],f,Subscript[f, end]}] also evaluates Subscript[f, start][val,expr] when interactive changing or editing begins. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Dynamic] DynamicBox Attributes[DynamicBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} Options[DynamicBox] = {Appearance -> {Automatic, None}, AutoAction -> False, Background -> Automatic, BaseStyle -> {}, ContinuousAction -> True, DefaultBaseStyle -> {}, Editable -> False, Enabled -> Automatic, Evaluator -> Automatic, ImageSizeCache -> Automatic, BoxForm`RecursionLimit -> 256, Selectable -> Automatic, ShrinkingDelay -> 0., SingleEvaluation -> False, SynchronousUpdating -> True, TrackedSymbols -> All, UpdateInterval -> Infinity, CachedValue :> Null, Deinitialization :> None, DisplayFunction :> Identity, Initialization :> None} DynamicBoxOptions Attributes[DynamicBoxOptions] = {Protected} DynamicEvaluationTimeout Attributes[DynamicEvaluationTimeout] = {Protected} DynamicModule[{x,y,\[Ellipsis]},expr] represents an object which maintains the same local instance of the symbols x, y, \[Ellipsis] in the course of all evaluations of Dynamic objects in expr. Symbols specified in a DynamicModule will by default have their values maintained even across Mathematica sessions. DynamicModule[{x=Subscript[x, 0],y=Subscript[y, 0],\[Ellipsis]},expr] specifies initial values for x, y, \[Ellipsis]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DynamicModule] DynamicModuleBox Attributes[DynamicModuleBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} DynamicModuleBoxOptions Attributes[DynamicModuleBoxOptions] = {Protected} DynamicModuleParent Attributes[DynamicModuleParent] = {Protected, ReadProtected} DynamicModuleValues is an option for DynamicModule which stores downvalues of local symbols.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DynamicModuleValues] DynamicSetting[e] represents an object which displays as e, but is interpreted as the dynamically updated current value of Setting[e] if supplied as Mathematica input. DynamicSetting[f,e] displays as e, but is interpreted as f(e) if supplied as input.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/DynamicSetting] DynamicUpdating Attributes[DynamicUpdating] = {Protected, ReadProtected} DynamicWrapper Attributes[DynamicWrapper] = {HoldRest, Protected, ReadProtected} Options[DynamicWrapper] := {Appearance -> Automatic, AutoAction -> False, Background -> Automatic, BaseStyle -> {}, CachedValue :> Null, ContinuousAction -> True, DefaultBaseStyle -> {}, Deinitialization :> None, DisplayFunction :> Identity, Editable -> False, Enabled -> Automatic, Evaluator -> Automatic, ImageSizeCache -> Automatic, Initialization :> None, BoxForm`RecursionLimit -> 256, Selectable -> Automatic, ShrinkingDelay -> 0., SingleEvaluation -> False, SynchronousUpdating -> True, TrackedSymbols -> All, UpdateInterval -> Infinity} DynamicWrapperBox Attributes[DynamicWrapperBox] = {HoldRest, Protected, ReadProtected} DynamicWrapperBoxOptions Attributes[DynamicWrapperBoxOptions] = {Protected} E is the exponential constant e (base of natural logarithms), with numerical value \[TildeEqual]2.71828. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/E] EdgeForm[g] is a graphics directive which specifies that edges of polygons and other filled graphics objects are to be drawn using the graphics directive or list of directives g. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EdgeForm] EdgeLabeling is an option for GraphPlot and related functions which specifies whether labeling specified for edges should be displayed by default.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EdgeLabeling] EdgeRenderingFunction is an option for GraphPlot and related functions which gives a function to generate the graphics primitives to use in rendering each edge.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EdgeRenderingFunction] Editable is an option for displayed objects, cells and notebooks which specifies whether their contents can be edited interactively using the front end. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Editable] EditButtonSettings Attributes[EditButtonSettings] = {Protected} EditCellTagsSettings->{Subscript[opt, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[opt, 2]->Subscript[val, 2]} is a global option that specifies settings for the Edit Cell Tags dialog box.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EditCellTagsSettings] EditDistance[u,v] gives the edit or Levenshtein distance between strings or vectors u and v.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EditDistance] EffectiveInterestRate Attributes[EffectiveInterestRate] = {Protected, ReadProtected} Eigensystem[m] gives a list {values,vectors} of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the square matrix m. Eigensystem[{m,a}] gives the generalized eigenvalues and eigenvectors of m with respect to a. Eigensystem[m,k] gives the eigenvalues and eigenvectors for the first k eigenvalues of m. Eigensystem[{m,a},k] gives the first k generalized eigenvalues and eigenvectors.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Eigensystem] Eigenvalues[m] gives a list of the eigenvalues of the square matrix m. Eigenvalues[{m,a}] gives the generalized eigenvalues of m with respect to a. Eigenvalues[m,k] gives the first k eigenvalues of m. Eigenvalues[{m,a},k] gives the first k generalized eigenvalues.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Eigenvalues] Eigenvectors[m] gives a list of the eigenvectors of the square matrix m. Eigenvectors[{m,a}] gives the generalized eigenvectors of m with respect to a. Eigenvectors[m,k] gives the first k eigenvectors of m. Eigenvectors[{m,a},k] gives the first k generalized eigenvectors.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Eigenvectors] Element[x,dom] or x\[Element]dom asserts that x is an element of the domain dom. Element[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},dom] asserts that all the Subscript[x, i] are elements of dom. Element[patt,dom] asserts that any expression matching the pattern patt is an element of dom. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Element] ElementData["name","property"] gives the value of the specified property for the chemical element "name". ElementData[n,"property"] gives the specified property for the n\[Null]^th chemical element.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ElementData] Eliminate[eqns,vars] eliminates variables between a set of simultaneous equations. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Eliminate] EliminationOrder represents the elimination ordering of monomials. EllipticE[m] gives the complete elliptic integral E(m). EllipticE[\[Phi],m] gives the elliptic integral of the second kind E(\[Phi]\[VerticalSeparator]m). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EllipticE] EllipticExp[u,{a,b}] is the inverse for EllipticLog. It produces a list {x,y} such that u==EllipticLog[{x,y},{a,b}]. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EllipticExp] EllipticExpPrime[u,{a,b}] gives the derivative of EllipticExp[u,{a,b}] with respect to u.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EllipticExpPrime] EllipticF[\[Phi],m] gives the elliptic integral of the first kind F(\[Phi]\[VerticalSeparator]m). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EllipticF] EllipticK[m] gives the complete elliptic integral of the first kind K(m). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EllipticK] EllipticLog[{x,y},{a,b}] gives the generalized logarithm associated with the elliptic curve y^2=x^3+a x^2+b x. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EllipticLog] EllipticNomeQ[m] gives the nome q corresponding to the parameter m in an elliptic function. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EllipticNomeQ] EllipticPi[n,m] gives the complete elliptic integral of the third kind \[CapitalPi](n\[VerticalSeparator]m). EllipticPi[n,\[Phi],m] gives the incomplete elliptic integral \[CapitalPi](n;\[Phi]\[VerticalSeparator]m). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EllipticPi] EllipticReducedHalfPeriods[{u, v}] gives a reduced pair of half periods {w, w'} corresponding to the same lattice as that of {u, v}. EllipticTheta[a,u,q] gives the theta function Subscript[\[CurlyTheta], a](u,q) (a=1,\[Ellipsis],4). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EllipticTheta] EllipticThetaPrime[a,u,q] gives the derivative with respect to u of the theta function Subscript[\[CurlyTheta], a](u,q) (a=1,\[Ellipsis],4). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EllipticThetaPrime] EmitSound[snd] emits the sound snd when evaluated. EmitSound[{Subscript[snd, 1],Subscript[snd, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] emits each of the sounds Subscript[snd, i] in sequence. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EmitSound] EmphasizeSyntaxErrors Attributes[EmphasizeSyntaxErrors] = {Protected} Empty Attributes[Empty] = {Protected} EnableConsolePrintPacket Attributes[EnableConsolePrintPacket] = {Protected} Enabled is an option for objects such as Slider which specifies whether the objects should be enabled for interactive manipulation. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Enabled] Encode["source","dest"] writes an encoded version of the file source to the file dest. <>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Encode] End[] returns the present context, and reverts to the previous one. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/End] EndAdd[ ] returns the present context, and reverts to the previous one, prepending the present context to $ContextPath. EndDialogPacket[integer] is a MathLink packet indicating the end of the Dialog subsession referenced by integer.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EndDialogPacket] EndFrontEndInteractionPacket Attributes[EndFrontEndInteractionPacket] = {Protected} EndOfFile is a symbol returned by Read when it reaches the end of a file. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EndOfFile] EndOfLine represents the end of a line in a string for purposes of matching in StringExpression.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EndOfLine] EndOfString represents the end of a string for purposes of matching in StringExpression.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EndOfString] EndPackage[] restores $Context and $ContextPath to their values before the preceding BeginPackage, and prepends the current context to the list $ContextPath. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EndPackage] EngineeringForm[expr] prints with all real numbers in expr given in engineering notation. EngineeringForm[expr,n] prints with numbers given to n-digit precision. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EngineeringForm] Enter Attributes[Enter] = {Protected} EnterExpressionPacket[expr] is a MathLink packet request the evaluation of expr.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EnterExpressionPacket] EnterTextPacket[string] is a MathLink packet that requests the parsing and evaluation of string as an expression.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EnterTextPacket] Entropy[list] gives the base E information entropy of the values in list. Entropy[k,list] gives the base k information entropy.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Entropy] EntropyFilter[image,r] filters image by replacing every value by the information entropy of the values in its range r neighborhood. EntropyFilter[data,r] applies entropy filtering to an array of data.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EntropyFilter] Environment["var"] gives the value of an operating system environment variable. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Environment] Epilog is an option for graphics functions which gives a list of graphics primitives to be rendered after the main part of the graphics is rendered. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Epilog] Equal[PolynomialsOver[R], p, q] returns True or False depending on whether the polynomials p and q are equal as elements in the ring of polynomials over the Ringoid R. Equal[p, q] assumes that both p and q are well-defined in some ring of polynomials. The option IgnoreIndeterminate can be set to True (default) or False and determines whether the indeterminate used should be considered when deciding equality. The standard (built-in) usage still exists: lhs == rhs returns True if lhs and rhs are identical.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Equal] EqualColumns is an option to GridBox which specifies whether the size of the columns are all set to the size of the largest column. The default value of EqualColumns is False. EqualRows is an option to GridBox which specifies whether the size of the rows are all set to the size of the largest row. The default value of EqualRows is False. EqualTilde[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[EqualTilde]y\[EqualTilde]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EqualTilde] EquatedTo is an option for Roots, which specifies an expression to use in place of the variable in the solution. Equilibrium[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[Equilibrium]y\[Equilibrium]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Equilibrium] Equivalent[Subscript[e, 1],Subscript[e, 2],\[Ellipsis]] represents the logical equivalence Subscript[e, 1]\[DoubleLeftRightArrow]Subscript[e, 2]\[DoubleLeftRightArrow]..., giving True when all of the Subscript[e, i] are the same.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Equivalent] Erf[z] gives the error function erf(z). Erf[Subscript[z, 0],Subscript[z, 1]] gives the generalized error function erf(Subscript[z, 1])-erf(Subscript[z, 0]). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Erf] Erfc[z] gives the complementary error function erfc(z). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Erfc] Erfi[z] gives the imaginary error function erf(iz)/i. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Erfi] Erosion[image,ker] gives the morphological erosion of image with respect to the structuring element ker. Erosion[image,r] gives the erosion with respect to a range-r square.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Erosion] ErrorBox[boxes] is a low-level box construct that represents boxes that cannot be interpreted in input or output. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ErrorBox] ErrorBoxOptions->{Subscript[opt, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[opt, 2]->Subscript[val, 2],\[Ellipsis]} applies options and corresponding values.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ErrorBoxOptions] ErrorNorm Attributes[ErrorNorm] = {Protected} ErrorPacket Attributes[ErrorPacket] = {ReadProtected} ErrorsDialogSettings Attributes[ErrorsDialogSettings] = {Protected} EuclideanDistance[u,v] gives the Euclidean distance between vectors u and v.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EuclideanDistance] EulerE[n] gives the Euler number Subscript[E, n]. EulerE[n,x] gives the Euler polynomial Subscript[E, n](x). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EulerE] EulerGamma is Euler\[CloseCurlyQuote]s constant \[Gamma], with numerical value \[TildeEqual]0.577216. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EulerGamma] EulerPhi[n] gives the Euler totient function \[Phi](n). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EulerPhi] Evaluatable is an option for Cell which specifies whether a cell should be used as input to be evaluated by the Mathematica kernel. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Evaluatable] Evaluate[expr] causes expr to be evaluated even if it appears as the argument of a function whose attributes specify that it should be held unevaluated. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Evaluate] Evaluated Attributes[Evaluated] = {Protected} EvaluatePacket[expr] is a MathLink packet requesting evaluation of expr.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EvaluatePacket] EvaluationCell Attributes[EvaluationCell] = {Protected} EvaluationCompletionAction is an option for notebooks that specifies the action taken when an evaluation is completed.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EvaluationCompletionAction] EvaluationMonitor is an option for various numerical computation and plotting functions that gives an expression to evaluate whenever functions derived from the input are evaluated numerically. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EvaluationMonitor] EvaluationNotebook[] gives the notebook in which this function is being evaluated. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EvaluationNotebook] EvaluationObject[n,expr,\[Ellipsis]] represents an expression submitted for evaluation on any available parallel kernel.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EvaluationObject] EvaluationOrder Attributes[EvaluationOrder] = {Protected} Evaluator is an option for objects such as Button, Dynamic and Cell which gives the name of the kernel to use to evaluate their contents. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Evaluator] EvaluatorNames is a global option that specifies the kernels that are currently configured to perform evaluations.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EvaluatorNames] EvenQ[expr] gives True if expr is an even integer, and False otherwise. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EvenQ] EventEvaluator Attributes[EventEvaluator] = {Protected} EventHandler[expr,{Subscript[event, 1]:>Subscript[action, 1], Subscript[event, 2]:>Subscript[action, 2], \[Ellipsis]}] displays as expr, evaluating Subscript[action, i] whenever "Subscript[event, i]" occurs in connection with expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/EventHandler] EventHandlerTag Attributes[EventHandlerTag] = {Protected} ExactNumberQ[expr] returns True if expr is an exact real or complex number, and returns False otherwise.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExactNumberQ] ExactRootIsolation is an option for Root, which specifies whether exact isolating intervals rather then numeric approximations should be used to identify algebraic numbers. ExampleData["type"] gives a list of names of examples of the specified type. ExampleData[{"type","name"}] gives the default form of the named example of the specified type. ExampleData[{"type","name"},"elem"] gives the specified element or property of an example.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExampleData] Except[c] is a pattern object which represents any expression except one that matches c. Except[c,p] represents any expression that matches p but not c. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Except] ExcludedForms is an option for FullSimplify which can be set to a list of patterns for expressions that should not be touched if they are encountered at intermediate steps in the operation of FullSimplify. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExcludedForms] Exclusions is an option that specifies where to exclude in regions used by functions like Plot, Plot3D and NIntegrate.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Exclusions] ExclusionsStyle is an option to plotting functions that specifies how to render subregions excluded according to Exclusions. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExclusionsStyle] Exists[x,expr] represents the statement that there exists a value of x for which expr is True. Exists[x,cond,expr] states that there exists an x satisfying the condition cond for which expr is True. Exists[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},expr] states that there exist values for all the Subscript[x, i] for which expr is True. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Exists] Exit[] terminates a Mathematica kernel session. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Exit] ExitDialog Attributes[ExitDialog] = {Protected} Exp[z] gives the exponential of z. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Exp] Expand[expr] expands out products and positive integer powers in expr. Expand[expr,patt] leaves unexpanded any parts of expr that are free of the pattern patt. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Expand] ExpandAll[expr] expands out all products and integer powers in any part of expr. ExpandAll[expr,patt] avoids expanding parts of expr that do not contain terms matching the pattern patt. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExpandAll] ExpandDenominator[expr] expands out products and powers that appear as denominators in expr. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExpandDenominator] ExpandFileName["name"] textually expands name to have the form of an absolute file name for your operating system.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExpandFileName] ExpandNumerator[expr] expands out products and powers that appear in the numerator of expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExpandNumerator] ExpectedValue[f,list] gives the expected value of the pure function f with respect to the values in list. ExpectedValue[f,list,x] gives the expected value of the function f of x with respect to the values of list. ExpectedValue[f,dist] gives the expected value of the pure function f with respect to the symbolic distribution dist. ExpectedValue[f,dist,x] gives the expected value of the function f of x with respect to the symbolic distribution dist.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExpectedValue] ExpIntegralE[n,z] gives the exponential integral function Subscript[E, n](z). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExpIntegralE] ExpIntegralEi[z] gives the exponential integral function Ei(z). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExpIntegralEi] Exponent[PolynomialsOver[R], p] determines the degree of the polynomial p when viewed as an element in the ring of polynomials over the Ringoid R. Exponent[p] assumes p is defined in some ring of polynomials. The standard (built-in) usage still exists: Exponent[expr, form] gives the maximum power with which form appears in expr. Exponent[expr, form, h] applies h to the set of exponents with which form appears in expr.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Exponent] ExponentFunction is an option for NumberForm and related functions which determines the exponent to use in printing approximate real numbers. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExponentFunction] ExponentialDistribution[\[Lambda]] represents an exponential distribution with scale inversely proportional to parameter \[Lambda].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExponentialDistribution] ExponentialFamily is an option for GeneralizedLinearModelFit which specifies the exponential family for the model.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExponentialFamily] ExponentialGeneratingFunction[expr,n,x] gives the exponential generating function in x for the sequence whose n\[Null]^th term is given by the expression expr. ExponentialGeneratingFunction[expr,{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multidimensional exponential generating function in Subscript[x, 1], Subscript[x, 2], \[Ellipsis] whose Subscript[n, 1], Subscript[n, 2], \[Ellipsis] term is given by expr.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExponentialGeneratingFunction] ExponentialMovingAverage[list,\[Alpha]] gives the exponential moving average of list with smoothing constant \[Alpha].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExponentialMovingAverage] ExponentPosition is an option for RadicalBox that specifies the placement of the index outside a radical sign.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExponentPosition] ExponentStep is an option for NumberForm and related functions which determines in what steps exponents are taken to increase when scientific notation is used.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExponentStep] Export["file.ext",expr] exports data to a file, converting it to the format corresponding to the file extension ext. Export[file,expr,"format"] exports data in the specified format. Export[file,exprs,elems] exports data by treating exprs as elements specified by elems.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Export] ExportAutoReplacements is an option for cells that specifies which replacement rules Mathematica automatically applies when exporting text.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExportAutoReplacements] ExportPacket Attributes[ExportPacket] = {Protected} ExportString[expr,"format"] generates a string corresponding to expr exported in the specified format. ExportString[rules,{"format","Rules"}] gives explicit rules for different elements of the data to be exported. ExportString[exprs,elems] generates a string by treating exprs as elements specified by elems.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExportString] Expression is a symbol that represents an ordinary Mathematica expression in Read and related functions. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Expression] ExpressionCell[expr] gives an expression cell that can appear in a Mathematica notebook. ExpressionCell[expr,"style"] gives an expression cell with the specified style.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExpressionCell] ExpressionPacket Attributes[ExpressionPacket] = {Protected} ExpToTrig[expr] converts exponentials in expr to trigonometric functions. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExpToTrig] ExtendedGCD[Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]] gives the extended greatest common divisor of the integers Subscript[n, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExtendedGCD] Extension is an option for various polynomial and algebraic functions that specifies generators for the algebraic number field to be used. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Extension] ExternalCall Attributes[ExternalCall] = {ReadProtected} ExternalDataCharacterEncoding is a global option that specifies the character encoding used in reading and writing plain text data outside of Mathematica.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExternalDataCharacterEncoding] Extract[expr,list] extracts the part of expr at the position specified by list. Extract[expr,{Subscript[list, 1],Subscript[list, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] extracts a list of parts of expr. Extract[expr,list,h] extracts parts of expr, wrapping each of them with head h before evaluation. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Extract] ExtremeValueDistribution[\[Alpha],\[Beta]] represents an extreme value distribution with location parameter \[Alpha] and scale parameter \[Beta].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ExtremeValueDistribution] FaceForm[g] is a graphics directive which specifies that faces of polygons and other filled graphics objects are to be drawn using the graphics directive or list of directives g. FaceForm[g,gback] specifies that the front faces of three-dimensional polygons should be drawn with directives g, and the backs with directives gback. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FaceForm] FaceGrids is an option for three-dimensional graphics functions that specifies grid lines to draw on the faces of the bounding box. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FaceGrids] FaceGridsStyle is an option for 3D graphics functions that specifies how face grids should be rendered.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FaceGridsStyle] Factor[poly] factors a polynomial over the integers. Factor[poly,Modulus->p] factors a polynomial modulo a prime p. Factor[poly,Extension->{Subscript[a, 1],Subscript[a, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] factors a polynomial allowing coefficients that are rational combinations of the algebraic numbers Subscript[a, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Factor] FactorComplete Attributes[FactorComplete] = {Protected} n! gives the factorial of n. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Factorial] n!! gives the double factorial of n. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Factorial2] FactorialPower[x,n] gives the factorial power x^(n). FactorialPower[x,n,h] gives the step-h factorial power x^(n, h).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FactorialPower] FactorInteger[n] gives a list of the prime factors of the integer n, together with their exponents. FactorInteger[n,k] does partial factorization, pulling out at most k distinct factors.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FactorInteger] FactorList[poly] gives a list of the factors of a polynomial, together with their exponents. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FactorList] FactorSquareFree[poly] pulls out any multiple factors in a polynomial. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FactorSquareFree] FactorSquareFreeList[poly] gives a list of square-free factors of a polynomial, together with their exponents. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FactorSquareFreeList] FactorTerms[poly] pulls out any overall numerical factor in poly. FactorTerms[poly,x] pulls out any overall factor in poly that does not depend on x. FactorTerms[poly,{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] pulls out any overall factor in poly that does not depend on any of the Subscript[x, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FactorTerms] FactorTermsList[poly] gives a list in which the first element is the overall numerical factor in poly, and the second element is the polynomial with the overall factor removed. FactorTermsList[poly,{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives a list of factors of poly. The first element in the list is the overall numerical factor. The second element is a factor that does not depend on any of the Subscript[x, i]. Subsequent elements are factors which depend on progressively more of the Subscript[x, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FactorTermsList] Fail Attributes[Fail] = {Locked, Protected} False is the symbol for the Boolean value false. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/False] FEDisableConsolePrintPacket Attributes[FEDisableConsolePrintPacket] = {Protected} FEEnableConsolePrintPacket Attributes[FEEnableConsolePrintPacket] = {Protected} Fibonacci[n] gives the Fibonacci number Subscript[F, n]. Fibonacci[n,x] gives the Fibonacci polynomial Subscript[F, n](x). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Fibonacci] FieldMasked Attributes[FieldMasked] = {Protected} FieldSize is an option for InputField, PopupMenu and related functions, which specifies the size of the field allowed for input or contents. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FieldSize] File Attributes[File] = {Protected} FileBaseName["file"] gives the base name for a file without its extension.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FileBaseName] FileByteCount["file"] gives the number of bytes in a file. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FileByteCount] FileDate["file"] gives the date and time at which a file was last modified. FileDate["file","type"] gives information on the specified type of date associated with a file.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FileDate] FileExistsQ["name"] gives True if the file with the specified name exists, and gives False otherwise.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FileExistsQ] FileExtension["file"] gives the file extension for a file name.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FileExtension] FileFormat["name"] attempts to determine what Import format could be used to import the file or URL corresponding to "name". * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FileFormat] FileHash["file"] gives an integer hash code for the contents of the specified file. FileHash["file","type"] gives an integer hash of the specified type.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FileHash] FileInformation Attributes[FileInformation] = {Protected} FileName Attributes[FileName] = {HoldAll, ReadProtected} FileNameDepth["file"] gives the number of path elements in the file name "file".* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FileNameDepth] FileNameDialogSettings->{opt->val} is a global option that specifies settings for the Insert File Path dialog box.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FileNameDialogSettings] FileNameDrop["name",n] drops the first n path elements in the file name "name". FileNameDrop["name",-n] drops the last n path elements in the file name "name". FileNameDrop["name",{m,n}] drops elements m through n in the file name "name". FileNameDrop["name"] drops the last path element in the file name "name".* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FileNameDrop] FileNameJoin[{Subscript[name, 1],Subscript[name, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] joins the Subscript[name, i] together into a file name suitable for your current operating system. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FileNameJoin] FileNames[] lists all files in the current working directory. FileNames[form] lists all files in the current working directory whose names match the string pattern form. FileNames[{Subscript[form, 1],Subscript[form, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] lists all files whose names match any of the Subscript[form, i]. FileNames[forms,{Subscript[dir, 1],Subscript[dir, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] lists files with names matching forms in any of the directories Subscript[dir, i]. FileNames[forms,dirs,n] includes files that are in subdirectories up to n levels down. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FileNames] FileNameSetter[name] represents a file name setter which displays as a Browse button and when clicked brings up a system file opening dialog, starting from the location corresponding to name. FileNameSetter[Dynamic[name]] uses the dynamically updated current value of name, with the value of name being reset if a different file is chosen. FileNameSetter[name,"Save"] brings up a file saving dialog. FileNameSetter[name,"spec",{Subscript[type, 1]->{Subscript[patt, 11],Subscript[patt, 12],\[Ellipsis]},Subscript[type, 2]->{\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] looks for files of types Subscript[type, i] with names matching the file patterns Subscript[patt, ij]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FileNameSetter] FileNameSplit["filename"] splits a file name into a list of parts.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FileNameSplit] FileNameTake["name"] gives the last path element in the file name "name". FileNameTake["name",n] gives the first n path elements in the file name "name". FileNameTake["name",-n] gives the last n path elements in the file name "name". FileNameTake["name",{m,n}] gives elements m through n in the file name "name".*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FileNameTake] FilePrint["file"] prints out the raw textual contents of file.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FilePrint] FileType["file"] gives the type of a file, typically File, Directory, or None. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FileType] Filling is an option for ListPlot, Plot, Plot3D and related functions which specifies what filling to add under points, curves and surfaces. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Filling] FillingStyle is an option for ListPlot, Plot, Plot3D and related functions that specifies the default style of filling to be used. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FillingStyle] FilterRules[rules,patt] filters the list rules by picking out only those rules whose left-hand sides match patt. FilterRules[rules,{Subscript[patt, 1],Subscript[patt, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] picks out rules whose left-hand sides match any of the Subscript[patt, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FilterRules] FinancialData["name"] gives the last known price or value for the financial entity specified by "name". FinancialData["name",start] gives a list of dates and daily closing values for "name" from start until the current date. FinancialData["name",{start,end}] gives a list of dates and daily closing values for dates from start to end. FinancialData["name",{start,end,period}] gives a list of dates and prices for the specified periods lying between start and end. FinancialData["name","prop"] gives the value of the specified property for the financial entity "name". FinancialData["name","prop",{start,end,\[Ellipsis]}] gives a list of dates and values of a property for a sequence of dates or periods. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FinancialData] Find[stream,"text"] finds the first line in an input stream that contains the specified string. Find[stream,{"Subscript[text, 1]","Subscript[text, 2]",\[Ellipsis]}] finds the first line that contains any of the specified strings. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Find] FindArgMax[f,x] gives the position Subscript[x, max] of a local maximum of f. FindArgMax[f,{x,Subscript[x, 0]}] gives the position Subscript[x, max] of a local maximum of f, found by a search starting from the point x=Subscript[x, 0]. FindArgMax[f,{{x,Subscript[x, 0]},{y,Subscript[y, 0]},\[Ellipsis]}] gives the position {Subscript[x, max],Subscript[y, max],\[Ellipsis]} of a local maximum of a function of several variables. FindArgMax[{f,cons},{{x,Subscript[x, 0]},{y,Subscript[y, 0]},\[Ellipsis]}] gives the position of a local maximum subject to the constraints cons. FindArgMax[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] starts from a point within the region defined by the constraints.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindArgMax] FindArgMin[f,x] gives the position Subscript[x, min] of a local minimum of f. FindArgMin[f,{x,Subscript[x, 0]}] gives the position Subscript[x, min] of a local minimum of f, found by a search starting from the point x=Subscript[x, 0]. FindArgMin[f,{{x,Subscript[x, 0]},{y,Subscript[y, 0]},\[Ellipsis]}] gives the position {Subscript[x, min],Subscript[y, min],\[Ellipsis]} of a local minimum of a function of several variables. FindArgMin[{f,cons},{{x,Subscript[x, 0]},{y,Subscript[y, 0]},\[Ellipsis]}] gives the position of a local minimum subject to the constraints cons. FindArgMin[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] starts from a point within the region defined by the constraints.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindArgMin] FindClusters[{Subscript[e, 1],Subscript[e, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] partitions the Subscript[e, i] into clusters of similar elements. FindClusters[{Subscript[e, 1]->Subscript[v, 1],Subscript[e, 2]->Subscript[v, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] returns the Subscript[v, i] corresponding to the Subscript[e, i] in each cluster. FindClusters[{Subscript[e, 1],Subscript[e, 2],\[Ellipsis]}->{Subscript[v, 1],Subscript[v, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the same result. FindClusters[{Subscript[e, 1],Subscript[e, 2],\[Ellipsis]},n] partitions the Subscript[e, i] into exactly n clusters. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindClusters] FindCurvePath[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] gives an ordering of the {Subscript[x, i],Subscript[y, i]} that corresponds to one or more smooth curves.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindCurvePath] FindDivisions[{Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]},n] finds a list of about n "nice" numbers that divide the interval around Subscript[x, min] to Subscript[x, max] into equally spaced parts. FindDivisions[{Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max],dx},n] makes the parts always have lengths that are integer multiples of dx. FindDivisions[{Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]},{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] finds successive subdivisions into about Subscript[n, 1], Subscript[n, 2], \[Ellipsis] parts. FindDivisions[{Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max],{Subscript[dx, 1],Subscript[dx, 2],\[Ellipsis]}},{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] uses spacings that are forced to be multiples of Subscript[dx, 1], Subscript[dx, 2], \[Ellipsis]. FindDivisions[{Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max],{Subscript[dx, 1],Subscript[dx, 2],\[Ellipsis]}}] gives all numbers in the interval that are multiples of the Subscript[dx, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindDivisions] FindFile[name] finds the file with the specified name that would be loaded by Get[name] and related functions.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindFile] FindFit[data,expr,pars,vars] finds numerical values of the parameters pars that make expr give a best fit to data as a function of vars. The data can have the form {{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[f, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[f, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}, where the number of coordinates x, y, \[Ellipsis] is equal to the number of variables in the list vars. The data can also be of the form {Subscript[f, 1],Subscript[f, 2],\[Ellipsis]}, with a single coordinate assumed to take values 1, 2, \[Ellipsis]. FindFit[data,{expr,cons},pars,vars] finds a best fit subject to the parameter constraints cons.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindFit] FindGeneratingFunction[{Subscript[a, 1],Subscript[a, 2],\[Ellipsis]},x] attempts to find a simple generating function in x whose n\[Null]^th series coefficient is Subscript[a, n]. FindGeneratingFunction[{{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[a, 1]},{Subscript[n, 2],Subscript[a, 2]},\[Ellipsis]},x] attempts to find a simple generating function whose Subscript[n, i]\[Null]^th series coefficient is Subscript[a, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindGeneratingFunction] FindGeoLocation[] attempts to find the current geodetic location of your computer.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindGeoLocation] FindInstance[expr,vars] finds an instance of vars that makes the statement expr be True. FindInstance[expr,vars,dom] finds an instance over the domain dom. Common choices of dom are Complexes, Reals, Integers and Booleans. FindInstance[expr,vars,dom,n] finds n instances. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindInstance] FindLinearRecurrence[list] finds if possible the minimal linear recurrence that generates list. FindLinearRecurrence[list,d] finds if possible the linear recurrence of maximum order d that generates list.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindLinearRecurrence] FindList["file","text"] gives a list of lines in the file that contain the specified string. FindList["file",{"Subscript[text, 1]","Subscript[text, 2]",\[Ellipsis]}] gives a list of all lines that contain any of the specified strings. FindList[{"Subscript[file, 1]",\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]] gives a list of lines containing the specified strings in any of the Subscript[file, i]. FindList[files,text,n] includes only the first n lines found. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindList] FindMaximum[f,x] searches for a local maximum in f, starting from an automatically selected point. FindMaximum[f,{x,Subscript[x, 0]}] searches for a local maximum in f, starting from the point x=Subscript[x, 0]. FindMaximum[f,{{x,Subscript[x, 0]},{y,Subscript[y, 0]},\[Ellipsis]}] searches for a local maximum in a function of several variables. FindMaximum[{f,cons},{{x,Subscript[x, 0]},{y,Subscript[y, 0]},\[Ellipsis]}] searches for a local maximum subject to the constraints cons. FindMaximum[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] starts from a point within the region defined by the constraints.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindMaximum] FindMaxValue[f,x] gives the value at a local maximum of f. FindMaxValue[f,{x,Subscript[x, 0]}] gives the value at a local maximum of f, found by a search starting from the point x=Subscript[x, 0]. FindMaxValue[f,{{x,Subscript[x, 0]},{y,Subscript[y, 0]},\[Ellipsis]}] gives the value at a local maximum of a function of several variables. FindMaxValue[{f,cons},{{x,Subscript[x, 0]},{y,Subscript[y, 0]},\[Ellipsis]}] gives the value at a local maximum subject to the constraints cons. FindMaxValue[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] starts from a point within the region defined by the constraints.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindMaxValue] FindMinimum[f,x] searches for a local minimum in f, starting from an automatically selected point. FindMinimum[f,{x,Subscript[x, 0]}] searches for a local minimum in f, starting from the point x=Subscript[x, 0]. FindMinimum[f,{{x,Subscript[x, 0]},{y,Subscript[y, 0]},\[Ellipsis]}] searches for a local minimum in a function of several variables. FindMinimum[{f,cons},{{x,Subscript[x, 0]},{y,Subscript[y, 0]},\[Ellipsis]}] searches for a local minimum subject to the constraints cons. FindMinimum[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] starts from a point within the region defined by the constraints.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindMinimum] FindMinValue[f,x] gives the value at a local minimum of f. FindMinValue[f,{x,Subscript[x, 0]}] gives the value at a local minimum of f, found by a search starting from the point x=Subscript[x, 0]. FindMinValue[f,{{x,Subscript[x, 0]},{y,Subscript[y, 0]},\[Ellipsis]}] gives the value at a local minimum of a function of several variables. FindMinValue[{f,cons},{{x,Subscript[x, 0]},{y,Subscript[y, 0]},\[Ellipsis]}] gives the value at a local minimum subject to the constraints cons. FindMinValue[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] starts from a point within the region defined by the constraints.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindMinValue] FindRoot[f,{x,Subscript[x, 0]}] searches for a numerical root of f, starting from the point x=Subscript[x, 0]. FindRoot[lhs==rhs,{x,Subscript[x, 0]}] searches for a numerical solution to the equation lhs==rhs. FindRoot[{Subscript[f, 1],Subscript[f, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{{x,Subscript[x, 0]},{y,Subscript[y, 0]},\[Ellipsis]}] searches for a simultaneous numerical root of all the Subscript[f, i]. FindRoot[{Subscript[eqn, 1],Subscript[eqn, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{{x,Subscript[x, 0]},{y,Subscript[y, 0]},\[Ellipsis]}] searches for a numerical solution to the simultaneous equations Subscript[eqn, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindRoot] FindSequenceFunction[{Subscript[a, 1],Subscript[a, 2],Subscript[a, 3],\[Ellipsis]}] attempts to find a simple function that yields the sequence Subscript[a, n] when given successive integer arguments. FindSequenceFunction[{{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[a, 1]},{Subscript[n, 2],Subscript[a, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] attempts to find a simple function that yields Subscript[a, i] when given argument Subscript[n, i]. FindSequenceFunction[list,n] gives the function applied to n.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindSequenceFunction] FindSettings->{Subscript[opt, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[opt, 2]->Subscript[val, 2],\[Ellipsis]} is a global option that specifies settings for the Find dialog box.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindSettings] FindShortestTour[{Subscript[e, 1],Subscript[e, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] attempts to find an ordering of the Subscript[e, i] that minimizes the total distance on a tour that visits all the Subscript[e, i] once.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FindShortestTour] Fine Attributes[Fine] = {Protected} FinishDynamic[] finishes updating and displaying all currently visible Dynamic objects. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FinishDynamic] FiniteAbelianGroupCount[n] gives the number of finite abelian groups of order n.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FiniteAbelianGroupCount] FiniteGroupCount[n] gives the number of finite groups of order n.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FiniteGroupCount] FiniteGroupData[name,"property"] gives the value of the specified property for the finite group specified by name. FiniteGroupData["class"] gives a list of a finite groups in the specified class.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FiniteGroupData] First[expr] gives the first element in expr. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/First] Fit[data,funs,vars] finds a least-squares fit to a list of data as a linear combination of the functions funs of variables vars. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Fit] FitAll Attributes[FitAll] = {Protected} FittedModel[\[Ellipsis]] represents the symbolic fitted model obtained from functions like LinearModelFit.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FittedModel] FixedPoint[f,expr] starts with expr, then applies f repeatedly until the result no longer changes. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FixedPoint] FixedPointList[f,expr] generates a list giving the results of applying f repeatedly, starting with expr, until the results no longer change. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FixedPointList] Flat is an attribute that can be assigned to a symbol f to indicate that all expressions involving nested functions f should be flattened out. This property is accounted for in pattern matching. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Flat] Flatten[list] flattens out nested lists. Flatten[list,n] flattens to level n. Flatten[list,n,h] flattens subexpressions with head h. Flatten[list,{{Subscript[s, 11],Subscript[s, 12],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[s, 21],Subscript[s, 22],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] flattens list by combining all levels Subscript[s, ij] to make each level i in the result. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Flatten] FlattenAt[list,n] flattens out a sublist that appears as the n\[Null]^th element of list. If n is negative, the position is counted from the end. FlattenAt[expr,{i,j,\[Ellipsis]}] flattens out the part of expr at position {i,j,\[Ellipsis]}. FlattenAt[expr,{{Subscript[i, 1],Subscript[j, 1],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[i, 2],Subscript[j, 2],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] flattens out parts of expr at several positions. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FlattenAt] FlipView[{Subscript[expr, 1],Subscript[expr, 2]}] represents an object which flips between displaying Subscript[expr, 1] and Subscript[expr, 2] each time it is clicked. FlipView[{Subscript[expr, 1],Subscript[expr, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] cyclically flips through successive Subscript[expr, i]. FlipView[{Subscript[expr, 1],Subscript[expr, 2],\[Ellipsis]},i] makes Subscript[expr, i] be the object currently displayed.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FlipView] Floor[x] gives the greatest integer less than or equal to x. Floor[x,a] gives the greatest multiple of a less than or equal to x. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Floor] FlushPrintOutputPacket Attributes[FlushPrintOutputPacket] = {Protected} Fold[f,x,list] gives the last element of FoldList[f,x,list]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Fold] FoldList[f,x,{a,b,\[Ellipsis]}] gives {x,f[x,a],f[f[x,a],b],\[Ellipsis]}. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FoldList] Font Attributes[Font] = {Protected} FontColor is an option for Style, Cell and related constructs which specifies the default color in which to render text. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FontColor] FontFamily is an option for Style and Cell which specifies the font family in which text should be rendered. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FontFamily] FontForm Attributes[FontForm] = {Protected} FontName is an option to StyleBox which changes the current font family and face. A sample specification of FontName is FontName -> "" Times - Roman "". The default value of FontName is Automatic. FontOpacity Attributes[FontOpacity] = {Protected} FontPostScriptName is an option to StyleBox which changes the current font. A sample specification is FontPostScriptName -> Times-Roman. The default value is Automatic. FontProperties->{Subscript[opt, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[opt, 2]->Subscript[val, 2]} specifies font properties.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FontProperties] FontReencoding Attributes[FontReencoding] = {Protected} FontSize is an option for Style and Cell which specifies the default size in printer\[CloseCurlyQuote]s points of the font in which to render text. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FontSize] FontSlant is an option for Style, Cell and related constructs which specifies how slanted characters in text should be. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FontSlant] FontSubstitutions is an option for Style and Cell which gives a list of substitutions to try for font family names. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FontSubstitutions] FontTracking is an option for Style and Cell which specifies how condensed or expanded you want the font in which text is rendered to be. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FontTracking] FontVariations is an option for Style, Cell and related constructs which specifies what font variations should be used.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FontVariations] FontWeight is an option for Style, Cell and related constructs which specifies how heavy the characters in a font should be. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FontWeight] For[start,test,incr,body] executes start, then repeatedly evaluates body and incr until test fails to give True. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/For] ForAll[x,expr] represents the statement that expr is True for all values of x. ForAll[x,cond,expr] states that expr is True for all x satisfying the condition cond. ForAll[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},expr] states that expr is True for all values of all the Subscript[x, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ForAll] Format[expr] prints as the formatted form of expr. Assigning values to Format[expr] defines print forms for expressions. Format[expr,form] gives a format for the specified form of output. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Format] FormatRules Attributes[FormatRules] = {Protected} FormatType is an option for output streams, graphics and functions such as Text which specifies the default format type to use when outputting expressions. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FormatType] FormatTypeAutoConvert is an option for cells that specifies whether the contents of a cell are automatically converted into a different format when the style of that cell is changed.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FormatTypeAutoConvert] FormatValues[f] gives a list of transformation rules corresponding to all printing formats (values for Format[f[x,\[Ellipsis]],\[Ellipsis]], etc.) defined for the symbol f. FormBox[boxes,form] is a low-level box construct which displays as boxes but specifies that rules associated with form should be used to interpret boxes on input. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FormBox] FormBoxOptions->{Subscript[opt, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[opt, 2]->Subscript[val, 2]} is an option for cells that specifies settings for FormBox objects within the cell.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FormBoxOptions] FortranForm[expr] prints as a Fortran language version of expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FortranForm] Forward is a symbol that represents the forward direction for purposes of motion and animation.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Forward] ForwardBackward is a symbol that represents alternate forward and backward motion or animation.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ForwardBackward] Fourier[list] finds the discrete Fourier transform of a list of complex numbers. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Fourier] FourierCoefficient[expr,t,n] gives the n\[Null]^th coefficient in the Fourier series expansion of expr. FourierCoefficient[expr,{Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[t, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives a multidimensional Fourier coefficient.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FourierCoefficient] FourierCosCoefficient[expr,t,n] gives the n\[Null]^th coefficient in the Fourier cosine series expansion of expr. FourierCosCoefficient[expr,{Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[t, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives a multidimensional Fourier cosine coefficient.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FourierCosCoefficient] FourierCosSeries[expr,t,n] gives the n\[Null]^th\[Dash]order Fourier cosine series expansion of expr in t. FourierCosSeries[expr,{Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[t, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multidimensional Fourier cosine series of expr.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FourierCosSeries] FourierCosTransform[expr,t,\[Omega]] gives the symbolic Fourier cosine transform of expr. FourierCosTransform[expr,{Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[t, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[\[Omega], 1],Subscript[\[Omega], 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multidimensional Fourier cosine transform of expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FourierCosTransform] FourierDCT[list] finds the Fourier discrete cosine transform of a list of real numbers. FourierDCT[list,m] finds the Fourier discrete cosine transform of type m.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FourierDCT] FourierDST[list] finds the Fourier discrete sine transform of a list of real numbers. FourierDST[list,m] finds the Fourier discrete sine transform of type m.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FourierDST] FourierParameters is an option to Fourier and related functions that specifies the conventions to use in computing Fourier transforms.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FourierParameters] FourierSequenceTransform[expr,n,\[Omega]] gives the Fourier sequence transform of expr. FourierSequenceTransform[expr,{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[\[Omega], 1],Subscript[\[Omega], 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multdimensional Fourier sequence transform. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FourierSequenceTransform] FourierSeries[expr,t,n] gives the n\[Null]^th\[Dash]order Fourier series expansion of expr in t. FourierSeries[expr,{Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[t, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multidimensional Fourier series.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FourierSeries] FourierSinCoefficient[expr,t,n] gives the n\[Null]^th coefficient in the Fourier sine series expansion of expr. FourierSinCoefficient[expr,{Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[t, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives a multidimensional Fourier sine coefficient.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FourierSinCoefficient] FourierSinSeries[expr,t,n] gives the n\[Null]^th\[Dash]order Fourier sine series expansion of expr in t. FourierSinSeries[expr,{Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[t, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multidimensional Fourier sine series of expr.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FourierSinSeries] FourierSinTransform[expr,t,\[Omega]] gives the symbolic Fourier sine transform of expr. FourierSinTransform[expr,{Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[t, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[\[Omega], 1],Subscript[\[Omega], 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multidimensional Fourier sine transform of expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FourierSinTransform] FourierTransform[expr,t,\[Omega]] gives the symbolic Fourier transform of expr. FourierTransform[expr,{Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[t, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[\[Omega], 1],Subscript[\[Omega], 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multidimensional Fourier transform of expr. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FourierTransform] FourierTrigSeries[expr,t,n] gives the n\[Null]^th\[Dash]order Fourier trigonometric series expansion of expr in t. FourierTrigSeries[expr,{Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[t, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multidimensional Fourier trigonometric series of expr.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FourierTrigSeries] FractionalPart[x] gives the fractional part of x. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FractionalPart] FractionBox[x,y] is a low-level formatting construct that represents x/y in notebook expressions. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FractionBox] FractionBoxOptions->{Subscript[opt, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[opt, 2]->Subscript[val, 2],\[Ellipsis]} is an option for cells that specifies settings for FractionBox objects within the cell.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FractionBoxOptions] FractionLine is an option for fractions that specifies the thickness of the line separating the numerator and denominator.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FractionLine] Frame is an option for Graphics, Grid and other constructs that specifies whether to include a frame. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Frame] FrameBox[box] is a low-level box construct which represents box with a frame drawn around it. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FrameBox] FrameBoxOptions->{Subscript[opt, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[opt, 2]->Subscript[val, 2],\[Ellipsis]} is an option for cells that specifies default settings.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FrameBoxOptions] Framed[expr] displays a framed version of expr. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Framed] FrameInset Attributes[FrameInset] = {Protected} FrameLabel is an option for Graphics, Manipulate and related functions that specifies labels to be placed on the edges of a frame. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FrameLabel] Frameless Attributes[Frameless] = {Protected} FrameMargins is an option for objects that can be displayed with frames which specifies the absolute margins in printer's points to leave inside the frame. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FrameMargins] FrameStyle is an option for Graphics, Grid and other constructs that specifies the style in which to draw frames.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FrameStyle] FrameTicks is an option for 2D graphics functions that specifies tick marks for the edges of a frame. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FrameTicks] FrameTicksStyle is an option for 2D graphics functions which specifies how frame ticks should be rendered.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FrameTicksStyle] FRatioDistribution[n,m] represents an F-ratio distribution with n numerator and m denominator degrees of freedom.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FRatioDistribution] FreeQ[expr,form] yields True if no subexpression in expr matches form, and yields False otherwise. FreeQ[expr,form,levelspec] tests only those parts of expr on levels specified by levelspec. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FreeQ] FresnelC[z] gives the Fresnel integral C(z). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FresnelC] FresnelS[z] gives the Fresnel integral S(z). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FresnelS] FrobeniusNumber[{Subscript[a, 1],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[a, n]}] gives the Frobenius number of Subscript[a, 1],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[a, n].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FrobeniusNumber] FrobeniusSolve[{Subscript[a, 1],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[a, n]},b] gives a list of all solutions of the Frobenius equation Subscript[a, 1] Subscript[x, 1]+\[Ellipsis]+Subscript[a, n] Subscript[x, n]=b. FrobeniusSolve[{Subscript[a, 1],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[a, n]},b,m] gives at most m solutions.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FrobeniusSolve] FromCharacterCode[n] gives a string consisting of the character with integer code n. FromCharacterCode[{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives a string consisting of the sequence of characters with codes Subscript[n, i]. FromCharacterCode[{{Subscript[n, 11],Subscript[n, 12],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[n, 21],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] gives a list of strings. FromCharacterCode[\[Ellipsis],"encoding"] uses the specified character encoding. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FromCharacterCode] FromCoefficientRules[list,{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] constructs a polynomial from a list of rules for exponent vectors and coefficients. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FromCoefficientRules] FromContinuedFraction[list] reconstructs a number from the list of its continued fraction terms. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FromContinuedFraction] FromDate[date] converts a date of the form {y,m,d,h,m,s} to an absolute number of seconds since the beginning of January 1, 1900. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FromDate] FromDigits[list] constructs an integer from the list of its decimal digits. FromDigits[list,b] takes the digits to be given in base b. FromDigits["string"] constructs an integer from a string of digits. FromDigits["string","Roman"] constructs an integer from Roman numerals.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FromDigits] FromDMS[{d,m,s}] converts from degrees, minutes and seconds to decimal degrees. FromDMS["dms"] converts from a DMS string to decimal degrees. FromDMS["latlong"] converts from a latitude-longitude string to latitude and longitude in decimal degrees.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FromDMS] Front is a symbol that represents the front of a graphic for purposes of placement and alignment.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Front] FrontEndDynamicExpression Attributes[FrontEndDynamicExpression] = {Protected} FrontEndEventActions is an option for the notebook front end that gives a list of actions to perform when specified user-interface events occur. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FrontEndEventActions] FrontEndExecute[expr] sends expr to be executed by the Mathematica front end. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FrontEndExecute] FrontEndObject Attributes[FrontEndObject] = {Protected, ReadProtected} FrontEndResource Attributes[FrontEndResource] = {Protected, ReadProtected} FrontEndResourceString Attributes[FrontEndResourceString] = {Protected, ReadProtected} FrontEndStackSize is a global option that specifies the size of the stack used to store data in the front end (Macintosh only).* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FrontEndStackSize] FrontEndToken["cmd"] is an object which represents a front end command token, typically corresponding to a front end menu item, to be executed by FrontEndExecute. FrontEndToken[nb,"cmd"] represents a command which targets the specified notebook. FrontEndToken[nb,"cmd",param] represents a command with a parameter.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FrontEndToken] FrontEndTokenExecute["cmd"] executes the specified front end command token, typically corresponding to a front end menu item. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FrontEndTokenExecute] FrontEndValueCache Attributes[FrontEndValueCache] = {Protected} FrontEndVersion Attributes[FrontEndVersion] = {Protected} Full is a setting used for certain options, typically indicating that a full range of values should be included. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Full] FullAxes[graphics] returns the axes options of a graphics object. FullDefinition[symbol] prints as the definitions given for symbol, and all symbols on which these depend. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FullDefinition] FullForm[expr] prints as the full form of expr, with no special syntax. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FullForm] FullGraphics[g] takes a graphics object, and generates a new one in which objects specified by graphics options are given as explicit lists of graphics primitives. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FullGraphics] FullOptions Attributes[FullOptions] = {Protected, ReadProtected} FullSimplify[expr] tries a wide range of transformations on expr involving elementary and special functions, and returns the simplest form it finds. FullSimplify[expr,assum] does simplification using assumptions. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FullSimplify] Function[body] or body& is a pure function. The formal parameters are # (or #1), #2, etc. Function[x,body] is a pure function with a single formal parameter x. Function[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},body] is a pure function with a list of formal parameters. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Function] FunctionExpand[expr] tries to expand out special and certain other functions in expr, when possible reducing compound arguments to simpler ones. FunctionExpand[expr,assum] expands using assumptions. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FunctionExpand] FunctionInterpolation[expr,{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]}] evaluates expr with x running from Subscript[x, min] to Subscript[x, max] and constructs an InterpolatingFunction object which represents an approximate function corresponding to the result. FunctionInterpolation[expr,{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]},{y,Subscript[y, min],Subscript[y, max]},\[Ellipsis]] constructs an InterpolatingFunction object with several arguments. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FunctionInterpolation] FunctionSpace is an option for FindSequenceFunction and related functions that specifies the space of functions to consider for representations. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/FunctionSpace] FutureValue Attributes[FutureValue] = {Protected, ReadProtected} FutureValueList Attributes[FutureValueList] = {Protected, ReadProtected} Gamma[z] is the Euler gamma function \[CapitalGamma](z). Gamma[a,z] is the incomplete gamma function \[CapitalGamma](a,z). Gamma[a,Subscript[z, 0],Subscript[z, 1]] is the generalized incomplete gamma function \[CapitalGamma](a,Subscript[z, 0])-\[CapitalGamma](a,Subscript[z, 1]). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Gamma] GammaDistribution[\[Alpha],\[Beta]] represents a gamma distribution with shape parameter \[Alpha] and scale parameter \[Beta].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GammaDistribution] GammaRegularized[a,z] is the regularized incomplete gamma function Q(a,z). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GammaRegularized] GapPenalty is an option for SequenceAlignment and related functions that gives the additional cost associated with each gap corresponding to a run of insertions or deletions.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GapPenalty] Gather[list] gathers the elements of list into sublists of identical elements. Gather[list,test] applies test to pairs of elements to determine if they should be considered identical.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Gather] GatherBy[list,f] gathers into sublists each set of elements in list that gives the same value when f is applied. GatherBy[list,{Subscript[f, 1],Subscript[f, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gathers list into nested sublists using Subscript[f, i] at level i. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GatherBy] GaussianFilter[image, r] filters image by convolving with a Gaussian kernel of pixel radius r. GaussianFilter[image, r,{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2]}] convolves image with a kernel formed from the Subscript[n, i]\[Null]^th vertical and horizontal discrete derivatives of the Gaussian. GaussianFilter[image, {r, \[Sigma]},\[Ellipsis]] uses a Gaussian kernel with radius r and standard deviation \[Sigma]. GaussianFilter[image,{{Subscript[r, 1],Subscript[r, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] uses radii Subscript[r, i] etc. in vertical and horizontal directions. GaussianFilter[data,\[Ellipsis]] applies Gaussian filtering to an array of data. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GaussianFilter] GaussianIntegers[n] returns the Ringoid of Gaussian integers mod n under ordinary complex addition and multiplication mod n. The standard use of this name as an option for several built-in functions still works and is described as follows: GaussianIntegers is an option for FactorInteger, PrimeQ, Factor and related functions. With GaussianIntegers -> True, factorization is done over the Gaussian integers when possible. With GaussianIntegers -> False, factorization is done over the integers.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GaussianIntegers] GaussianMatrix[r] gives a matrix that corresponds to a Gaussian kernel of radius r. GaussianMatrix[{r, \[Sigma]}] gives a matrix corresponding to a Gaussian kernel with radius r and standard deviation \[Sigma]. GaussianMatrix[r,{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2]}] gives a matrix formed from the Subscript[n, 1]\[Null]^th discrete derivative of the Gaussian with respect to rows and Subscript[n, 2]\[Null]^th discrete derivative with respect to columns. GaussianMatrix[r,{{Subscript[n, 11],Subscript[n, 12]},{Subscript[n, 21],Subscript[n, 22]},\[Ellipsis]}] gives a matrix formed from the sums of the Subscript[n, i1] and Subscript[n, i2] derivatives. GaussianMatrix[{{Subscript[r, 1],Subscript[r, 2],\[Ellipsis]},\[Sigma]},\[Ellipsis]] gives an array corresponding to a Gaussian kernel with radius Subscript[r, i] in the i\[Null]^th index direction.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GaussianMatrix] GCD[Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]] gives the greatest common divisor of the Subscript[n, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GCD] GegenbauerC[n,m,x] gives the Gegenbauer polynomial \!\(SubsuperscriptBox[\(C\), \(n\), \((m)\)](\* StyleBox["x", "TI"])\). GegenbauerC[n,x] gives the renormalized form \!\(\*UnderscriptBox[\"lim\", RowBox[{\"m\", \"\[Rule]\", \"0\"}],\nLimitsPositioning->True]\)\!\(SubsuperscriptBox[\(C\), \(n\), \((m)\)](x)\)/m. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GegenbauerC] General is a symbol to which general system messages are attached. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/General] GeneralizedLinearModelFit[{Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[f, 1],Subscript[f, 2],\[Ellipsis]},x] constructs a generalized linear model of the form g^-1(Subscript[\[Beta], 0]+Subscript[\[Beta], 1] Subscript[f, 1]+Subscript[\[Beta], 2] Subscript[f, 2]+\[Ellipsis]) that fits the Subscript[y, i] for successive x values 1, 2, \[Ellipsis]. GeneralizedLinearModelFit[{{Subscript[x, 11],Subscript[x, 12],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[x, 21],Subscript[x, 22],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[y, 2]},\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[f, 1],Subscript[f, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] constructs a generalized linear model of the form g^-1(Subscript[\[Beta], 0]+Subscript[\[Beta], 1] Subscript[f, 1]+Subscript[\[Beta], 2] Subscript[f, 2]+\[Ellipsis]) where the Subscript[f, i] depend on the variables Subscript[x, k]. GeneralizedLinearModelFit[{m,v}] constructs a generalized linear model from the design matrix m and response vector v.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeneralizedLinearModelFit] GenerateConditions is an option for Integrate, Sum, and similar functions that specifies whether explicit conditions on parameters should be generated in the result.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GenerateConditions] GeneratedCell is an option for Cell which indicates whether the cell was generated from the kernel. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeneratedCell] GeneratedParameters is an option which specifies how parameters generated to represent the results of various symbolic operations should be named. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeneratedParameters] GeneratingFunction[expr,n,x] gives the generating function in x for the sequence whose n\[Null]^th series coefficient is given by the expression expr. GeneratingFunction[expr,{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multidimensional generating function in Subscript[x, 1], Subscript[x, 2], \[Ellipsis] whose Subscript[n, 1], Subscript[n, 2], \[Ellipsis] coefficient is given by expr.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeneratingFunction] Generic is a setting for the Mode option of Solve and related functions. GenericCylindricalDecomposition[ineqs,{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] finds the full-dimensional part of the decomposition of the region represented by the inequalities ineqs into cylindrical parts whose directions correspond to the successive Subscript[x, i], together with any hypersurfaces containing the rest of the region.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GenericCylindricalDecomposition] GenomeData["gene"] gives the DNA sequence for the specified gene on the reference human genome. GenomeData["gene","property"] gives the value of the specified property for human gene gene. GenomeData[{"chr",{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2]}}] gives the sequence from positions Subscript[x, 1] to Subscript[x, 2] on chromosome chr in the reference human genome.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GenomeData] GenomeLookup["seq"] returns the positions of exact matches for the DNA sequence seq on the reference human genome. GenomeLookup[spec,n] returns at most n matches.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GenomeLookup] GeodesicDilation[marker,mask] gives the fixed point of the geodesic dilation of the image marker constrained by the image mask.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeodesicDilation] GeodesicErosion[marker,mask] gives the fixed point of the geodesic erosion of the image marker constrained by the image mask.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeodesicErosion] GeoDestination[pos,{d,\[Alpha]}] gives the geodetic position reached by going distance d in azimuthal direction \[Alpha] from pos.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeoDestination] GeodesyData["name","property"] gives the value of the specified property for a named geodetic datum or reference ellipsoid. GeodesyData[{a,b},"property"] gives the value of the property for the ellipsoid with semimajor axis a and semiminor axis b. GeodesyData[obj,{"property", coords}] gives the value of the property at the specified coordinates.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeodesyData] GeoDirection[{Subscript[lat, 1],Subscript[long, 1]},{Subscript[lat, 2],Subscript[long, 2]}] gives the azimuthal direction from one latitude-longitude position on the Earth to another. GeoDirection[Subscript[pos, 1],Subscript[pos, 2]] gives the azimuthal direction between positions specified by position objects.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeoDirection] GeoDistance[{Subscript[lat, 1],Subscript[long, 1]},{Subscript[lat, 2],Subscript[long, 2]}] gives the geodesic distance in meters between latitude-longitude positions on the Earth. GeoDistance[Subscript[pos, 1],Subscript[pos, 2]] gives the distance between positions specified by position objects.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeoDistance] GeoGridPosition[{x,y,z},projection] represents a point {x,y,z} in a planimetric cartographic grid using the specified projection.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeoGridPosition] GeometricDistribution[p] represents a geometric distribution with probability parameter p. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeometricDistribution] GeometricMean[list] gives the geometric mean of the values in list.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeometricMean] GeometricMeanFilter[image,r] filters image by replacing every value by the geometric mean of the values in its range r neighborhood. GeometricMeanFilter[data,r] applies geometric mean filtering to an array of data.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeometricMeanFilter] GeometricTransformation[g,tfun] represents the result of applying the transformation function tfun to the geometric objects corresponding to the primitives g. GeometricTransformation[g,m] transforms geometric objects in g by effectively replacing every point r by m.r. GeometricTransformation[g,{m,v}] effectively replaces every point r by m.r+v.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeometricTransformation] GeometricTransformation3DBox Attributes[GeometricTransformation3DBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} GeometricTransformation3DBoxOptions Attributes[GeometricTransformation3DBoxOptions] = {Protected} GeometricTransformationBox Attributes[GeometricTransformationBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} GeometricTransformationBoxOptions Attributes[GeometricTransformationBoxOptions] = {Protected} GeoPosition[{\[Phi],\[Lambda]}] represents a geodetic position with latitude \[Phi] and longitude \[Lambda]. GeoPosition[{\[Phi],\[Lambda],h}] represents a geodetic position with height h relative to the reference ellipsoid. GeoPosition[{\[Phi],\[Lambda],h},datum] represents a geodetic position referring to the specified datum.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeoPosition] GeoPositionENU[{east,north,up},p] represents a point with local Cartesian coordinates {east,north,up} in a reference system specified by the position p.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeoPositionENU] GeoPositionXYZ[{x,y,z}] represents a position in a Cartesian geocentric coordinate system. GeoPositionXYZ[{x,y,z},datum] represents a point referred to the specified datum.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeoPositionXYZ] GeoProjectionData["projection","property"] gives the value of the specified property for the specified cartographic projection. GeoProjectionData["projection"] gives the complete options for the default form of the specified projection.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GeoProjectionData] <>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Get] GetBoundingBoxSizePacket Attributes[GetBoundingBoxSizePacket] = {Protected} GetContext["context`"] loads the file named by ContextToFileName["context`"], which gives the conventional filename for a package that defines "context`". GetFileName Attributes[GetFileName] = {Protected} GetFrontEndOptionsDataPacket Attributes[GetFrontEndOptionsDataPacket] = {Protected} GetLinebreakInformationPacket Attributes[GetLinebreakInformationPacket] = {Protected} GetMenusPacket Attributes[GetMenusPacket] = {Protected} GetPageBreakInformationPacket Attributes[GetPageBreakInformationPacket] = {Protected} Glaisher is Glaisher's constant with numerical value \[TildeEqual]1.28243. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Glaisher] GlobalPreferences Attributes[GlobalPreferences] = {Protected} GlobalSession Attributes[GlobalSession] = {Protected} Glow[col] is a graphics directive which specifies that surfaces of 3D graphics objects which follow are to be taken to glow with color col. Glow[] specifies that there is no glow. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Glow] GoldenRatio is the golden ratio \[Phi]=1/2 (Sqrt[5]+1), with numerical value \[TildeEqual]1.61803. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GoldenRatio] Goto[tag] scans for Label[tag], and transfers control to that point. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Goto] Gradient is an option for FindMinimum and related functions which specifies the gradient vector to assume for the function being extremized.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Gradient] GradientFilter[image,r] gives an image corresponding to the magnitude of the gradient of image, computed using discrete derivatives of a Gaussian of pixel radius r. GradientFilter[image,{r,\[Sigma]}] uses a Gaussian with standard deviation \[Sigma]. GradientFilter[image,{{Subscript[r, 1],Subscript[r, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] uses a Gaussian with radii Subscript[r, i] etc. in vertical and horizontal directions. GradientFilter[data,\[Ellipsis]] applies gradient filtering to an array of data.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GradientFilter] GraphData[name] gives an image of the graph with the specified name. GraphData[name,"property"] gives the value for the specified property for a named graph. GraphData["class"] gives a list of named graphs in the specified class. GraphData[n] gives a list of named graphs with n vertices.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GraphData] Obsolete with version 6 onwards, Graphics is a value for the Output option that can be used when a function uses the Visual Mode. Adding the option Output -> Graphics will cause the graphics of the Visual mode to be the output (given as -Graphics-). This is a method of capturing the graphics involved in a computation instead of the actual computation. (Using GraphicsArray instead of Graphics works similarly when the output is going to be a series of graphics. These are then put into an array of graphics.) The standard (built-in) definition still exists: Graphics[primitives, options] represents a two-dimensional graphical image.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Graphics] Graphics3D[primitives,options] represents a three-dimensional graphical image. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Graphics3D] Graphics3DBox Attributes[Graphics3DBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} Options[Graphics3DBox] = {AlignmentPoint -> ImageScaled[{0.5, 0.5}], AspectRatio -> Automatic, AutomaticImageSize -> False, Axes -> False, AxesEdge -> Automatic, AxesLabel -> None, AxesOrigin -> Automatic, AxesStyle -> {}, Background -> None, BaseStyle -> {}, BaselinePosition -> Automatic, BoxRatios -> Automatic, BoxStyle -> {}, Boxed -> True, ClipPlanes -> None, ColorOutput -> Automatic, ContentSelectable -> Automatic, ControllerLinking -> Automatic, ControllerMethod -> Automatic, ControllerPath -> Automatic, CoordinatesToolOptions :> Automatic, DefaultAxesStyle -> Graphics3DAxes, DefaultBaseStyle -> Graphics3D, DefaultBoxStyle -> Graphics3DBox, DefaultFaceGridsStyle -> Graphics3DFaceGrids, DefaultLabelStyle -> Graphics3DLabel, DefaultTicksStyle -> Graphics3DTicks, Epilog -> {}, FaceGrids -> None, FaceGridsStyle -> {}, FormatType -> TraditionalForm, ImageMargins -> 0., ImagePadding -> All, ImageSize -> Automatic, ImageSizeRules -> Automatic, LabelStyle -> {}, Lighting -> Automatic, Method -> {CylinderPoints -> {40, 3}, ConePoints -> {40, 3}, SpherePoints -> {40, 30}, TubePoints -> {40, 2}, SplinePoints -> 7, RotationControl -> ArcBall}, PlotLabel -> None, PlotRange -> All, PlotRangePadding -> Automatic, PlotRegion -> {{0., 1.}, {0., 1.}}, PreserveImageOptions -> Automatic, Prolog -> {}, RotationAction -> Fit, SphericalRegion -> False, Ticks -> Automatic, TicksStyle -> {}, ViewAngle -> Automatic, ViewCenter -> Automatic, ViewMatrix -> Automatic, ViewPoint -> {1.3, -2.4, 2.}, ViewRange -> All, ViewVector -> Automatic, ViewVertical -> {0., 0., 1.}} Graphics3DBoxOptions Attributes[Graphics3DBoxOptions] = {Protected} GraphicsArray[{Subscript[g, 1],Subscript[g, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] represents a row of graphics objects. GraphicsArray[{{Subscript[g, 11],Subscript[g, 12],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] represents a two-dimensional array of graphical objects.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GraphicsArray] GraphicsBaseline Attributes[GraphicsBaseline] = {Protected} GraphicsBox Attributes[GraphicsBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} Options[GraphicsBox] = {AlignmentPoint -> ImageScaled[{0.5, 0.5}], AspectRatio -> Automatic, Axes -> False, AxesLabel -> None, AxesOrigin -> {Automatic, Automatic}, AxesStyle -> {}, Background -> None, BaseStyle -> {}, BaselinePosition -> Automatic, ColorOutput -> Automatic, ContentSelectable -> Automatic, CoordinatesToolOptions :> Automatic, DefaultAxesStyle -> GraphicsAxes, DefaultBaseStyle -> Graphics, DefaultFrameStyle -> GraphicsFrame, DefaultFrameTicksStyle -> GraphicsFrameTicks, DefaultGridLinesStyle -> GraphicsGridLines, DefaultLabelStyle -> GraphicsLabel, DefaultTicksStyle -> GraphicsTicks, Epilog -> {}, FormatType -> TraditionalForm, Frame -> False, FrameLabel -> None, FrameStyle -> {}, FrameTicks -> Automatic, FrameTicksStyle -> {}, GridLines -> None, GridLinesStyle -> {}, ImageMargins -> 0., ImagePadding -> All, ImageSize -> Automatic, ImageSizeRaw -> Automatic, ImageSizeRules -> Automatic, LabelStyle -> {}, Method -> {}, PlotLabel -> None, PlotRange -> All, PlotRangeClipping -> False, PlotRangePadding -> Automatic, PlotRegion -> {{0., 1.}, {0., 1.}}, PreserveImageOptions -> Automatic, Prolog -> {}, RotateLabel -> True, Ticks -> Automatic, TicksStyle -> {}} GraphicsBoxOptions Attributes[GraphicsBoxOptions] = {Protected} GraphicsColumn[{Subscript[g, 1],Subscript[g, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] generates a graphic in which the Subscript[g, i] are laid out in a column, with Subscript[g, 1] above Subscript[g, 2], etc. GraphicsColumn[list,alignment] aligns each element horizontally in the specified way. GraphicsColumn[list,alignment,spacing] leaves the specified spacing between successive elements.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GraphicsColumn] GraphicsComplex[{Subscript[pt, 1],Subscript[pt, 2],\[Ellipsis]},data] represents a graphics complex in which coordinates given as integers i in graphics primitives in data are taken to be Subscript[pt, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GraphicsComplex] GraphicsComplex3DBox Attributes[GraphicsComplex3DBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} Options[GraphicsComplex3DBox] = {BaseStyle -> {}, ContentSelectable -> Automatic, DefaultBaseStyle -> {}, VertexColors -> Automatic, VertexNormals -> Automatic} GraphicsComplex3DBoxOptions Attributes[GraphicsComplex3DBoxOptions] = {Protected} GraphicsComplexBox Attributes[GraphicsComplexBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} Options[GraphicsComplexBox] = {BaseStyle -> {}, ContentSelectable -> Automatic, DefaultBaseStyle -> {}, VertexColors -> Automatic} GraphicsComplexBoxOptions Attributes[GraphicsComplexBoxOptions] = {Protected} GraphicsContents Attributes[GraphicsContents] = {Protected} GraphicsData Attributes[GraphicsData] = {Protected} GraphicsGrid[{{Subscript[g, 11],Subscript[g, 12],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] generates a graphic in which the Subscript[g, ij] are laid out in a two-dimensional grid.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GraphicsGrid] GraphicsGridBox Attributes[GraphicsGridBox] = {Protected} GraphicsGroup[{Subscript[g, 1],Subscript[g, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] represents a collection of graphics objects grouped together for purposes of interactive selection in a notebook. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GraphicsGroup] GraphicsGroup3DBox Attributes[GraphicsGroup3DBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} Options[GraphicsGroup3DBox] = {BaseStyle -> {}, ContentSelectable -> Automatic, DefaultBaseStyle -> {}} GraphicsGroup3DBoxOptions Attributes[GraphicsGroup3DBoxOptions] = {Protected} GraphicsGroupBox Attributes[GraphicsGroupBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} Options[GraphicsGroupBox] = {BaseStyle -> {}, ContentSelectable -> Automatic, DefaultBaseStyle -> {}} GraphicsGroupBoxOptions Attributes[GraphicsGroupBoxOptions] = {Protected} GraphicsGrouping Attributes[GraphicsGrouping] = {Protected} GraphicsRow[{Subscript[g, 1],Subscript[g, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] generates a graphic in which the Subscript[g, i] are laid out in a row. GraphicsRow[list,spacing] leaves the specified spacing between successive elements.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GraphicsRow] GraphicsSpacing is an option for GraphicsArray which specifies the spacing between elements in the array. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GraphicsSpacing] GraphicsStyle Attributes[GraphicsStyle] = {Protected} GraphPlot[{Subscript[v, i1]->Subscript[v, j1],Subscript[v, i2]->Subscript[v, j2],\[Ellipsis]}] generates a plot of the graph in which vertex Subscript[v, ik] is connected to vertex Subscript[v, jk]. GraphPlot[{{Subscript[v, i1]->Subscript[v, j1],Subscript[lbl, 1]},\[Ellipsis]}] associates labels Subscript[lbl, k] with edges in the graph. GraphPlot[m] generates a plot of the graph represented by the adjacency matrix m.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GraphPlot] GraphPlot3D[{Subscript[v, i1]->Subscript[v, j1],Subscript[v, i2]->Subscript[v, j2],\[Ellipsis]}] generates a 3D plot of the graph in which vertex Subscript[v, ik] is connected to vertex Subscript[v, jk]. GraphPlot3D[{{Subscript[v, i1]->Subscript[v, j1],Subscript[lbl, 1]},\[Ellipsis]}] associates labels Subscript[lbl, k] with edges in the graph. GraphPlot[m] generates a plot of the graph represented by the adjacency matrix m.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GraphPlot3D] Gray represents the color gray in graphics or style specifications. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Gray] GrayLevel[level] is a graphics directive which specifies the gray-level intensity with which objects that follow should be displayed. GrayLevel[g,a] specifies opacity a. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GrayLevel] GreatCircleDistance Attributes[GreatCircleDistance] = {Protected, ReadProtected} x>y yields True if x is determined to be greater than y. Subscript[x, 1]>Subscript[x, 2]>Subscript[x, 3] yields True if the Subscript[x, i] form a strictly decreasing sequence. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Greater] x>=y or x>=y yields True if x is determined to be greater than or equal to y. Subscript[x, 1]>=Subscript[x, 2]>=Subscript[x, 3] yields True if the Subscript[x, i] form a non-increasing sequence. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GreaterEqual] GreaterEqualLess[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[GreaterEqualLess]y\[GreaterEqualLess]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GreaterEqualLess] GreaterFullEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[GreaterFullEqual]y\[GreaterFullEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GreaterFullEqual] GreaterGreater[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[GreaterGreater]y\[GreaterGreater]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GreaterGreater] GreaterLess[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[GreaterLess]y\[GreaterLess]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GreaterLess] GreaterSlantEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x>=y>=\[Ellipsis].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GreaterSlantEqual] GreaterTilde[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[GreaterTilde]y\[GreaterTilde]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GreaterTilde] Green represents the color green in graphics or style specifications. \ *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Green] Grid[{{Subscript[expr, 11],Subscript[expr, 12],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[expr, 21],Subscript[expr, 22],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] is an object that formats with the Subscript[expr, ij] arranged in a two-dimensional grid. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Grid] GridBaseline is an option for GridBox which specifies what place in the grid should be considered its baseline for purposes of alignment with surrounding objects. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GridBaseline] GridBox[{{Subscript[box, 11],Subscript[box, 12],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[box, 21],Subscript[box, 22],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] is a low-level box construct that represents a two-dimensional grid of boxes or strings in notebook expressions.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GridBox] GridBoxAlignment Attributes[GridBoxAlignment] = {Protected} GridBoxBackground Attributes[GridBoxBackground] = {Protected} GridBoxDividers Attributes[GridBoxDividers] = {Protected} GridBoxFrame Attributes[GridBoxFrame] = {Protected} GridBoxItemSize Attributes[GridBoxItemSize] = {Protected} GridBoxItemStyle Attributes[GridBoxItemStyle] = {Protected} GridBoxOptions Attributes[GridBoxOptions] = {Protected} GridBoxSpacings Attributes[GridBoxSpacings] = {Protected} GridCreationSettings->{Subscript[opt, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[opt, 2]->Subscript[val, 2],\[Ellipsis]} is a global option that specifies settings for the Create Table/Matrix dialog.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GridCreationSettings] GridDefaultElement is an option for the low-level function GridBox which specifies what to insert when a new element is created interactively in a GridBox. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GridDefaultElement] GridElementStyleOptions Attributes[GridElementStyleOptions] = {Protected} GridFrame is an option for grids that specifies whether a surrounding frame is drawn.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GridFrame] GridFrameMargins is an option for grids that specifies the spacing between the content of the grid and the frame surrounding it.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GridFrameMargins] GridLines is an option for two-dimensional graphics functions that specifies grid lines. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GridLines] GridLinesStyle is an option for 2D graphics functions that specifies how grid lines should be rendered.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GridLinesStyle] GroebnerBasis[{Subscript[poly, 1],Subscript[poly, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives a list of polynomials that form a Gröbner basis for the set of polynomials Subscript[poly, i]. GroebnerBasis[{Subscript[poly, 1],Subscript[poly, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] finds a Gröbner basis in which the Subscript[y, i] have been eliminated. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GroebnerBasis] GroupPageBreakWithin is an option for Cell which specifies whether a page break should be allowed within the group of cells if the notebook that contains the group is printed. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GroupPageBreakWithin] Gudermannian[z] gives the Gudermannian function gd(z).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Gudermannian] GumbelDistribution[\[Alpha],\[Beta]] represents a Gumbel distribution with location parameter \[Alpha] and scale parameter \[Beta].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/GumbelDistribution] HalfNormalDistribution[\[Theta]] represents a half-normal distribution with scale inversely proportional to parameter \[Theta].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HalfNormalDistribution] HammingDistance[u,v] gives the Hamming distance between strings or vectors u and v.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HammingDistance] HankelH1[n,z] gives the Hankel function of the first kind \!\(SubsuperscriptBox[\(H\), \(n\), \((1)\)](\* StyleBox["z", "TI"])\). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HankelH1] HankelH2[n,z] gives the Hankel function of the second kind \!\(SubsuperscriptBox[\(H\), \(n\), \((2)\)](\* StyleBox["z", "TI"])\). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HankelH2] HankelMatrix[n] gives the n*n Hankel matrix with first row and first column being successive integers. HankelMatrix[{Subscript[c, 1],Subscript[c, 2],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[c, n]}] gives the Hankel matrix whose first column consists of elements Subscript[c, 1], Subscript[c, 2], \[Ellipsis]. HankelMatrix[{Subscript[c, 1],Subscript[c, 2],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[c, m]},{Subscript[r, 1],Subscript[r, 2],\[Ellipsis], Subscript[r, n]}] gives the Hankel matrix with elements Subscript[c, i] down the first column, and Subscript[r, i] across the last row.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HankelMatrix] HarmonicMean[list] gives the harmonic mean of the values in list.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HarmonicMean] HarmonicMeanFilter[image,r] filters image by replacing every value by the harmonic mean of the values in its range r neighborhood. HarmonicMeanFilter[data,r] applies harmonic mean filtering to an array of data.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HarmonicMeanFilter] HarmonicNumber[n] gives the n\[Null]^th harmonic number Subscript[H, n]. HarmonicNumber[n,r] gives the harmonic number \!\*SubsuperscriptBox[\(H\), \(n\), \((r)\)] of order r. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HarmonicNumber] Hash[expr] gives an integer hash code for the expression expr. Hash[expr,"type"] gives an integer hash code of the specified type for expr.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Hash] HashTable is a part of the object which is returned by Dispatch. Haversine[z] gives the haversine function hav(z).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Haversine] Head[expr] gives the head of expr. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Head] HeadCompose[a, b, c, d] gives a[b][c][d]. Heads is an option for functions which use level specifications that specifies whether heads of expressions should be included. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Heads] HeavisideLambda[x] represents the triangle distribution \[CapitalLambda](x) which is nonzero for \[LeftBracketingBar]x\[RightBracketingBar]<1. HeavisideLambda[Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]] represents the multidimensional triangle distribution \[CapitalLambda](Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]) which is nonzero for \[LeftBracketingBar]Subscript[x, i]\[RightBracketingBar]<1.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HeavisideLambda] HeavisidePi[x] represents the box distribution \[CapitalPi](x), equal to 1 for \[LeftBracketingBar]x\[RightBracketingBar]<1/2 and 0 for \[LeftBracketingBar]x\[RightBracketingBar]>1/2. HeavisidePi[Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]] represents the multidimensional box distribution \[CapitalPi](Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]) which is 1 if all \[LeftBracketingBar]Subscript[x, i]\[RightBracketingBar]<1/2.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HeavisidePi] HeavisideTheta[x] represents the Heaviside theta function \[Theta](x), equal to 0 for x<0 and 1 for x>0. HeavisideTheta[Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]] represents the multidimensional Heaviside theta function which is 1 only if none of the Subscript[x, i] are not positive. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HeavisideTheta] HeldPart Attributes[HeldPart] = {NHoldRest, Protected} HelpBrowserLookup Attributes[HelpBrowserLookup] = {Protected, ReadProtected} HelpBrowserNotebook Attributes[HelpBrowserNotebook] = {Protected, ReadProtected} HelpBrowserSettings->{Subscript[opt, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[opt, 2]->Subscript[val, 2],\[Ellipsis]} is a global option that specifies settings for the legacy Help Browser.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HelpBrowserSettings] HermiteDecomposition[m] gives the Hermite normal form decomposition of an integer matrix m.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HermiteDecomposition] HermiteH[n,x] gives the Hermite polynomial Subscript[H, n](x). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HermiteH] HermitianMatrixQ[m] tests whether m is a Hermitian matrix.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HermitianMatrixQ] HessenbergDecomposition[m] gives the Hessenberg decomposition of a matrix m. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HessenbergDecomposition] Hessian Attributes[Hessian] = {Protected} HexadecimalCharacter represents a hexadecimal digit character 0\[Dash]9, a\[Dash]f, A\[Dash]F in StringExpression.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HexadecimalCharacter] HiddenSurface is an option for SurfaceGraphics which specifies whether hidden surfaces are to be eliminated. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HiddenSurface] HilbertMatrix[n] gives the n*n Hilbert matrix with elements of the form 1/(i+j-1). HilbertMatrix[{m,n}] gives the m*n Hilbert matrix.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HilbertMatrix] Histogram[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots a histogram of the values Subscript[x, i]. Histogram[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},w] plots a histogram with bin width specification w. Histogram[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},w,hspec] plots a histogram with bin heights computed according to the specification hspec. Histogram[{Subscript[data, 1],Subscript[data, 2],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]] plots histograms for multiple datasets Subscript[data, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Histogram] Histogram3D[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] plots a 3D histogram of the values {Subscript[x, i],Subscript[y, i]}. Histogram3D[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2]},\[Ellipsis]},bspec] plots a 3D histogram with bins specified by bspec. Histogram3D[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2]},\[Ellipsis]},bspec,hspec] plots a 3D histogram with bin heights computed according to the specification hspec. Histogram3D[{Subscript[data, 1],Subscript[data, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots 3D histograms for multiple datasets Subscript[data, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Histogram3D] HitMissTransform[image,ker] gives the hit-and-miss transform of image with respect to the composite structuring element ker. HitMissTransform[image,{Subscript[ker, 1],Subscript[ker, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the union of the hit-and-miss transforms for all the structuring elements Subscript[ker, i]. HitMissTransform[image,{Subscript[ker, 1],Subscript[ker, 2],\[Ellipsis]},t] treats values above t as foreground.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HitMissTransform] Hold[expr] maintains expr in an unevaluated form. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Hold] HoldAll is an attribute which specifies that all arguments to a function are to be maintained in an unevaluated form. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HoldAll] HoldAllComplete is an attribute which specifies that all arguments to a function are not to be modified or looked at in any way in the process of evaluation. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HoldAllComplete] HoldComplete[expr] shields expr completely from the standard Mathematica evaluation process, preventing even upvalues associated with expr from being used. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HoldComplete] HoldFirst is an attribute which specifies that the first argument to a function is to be maintained in an unevaluated form. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HoldFirst] HoldForm[expr] prints as the expression expr, with expr maintained in an unevaluated form. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HoldForm] HoldPattern[expr] is equivalent to expr for pattern matching, but maintains expr in an unevaluated form. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HoldPattern] HoldRest is an attribute which specifies that all but the first argument to a function are to be maintained in an unevaluated form. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HoldRest] HomeDirectory Attributes[HomeDirectory] = {Protected} HomePage Horizontal Attributes[Horizontal] = {Protected} HorizontalForm is an internal symbol used for formatting and printing. HorizontalScrollPosition Attributes[HorizontalScrollPosition] = {Protected} HornerForm[poly] puts the polynomial poly in Horner form. HornerForm[poly,vars] puts poly in Horner form with respect to the variable or variable list vars. HornerForm[Subscript[poly, 1]/Subscript[poly, 2]] puts the rational function Subscript[poly, 1]/Subscript[poly, 2] in Horner form by nesting Subscript[poly, 1] and Subscript[poly, 2]. HornerForm[Subscript[poly, 1]/Subscript[poly, 2],Subscript[vars, 1],Subscript[vars, 2]] puts Subscript[poly, 1]/Subscript[poly, 2] in Horner form using the variables or variable lists Subscript[vars, 1] and Subscript[vars, 2] for Subscript[poly, 1] and Subscript[poly, 2], respectively.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HornerForm] HTMLSave["file.html"] saves an HTML version of the current input notebook in the front end. HTMLSave["file.html","source.nb"] saves an HTML version of the notebook from the file source.nb. HTMLSave["file.html",notebook] saves an HTML version of the notebook corresponding to the specified notebook object. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HTMLSave] Hue[h] is a graphics directive which specifies that objects which follow are to be displayed, if possible, in a color corresponding to hue h. Hue[h,s,b] specifies colors in terms of hue, saturation and brightness. Hue[h,s,b,a] specifies opacity a. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Hue] HumpDownHump[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[HumpDownHump]y\[HumpDownHump]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HumpDownHump] HumpEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[HumpEqual]y\[HumpEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HumpEqual] HurwitzLerchPhi[z,s,a] gives the Hurwitz Lerch transcendent \[CapitalPhi](z,s,a).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HurwitzLerchPhi] HurwitzZeta[s,a] gives the Hurwitz zeta function \[Zeta](s,a).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HurwitzZeta] Hyperfactorial[n] gives the hyperfactorial function H(n).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Hyperfactorial] Hypergeometric0F1[a,z] is the confluent hypergeometric function Subscript[\[Null], 0]Subscript[F, 1](;a;z). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Hypergeometric0F1] Hypergeometric0F1Regularized[a,z] is the regularized confluent hypergeometric function Subscript[\[Null], 0]Subscript[F, 1](a;z)/\[CapitalGamma](a). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Hypergeometric0F1Regularized] Hypergeometric1F1[a,b,z] is the Kummer confluent hypergeometric function Subscript[\[Null], 1]Subscript[F, 1](a;b;z). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Hypergeometric1F1] Hypergeometric1F1Regularized[a,b,z] is the regularized confluent hypergeometric function Subscript[\[Null], 1]Subscript[F, 1](a;b;z)/\[CapitalGamma](b). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Hypergeometric1F1Regularized] Hypergeometric2F1[a,b,c,z] is the hypergeometric function \!\(\(\*SubscriptBox[\(\[InvisiblePrefixScriptBase]\), \(2\)]\)\(\*SubscriptBox[\(F\), \(1\)]\)\)(a,b;c;z). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Hypergeometric2F1] Hypergeometric2F1Regularized[a,b,c,z] is the regularized hypergeometric function Subscript[\[Null], 2]Subscript[F, 1](a,b;c;z)/\[CapitalGamma](c). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Hypergeometric2F1Regularized] HypergeometricDistribution[n,Subscript[n, succ],Subscript[n, tot]] represents a hypergeometric distribution.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HypergeometricDistribution] HypergeometricPFQ[{Subscript[a, 1],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[a, p]},{Subscript[b, 1],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[b, q]},z] is the generalized hypergeometric function Subscript[\[Null], p]Subscript[F, q](a;b;z). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HypergeometricPFQ] HypergeometricPFQRegularized[{Subscript[a, 1],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[a, p]},{Subscript[b, 1],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[b, q]},z] is the regularized generalized hypergeometric function Subscript[\[Null], p]Subscript[F, q](a;b;z)/(\[CapitalGamma](Subscript[b, 1])\[Ellipsis] \[CapitalGamma](Subscript[b, q])). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HypergeometricPFQRegularized] HypergeometricU[a,b,z] is the confluent hypergeometric function U(a,b,z). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/HypergeometricU] Hyperlink[uri] represents a hyperlink that jumps to the specified URI when clicked. Hyperlink[label,uri] represents a hyperlink to be displayed as label. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Hyperlink] HyperlinkCreationSettings Attributes[HyperlinkCreationSettings] = {Protected} Hyphenation is an option for Cell which specifies whether to allow hyphenation for words of text. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Hyphenation] HyphenationOptions Attributes[HyphenationOptions] = {Protected} I represents the imaginary unit Sqrt[-1]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/I] Identity[G] returns the (two-sided) identity of the structure G, if it exists. If there is no identity, a message indicates this. For groups, this is identical in functionality to GroupIdentity[G]. HasIdentityQ[G] is similar, except it only returns True or False regarding the existence. When used with rings, the Operation option can be used, which can have the value Addition, Multiplication or Both. This use is equivalent to RingIdentity. Available option: Mode (possible values: Computational, Textual, Visual, and All). The standard (built-in) usage still exists: Identity[expr] gives expr (the identity operation).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Identity] IdentityMatrix[n] gives the n*n identity matrix. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IdentityMatrix] If[condition,t,f] gives t if condition evaluates to True, and f if it evaluates to False. If[condition,t,f,u] gives u if condition evaluates to neither True nor False. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/If] IgnoreCase is an option for string manipulation and searching functions that specifies whether lowercase and uppercase letters should be treated as equivalent. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IgnoreCase] Im[z] gives the imaginary part of the complex number z. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Im] Image[f] returns a Groupoid or Ringoid (as appropriate) consisting of the image values of the Morphoid f. Additionally, Image[f, S] returns the images of the substructure S of the domain of f. Available option: Mode (possible values: Computational, Textual, Visual, and All).* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Image] ImageAdd[image,x] adds an amount x to each channel value in image. ImageAdd[Subscript[image, 1],Subscript[image, 2]] gives an image in which each pixel is the sum of the corresponding pixels in Subscript[image, 1] and Subscript[image, 2].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageAdd] ImageAdjust[image] adjusts the levels in image, rescaling them to cover the range 0 to 1. ImageAdjust[image,c] adjusts the contrast of image by an amount c. ImageAdjust[image,{c,b}] adjusts the contrast by an amount c and the brightness by an amount b. ImageAdjust[image,{c,b,\[Gamma]}] also performs a gamma correction by raising values to the power \[Gamma]. ImageAdjust[image,corr,{Subscript[in, min],Subscript[in, max]}] first rescales so that the range of input values Subscript[in, min] to Subscript[in, max] is mapped to 0 to 1. ImageAdjust[image,corr,{Subscript[in, min],Subscript[in, max]},{Subscript[out, min],Subscript[out, max]}] rescales so that the range of input values Subscript[in, min] to Subscript[in, max] is mapped to Subscript[out, min] to Subscript[out, max].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageAdjust] ImageApply[f,image] applies the function f to the list of channel values for each pixel in image. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageApply] ImageAssemble[{{Subscript[image, 11],Subscript[image, 12],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[image, 21],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] assembles a single image from an array of images.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageAssemble] ImageCache Attributes[ImageCache] = {Protected} ImageCacheValid Attributes[ImageCacheValid] = {Protected} ImageChannels[image] gives the number of channels present in the data for the Image object image.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageChannels] ImageCompose[image,overlay] gives the result of overlaying obj onto image. ImageCompose[image,{overlay,\[Alpha]}] gives the result of alpha-blending overlay into image using blending fraction \[Alpha]. ImageCompose[image,overlay,pos] places the center of overlay at position pos in image. ImageCompose[image,overlay,pos,opos] places the point opos in overlay at position pos in image. ImageCompose[image,overlay,pos,opos,{Subscript[f, i],Subscript[f, o],mode}] uses the compositing fractions Subscript[f, k] and the specified compositing mode.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageCompose] ImageConvolve[image,ker] gives the convolution of image with kernel ker.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageConvolve] ImageCorrelate[image,ker] gives the correlation of image with kernel ker.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageCorrelate] ImageCrop[image] crops image by removing borders of uniform color. ImageCrop[image,{w,h)] crops image to pixel width w and pixel height h. ImageCrop[image,size] crops image based on the size specification size. ImageCrop[image,size,spec] crops image by removing pixels from sides specified by spec.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageCrop] ImageData[image] gives the array of pixel values in image. ImageData[image,"type"] gives the array of pixel values converted to the specified type.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageData] ImageDataPacket ImageDimensions[image] gives the pixel dimensions of the raster associated with an Image object image.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageDimensions] ImageEffect[image,"effect"] applies the specified image effect to image. ImageEffect[image,{"effect",params}] uses parameters params.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageEffect] ImageFilter[f,image,r] applies the function f to the range r neighborhood of each pixel in each channel of image.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageFilter] ImageHistogram[image] plots a histogram of the pixel levels for each channel in image. ImageHistogram[image,n] uses n levels for each channel. ImageHistogram[image,n,{min,max}] puts all values into n bins between min and max.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageHistogram] ImageLevels[image] gives a list of pixel values and counts for each channel in image. ImageLevels[image,n] bins pixel values into n equally spaced levels. ImageLevels[image,n,{min,max}] puts all values into n bins between min and max.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageLevels] ImageMargins is an option which specifies the absolute margins to leave around the image displayed for an object. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageMargins] ImageMultiply[image,x] multiplies each channel value in image by a factor x. ImageMultiply[Subscript[image, 1],Subscript[image, 2]] gives an image in which each pixel is the product of the corresponding pixels in Subscript[image, 1] and Subscript[image, 2].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageMultiply] ImageOffset Attributes[ImageOffset] = {Protected} ImagePad[image,m] pads image on all sides with m background pixels. ImagePad[image,m,padding] pads image on all sides using the value or method specified by padding. ImagePad[image,{{left,right},{bottom,top}},\[Ellipsis]] pads image with the specified numbers of pixels on each side.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImagePad] ImagePadding is an option for graphics functions that specifies what absolute extra padding should be left for extended objects such as thick lines and annotations such as tick and axis labels.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImagePadding] ImagePartition[image,s] partitions an image into an array of s*s subimages. ImagePartition[image,{w,h}] partitions an image into an array of subimages of width w and height h. ImagePartition[image,{w,h},{dw,dh}] uses offsets dw and dh.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImagePartition] ImageQ[image] yields True if image has the form of a valid Image object, and False otherwise.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageQ] ImageRangeCache Attributes[ImageRangeCache] = {Protected} ImageReflect[image] reverses image by top-bottom mirror reflection. ImageReflect[image,side] reverses image by reflecting it so that the specified side goes to the opposite side. ImageReflect[image,Subscript[side, 1]->Subscript[side, 2]] reflects image so that Subscript[side, 1] is interchanged with Subscript[side, 2].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageReflect] ImageRegion is an option for cells that specifies the size and position of the bounding box within which a graphic is rendered.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageRegion] ImageResize[image,w] gives a resized version of image that is w pixels wide. ImageResize[image,{s}] gives a resized version of image with a maximum pixel width or height given by s. ImageResize[image,{w,h}] gives a resized version of image that has exactly the specified pixel width and height. ImageResize[image,{{Subscript[w, max]},{Subscript[h, max]}}] gives a resized version of image that has the specified maximum width and height.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageResize] ImageResolution is an option for Export, Rasterize and related functions which specifies at what resolution bitmap images should be rendered. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageResolution] ImageReverse Attributes[ImageReverse] = {Protected, ReadProtected} ImageRotate[image] rotates image counterclockwise by 90\[Degree]. ImageRotate[image,side] rotates image to make the top of the image be on the specified side. ImageRotate[image,Subscript[side, 1]->Subscript[side, 2]] rotates image to make Subscript[side, 1] be on Subscript[side, 2]. ImageRotate[image,\[Theta]] rotates image counterclockwise by \[Theta] radians.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageRotate] ImageRotated is an option for Export which specifies whether images should be rotated into landscape mode. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageRotated] ImageScaled[{x,y}] gives the position of a graphical object in terms of coordinates scaled to run from 0 to 1 across the whole image region in each direction. ImageScaled[{dx,dy},{Subscript[x, 0],Subscript[y, 0]}] gives a position obtained by starting at ordinary coordinates {Subscript[x, 0],Subscript[y, 0]}, then moving by an image-scaled offset {dx,dy}. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageScaled] ImageSize is an option which specifies the overall size of an image to display for an object. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageSize] ImageSizeAction is an option for Pane and related constructs which specifies what to do if the specified ImageSize setting does not match the size of the contents.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageSizeAction] ImageSizeCache Attributes[ImageSizeCache] = {Protected} ImageSizeMultipliers is an option which specifies how much smaller to render graphics that appear within other constructs.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageSizeMultipliers] ImageSizeRaw Attributes[ImageSizeRaw] = {Protected} ImageSubtract[image,x] subtracts a constant amount x from each channel value in image. ImageSubtract[Subscript[image, 1],Subscript[image, 2]] gives an image in which each pixel is obtained by subtracting the values of the corresponding pixels in Subscript[image, 1] and Subscript[image, 2].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageSubtract] ImageTake[image,n] gives an image consisting of the first n rows of image. ImageTake[image,-n] gives an image consisting of the last n rows of image. ImageTake[image,{Subscript[row, 1],Subscript[row, 2]}] gives rows Subscript[row, 1] through Subscript[row, 2]. ImageTake[image,{Subscript[row, 1],Subscript[row, 2]},{Subscript[col, 1],Subscript[col, 2]}] gives the image that spans Subscript[row, 1] to Subscript[row, 2] and Subscript[col, 1] to Subscript[col, 2].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageTake] ImageType[image] gives the underlying type of values used for each pixel element in the Image object image.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImageType] Implies[p,q] represents the logical implication p\[DoubleRightArrow]q. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Implies] Import["file"] imports data from a file, returning a complete Mathematica version of it. Import["file",elements] imports the specified elements from a file. Import["http://url",\[Ellipsis]] and Import["ftp://url",\[Ellipsis]] imports from any accessible URL. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Import] ImportAutoReplacements is an option for cells that specifies which replacement rules Mathematica automatically applies when importing text.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImportAutoReplacements] ImportString["data","format"] imports data in the specified format from a string. ImportString["data",elements] imports the specified elements. ImportString["data"] attempts to determine the format of the string from its contents.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ImportString] In[n] is a global object that is assigned to have a delayed value of the n\[Null]^th input line. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/In] IncludeConstantBasis is an option for LinearModelFit and other fitting functions which specifies whether a constant term should be included if not explicitly given in the list of basis functions.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IncludeConstantBasis] IncludeFileExtension is an option for notebooks that specifies whether the suffix \[OpenCurlyDoubleQuote].nb\[CloseCurlyDoubleQuote] is automatically appended to a notebook\[CloseCurlyQuote]s name when it is first saved.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IncludeFileExtension] IncludeSingularTerm is an option for LerchPhi and Zeta. With IncludeSingularTerm -> True, terms involving ((k + a)^2)^(-s/2) with k + a == 0 are included. With IncludeSingularTerm -> False, they are not. x++ increases the value of x by 1, returning the old value of x. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Increment] Indent Attributes[Indent] = {Protected, ReadProtected} IndentingNewlineSpacings Attributes[IndentingNewlineSpacings] = {Protected} IndentMaxFraction Attributes[IndentMaxFraction] = {Protected} Indeterminate is an option for the Poly function (that creates polynomials). The default value is 'x', though one can specify any other symbol as the indeterminate to be used in a polynomial. The standard (built-in) usage still exists: Indeterminate is a symbol that represents a numerical quantity whose magnitude cannot be determined.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Indeterminate] IndexCreationOptions Attributes[IndexCreationOptions] = {Protected} IndexTag Attributes[IndexTag] = {Protected} Inequality represents a sequence of relational statements. InexactNumberQ[expr] returns True if expr is an inexact real or complex number, and returns False otherwise.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InexactNumberQ] InexactNumbers represents an option value for CoefficientDomain which specifies that the computation should be done using approximate coefficient arithmetic. Infinity or \[Infinity] is a symbol that represents a positive infinite quantity. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Infinity] Infix[f[Subscript[e, 1],Subscript[e, 2],\[Ellipsis]]] prints with f[Subscript[e, 1],Subscript[e, 2],\[Ellipsis]] given in default infix form: Subscript[e, 1]~f~Subscript[e, 2]~f~Subscript[e, 3]\[Ellipsis]. Infix[expr,h] prints with arguments separated by h: Subscript[e, 1] h Subscript[e, 2] h Subscript[e, 3]\[Ellipsis]. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Infix] Information[symbol] prints information about a symbol. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Information] Inherited represents an option value to be inherited from an enclosing style, cell or notebook. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Inherited] InheritScope Attributes[InheritScope] = {Protected, ReadProtected} Initialization is an option for Dynamic, DynamicModule, Manipulate and related constructs, which specifies an expression to be evaluated when the construct is first used or displayed. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Initialization] InitializationCell is an option for Cell which specifies whether the cell should be tagged to be evaluated by the Mathematica kernel when the notebook that contains it is opened. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InitializationCell] InitializationCellEvaluation is an option for notebooks that specifies whether initialization cells in a notebook are automatically evaluated when the notebook is opened.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InitializationCellEvaluation] InitializationCellWarning is an option for notebooks that specifies whether a warning should be given when a notebook containing initialization cells is opened.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InitializationCellWarning] InlineCounterAssignments Attributes[InlineCounterAssignments] = {Protected} InlineCounterIncrements Attributes[InlineCounterIncrements] = {Protected} InlineRules Attributes[InlineRules] = {Protected} Inner[f,Subscript[list, 1],Subscript[list, 2],g] is a generalization of Dot in which f plays the role of multiplication and g of addition. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Inner] Input[] interactively reads in one Mathematica expression. Input[prompt] requests input, displaying prompt as a "prompt". Input[prompt,init] in a notebook front end uses init as the initial contents of the input field.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Input] InputAliases is an option for cells and notebooks which specifies additional Esc\[ThinSpace]name\[ThinSpace]Esc aliases to be allowed on input. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InputAliases] InputAutoFormat Attributes[InputAutoFormat] = {Protected} InputAutoReplacements is an option for cells and notebooks which specifies strings of characters that should be replaced immediately on input. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InputAutoReplacements] InputField[] represents a blank editable input field. InputField[x] represents an editable input field that currently contains the expression x. InputField[Dynamic[x]] takes the contents of the input field to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the value of x being reset if new contents are entered. InputField[x,String] represents an input field whose contents are taken to be a string. InputField[x,Number] represents an input field whose contents are taken to be a number. InputField[x,type] represents an input field whose contents are taken to be of the specified type. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InputField] InputFieldBox Attributes[InputFieldBox] = {Protected, ReadProtected} InputFieldBoxOptions Attributes[InputFieldBoxOptions] = {Protected} InputForm[expr] prints as a version of expr suitable for input to Mathematica. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InputForm] InputGrouping Attributes[InputGrouping] = {Protected} InputNamePacket[string] is a MathLink packet that contains in string the name to be assigned to the next input.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InputNamePacket] InputNotebook[] gives the current notebook into which keyboard input in the front end will be directed. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InputNotebook] InputPacket[] is a MathLink packet that indicates a prompt for input as generated by Input.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InputPacket] InputSettings Attributes[InputSettings] = {Protected} InputStream["name",n] is an object that represents an input stream for functions such as Read and Find. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InputStream] InputString[] interactively reads in a character string. InputString[prompt] requests input, displaying prompt as a "prompt". InputString[prompt,init] in a notebook front end uses init as the initial contents of the input field.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InputString] InputStringPacket[] is a MathLink packet that requests input in string form.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InputStringPacket] InputToBoxFormPacket is an internal symbol used for formatting. Insert[list,elem,n] inserts elem at position n in list. If n is negative, the position is counted from the end. Insert[expr,elem,{i,j,\[Ellipsis]}] inserts elem at position {i,j,\[Ellipsis]} in expr. Insert[expr,elem,{{Subscript[i, 1],Subscript[j, 1],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[i, 2],Subscript[j, 2],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] inserts elem at several positions. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Insert] InsertionPointObject Attributes[InsertionPointObject] = {Protected} Inset[obj] represents an object obj inset in a graphic. Inset[obj,pos] specifies that the inset should be placed at position pos in the graphic. Inset[obj,pos,opos] aligns the inset so that position opos in the object lies at position pos in the enclosing graphic. Inset[obj,pos,opos,size] specifies the size of the inset in the coordinate system of the enclosing graphic. Inset[obj,pos,opos,size,dirs] specifies that the axes of the inset should be oriented in directions dirs. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Inset] Inset3DBox Attributes[Inset3DBox] = {Protected} InsetBox Attributes[InsetBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} Options[InsetBox] = {Alignment -> {Center, Center}, Background -> None, BaseStyle -> {}, ContentSelectable -> Automatic, DefaultBaseStyle -> {}, FormatType -> Automatic} InsetBoxOptions Attributes[InsetBoxOptions] = {Protected} Install["name"] starts a MathLink-compatible external program and installs Mathematica definitions to call functions in it. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Install] InstallService["url"] installs the web service operations in the WSDL description at the URL given. InstallService["url", "context`"] installs web service operations, creating functions in the specified context.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InstallService] InString[n] is a global object that is assigned to be the text of the n\[Null]^th input line. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InString] Integer is the head used for integers. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Integer] IntegerDigits[n] gives a list of the decimal digits in the integer n. IntegerDigits[n,b] gives a list of the base-b digits in the integer n. IntegerDigits[n,b,len] pads the list on the left with zeros to give a list of length len. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IntegerDigits] IntegerExponent[n,b] gives the highest power of b that divides n. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IntegerExponent] IntegerLength[n] gives the number of digits in the base 10 representation of the integer n. IntegerLength[n,b] gives the number of digits in the base b representation of n.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IntegerLength] IntegerPart[x] gives the integer part of x. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IntegerPart] IntegerPartitions[n] gives a list of all possible ways to partition the integer n into smaller integers. IntegerPartitions[n,k] gives partitions into at most k integers. IntegerPartitions[n,{k}] gives partitions into exactly k integers. IntegerPartitions[n,{Subscript[k, min],Subscript[k, max]}] gives partitions into between Subscript[k, min] and Subscript[k, max] integers. IntegerPartitions[n,kspec,{Subscript[s, 1],Subscript[s, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives partitions involving only the Subscript[s, i]. IntegerPartitions[n,kspec,sspec,m] limits the result to the first m partitions. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IntegerPartitions] IntegerQ[expr] gives True if expr is an integer, and False otherwise. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IntegerQ] Integers represents the domain of integers, as in x\[Element]Integers. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Integers] IntegerString[n] gives a string consisting of the decimal digits in the integer n. IntegerString[n,b] gives a string consisting of the base b digits in the integer n. IntegerString[n,b,len] pads the string on the left with zero digits to give a string of length len. IntegerString[n,"Roman"] gives the Roman numeral form of n.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IntegerString] Integral Integrate[f,x] gives the indefinite integral \[Integral]f d x. Integrate[f,{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]}] gives the definite integral \!\(\*SubsuperscriptBox["\[Integral]", SubscriptBox["x", StyleBox["min", "TI"]], SubscriptBox["x", StyleBox["max", "TI"]]]\ f\ d x\). Integrate[f,{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]},{y,Subscript[y, min],Subscript[y, max]},\[Ellipsis]] gives the multiple integral \!\(\*SubsuperscriptBox["\[Integral]", SubscriptBox["x", StyleBox["min", "TI"]], SubscriptBox["x", StyleBox["max", "TI"]]]\(d x \(\*SubsuperscriptBox["\[Integral]", SubscriptBox["y", StyleBox["min", "TI"]], SubscriptBox["y", StyleBox["max", "TI"]]]d y\ \[Ellipsis]\ f\)\)\). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Integrate] Interactive Attributes[Interactive] = {Protected, ReadProtected} InterestRate Attributes[InterestRate] = {Protected, ReadProtected} Interlaced Attributes[Interlaced] = {Protected} Interleaving is an option for Image and related functions that specifies whether data corresponding to different channels in an object such as an image should be interleaved.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Interleaving] InterpolatingFunction[domain,table] represents an approximate function whose values are found by interpolation. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InterpolatingFunction] InterpolatingPolynomial[R,{{x,y},...}] returns the interpolating polynomial of degree at most n-1 where n is the number of pairs in {{x,y},...}. The x coordinates must all be distinct and R should be a field, for example Z[p] for prime p. The standard (built-in) usage still exists: InterpolatingPolynomial[data, var] gives a polynomial in the variable var which provides an exact fit to a list of data. The data can have the forms {{x1, f1}, {x2, f2}, ...} or {f1, f2, ...}, where in the second case, the xi are taken to have values 1, 2, .... The fi can be replaced by {fi, dfi, ddfi, ...}, specifying derivatives at the points xi.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InterpolatingPolynomial] Interpolation[{Subscript[f, 1],Subscript[f, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] constructs an interpolation of the function values Subscript[f, i], assumed to correspond to x values 1, 2, \[Ellipsis] . Interpolation[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[f, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[f, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] constructs an interpolation of the function values Subscript[f, i] corresponding to x values Subscript[x, i]. Interpolation[{{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],\[Ellipsis]},Subscript[f, 1]},{{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]},Subscript[f, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] constructs an interpolation of multidimensional data. Interpolation[{{{Subscript[x, 1],\[Ellipsis]},Subscript[f, 1],Subscript[df, 1],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] constructs an interpolation that reproduces derivatives as well as function values. Interpolation[data,x] find an interpolation of data at the point x.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Interpolation] InterpolationOrder is an option for Interpolation, as well as ListLinePlot, ListPlot3D, ListContourPlot and related functions, that specifies what order of interpolation to use.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InterpolationOrder] InterpolationPoints is an option to FunctionInterpolation[f, range] when elements of range are of the form {x, x1, x2} or x. It gives the number of points used in the new InterpolatingFunction. InterpolationPrecision Attributes[InterpolationPrecision] = {Protected} Interpretation[e,expr] represents an object which displays as e, but is interpreted as the unevaluated form of expr if supplied as input. Interpretation[{x=Subscript[x, 0],y=Subscript[y, 0],\[Ellipsis]},e,expr] allows local variables x, y, \[Ellipsis] in e and expr.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Interpretation] InterpretationBox[boxes,expr] is a low-level box construct that displays as boxes but is interpreted on input as expr. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InterpretationBox] InterpretationBoxOptions->{Subscript[opt, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[opt, 2]->Subscript[val, 2],\[Ellipsis]} is an option for selections that specifies settings for InterpretationBox constructs.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InterpretationBoxOptions] InterpretationFunction Attributes[InterpretationFunction] = {Protected} InterpretTemplate is an experimental function used for interpreting Mathematica input. InterquartileRange[list] gives the difference between the upper and lower quartiles for the elements in list. InterquartileRange[dist] gives the difference between the upper and lower quartiles for the symbolic distribution dist.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InterquartileRange] Interrupt[] generates an interrupt. \ *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Interrupt] InterruptSettings Attributes[InterruptSettings] = {Protected} Intersection[Subscript[list, 1],Subscript[list, 2],\[Ellipsis]] gives a sorted list of the elements common to all the Subscript[list, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Intersection] Interval[{min,max}] represents the range of values between min and max. Interval[{\!\(\*SubscriptBox[ StyleBox["min", "TI"], StyleBox["1", "TR"]]\(\(,\)\*SubscriptBox[ StyleBox["max", "TI"], StyleBox["1", "TR"]]\)\)},{\!\(\*SubscriptBox[ StyleBox["min", "TI"], StyleBox["2", "TR"]]\(\(,\)\*SubscriptBox[ StyleBox["max", "TI"], StyleBox["2", "TR"]]\)\)},\[Ellipsis]] represents the union of the ranges Subscript[min, 1] to Subscript[max, 1], Subscript[min, 2] to Subscript[max, 2], \[Ellipsis]. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Interval] IntervalIntersection[Subscript[interval, 1],Subscript[interval, 2],\[Ellipsis]] gives the interval representing all points common to each of the Subscript[interval, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IntervalIntersection] IntervalMemberQ[interval,x] gives True if the number x lies within the specified interval, and False otherwise. IntervalMemberQ[Subscript[interval, 1],Subscript[interval, 2]] gives True if Subscript[interval, 2] is completely contained within Subscript[interval, 1]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IntervalMemberQ] IntervalUnion[Subscript[interval, 1],Subscript[interval, 2],\[Ellipsis]] gives the interval representing the set of all points in any of the Subscript[interval, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IntervalUnion] Inverse[G, g] returns the inverse of g in G, if it exists, otherwise $Failed. When used with rings, the Operation option can be used, which can have the value Addition, Multiplication or Both. The standard (built-in) usage still exists: Inverse[m] gives the inverse of a square matrix m. Available option: Mode (possible values: Computational, Textual, Visual, All, and Interactive (on group elements)).* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Inverse] InverseBetaRegularized[s,a,b] gives the inverse of the regularized incomplete beta function. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseBetaRegularized] InverseCDF[dist,q] gives the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for the symbolic distribution dist as a function of the variable q.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseCDF] InverseChiSquareDistribution[\[Nu]] represents an inverse \[Chi]^2 distribution with \[Nu] degrees of freedom. InverseChiSquareDistribution[\[Nu],\[Xi]] represents a scaled inverse \[Chi]^2 distribution with \[Nu] degrees of freedom and scale \[Xi].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseChiSquareDistribution] InverseEllipticNomeQ[q] gives the parameter m corresponding to the nome q in an elliptic function. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseEllipticNomeQ] InverseErf[s] gives the inverse error function obtained as the solution for z in s=erf(z). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseErf] InverseErfc[s] gives the inverse complementary error function obtained as the solution for z in s=erfc(z). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseErfc] InverseFourier[list] finds the discrete inverse Fourier transform of a list of complex numbers. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseFourier] InverseFourierCosTransform[expr,\[Omega],t] gives the symbolic inverse Fourier cosine transform of expr. InverseFourierCosTransform[expr,{Subscript[\[Omega], 1],Subscript[\[Omega], 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[t, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multidimensional inverse Fourier cosine transform of expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseFourierCosTransform] InverseFourierSequenceTransform[expr,\[Omega],n] gives the inverse discrete-time Fourier transform of expr. InverseFourierSequenceTransform[expr,{Subscript[\[Omega], 1],Subscript[\[Omega], 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multidimensional inverse Fourier sequence transform.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseFourierSequenceTransform] InverseFourierSinTransform[expr,\[Omega],t] gives the symbolic inverse Fourier sine transform of expr. InverseFourierSinTransform[expr,{Subscript[\[Omega], 1],Subscript[\[Omega], 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[t, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multidimensional inverse Fourier sine transform of expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseFourierSinTransform] InverseFourierTransform[expr,\[Omega],t] gives the symbolic inverse Fourier transform of expr. InverseFourierTransform[expr,{Subscript[\[Omega], 1],Subscript[\[Omega], 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[t, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multidimensional inverse Fourier transform of expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseFourierTransform] InverseFunction[f] represents the inverse of the function f, defined so that InverseFunction[f][y] gives the value of x for which f[x] is equal to y. InverseFunction[f,n,tot] represents the inverse with respect to the n\[Null]\[Null]^th argument when there are tot arguments in all. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseFunction] InverseFunctions is an option for Solve and related functions which specifies whether inverse functions should be used. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseFunctions] InverseGammaDistribution[\[Alpha],\[Beta]] represents an inverse gamma distribution with shape parameter \[Alpha] and scale parameter \[Beta].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseGammaDistribution] InverseGammaRegularized[a,s] gives the inverse of the regularized incomplete gamma function. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseGammaRegularized] InverseGaussianDistribution[\[Mu],\[Lambda]] represents an inverse Gaussian distribution with mean \[Mu] and scale parameter \[Lambda].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseGaussianDistribution] InverseGudermannian[z] gives the inverse Gudermannian function gd^-1(z).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseGudermannian] InverseHaversine[z] gives the inverse haversine function hav^-1(z).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseHaversine] InverseJacobiCD[v,m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function cd^-1(v\[VerticalSeparator]m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseJacobiCD] InverseJacobiCN[v,m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function cn^-1(v\[VerticalSeparator]m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseJacobiCN] InverseJacobiCS[v,m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function cs^-1(v\[VerticalSeparator]m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseJacobiCS] InverseJacobiDC[v,m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function dc^-1(v\[VerticalSeparator]m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseJacobiDC] InverseJacobiDN[v,m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function dn^-1(v\[VerticalSeparator]m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseJacobiDN] InverseJacobiDS[v,m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function ds^-1(v\[VerticalSeparator]m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseJacobiDS] InverseJacobiNC[v,m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function nc^-1(v\[VerticalSeparator]m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseJacobiNC] InverseJacobiND[v,m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function nd^-1(v\[VerticalSeparator]m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseJacobiND] InverseJacobiNS[v,m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function ns^-1(v\[VerticalSeparator]m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseJacobiNS] InverseJacobiSC[v,m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function sc^-1(v\[VerticalSeparator]m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseJacobiSC] InverseJacobiSD[v,m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function sd^-1(v\[VerticalSeparator]m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseJacobiSD] InverseJacobiSN[v,m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function sn^-1(v\[VerticalSeparator]m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseJacobiSN] InverseLaplaceTransform[expr,s,t] gives the inverse Laplace transform of expr. InverseLaplaceTransform[expr,{Subscript[s, 1],Subscript[s, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[t, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multidimensional inverse Laplace transform of expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseLaplaceTransform] InverseSeries[s] takes the series s, and gives a series for the inverse of the function represented by s. InverseSeries[s,x] uses the variable x in the inverse series.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseSeries] InverseWeierstrassP[p,{Subscript[g, 2],Subscript[g, 3]}] gives a value of u for which the Weierstrass function \[WeierstrassP] (u;Subscript[g, 2],Subscript[g, 3]) is equal to p. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseWeierstrassP] InverseZTransform[expr,z,n] gives the inverse Z transform of expr. InverseZTransform[expr,{Subscript[z, 1],Subscript[z, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multiple inverse Z transform of expr.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/InverseZTransform] Invisible[expr] displays as space that is the same size as the formatted version of expr.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Invisible] InvisibleApplication InvisibleTimes IrreduciblePolynomialQ[poly] tests whether poly is an irreducible polynomial over the rationals. IrreduciblePolynomialQ[poly,Modulus->p] tests whether poly is irreducible modulo a prime p. IrreduciblePolynomialQ[poly,Extension->{Subscript[a, 1],Subscript[a, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] tests whether poly is irreducible over the field extension generated by the algebraic numbers Subscript[a, i]. IrreduciblePolynomialQ[poly,Extension->All] tests whether poly is absolutely irreducible over the complex numbers.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IrreduciblePolynomialQ] IsolatingInterval[a] gives a rational isolating interval for the algebraic number a. IsolatingInterval[a,dx] gives an isolating interval of width at most dx.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IsolatingInterval] IsotopeData[{Z,A},"property"] gives the value of the specified property for the isotope with atomic number Z and mass number A. IsotopeData["name","property"] gives the value of the property for the named isotope.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IsotopeData] Italic represents an italic font slant.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Italic] Item[expr,options] represents an item within constructs such as Grid, PopupMenu or TabView that displays with expr as the content, and with the specified options applied to the region containing expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Item] ItemAspectRatio is an option for GraphicsGrid which specifies the ratio of height to width for the regions in which items are placed in the graphics grid.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ItemAspectRatio] ItemBox Attributes[ItemBox] = {Protected, ReadProtected} ItemBoxOptions Attributes[ItemBoxOptions] = {Protected} ItemSize is an option for Grid, Column and related constructs that specifies the sizes to allow for items.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ItemSize] ItemStyle is an option for Grid, Column and related constructs that specifies styles to use for items.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ItemStyle] JaccardDissimilarity[u,v] gives the Jaccard dissimilarity between Boolean vectors u and v.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JaccardDissimilarity] JacobiAmplitude[u,m] gives the amplitude am(u\[VerticalSeparator]m) for Jacobi elliptic functions. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JacobiAmplitude] Jacobian is an option for FindRoot. Jacobian -> Automatic attempts symbolic computation of the Jacobian of the system of functions whose root is being sought. A typical setting is Jacobian -> {{2 x, Sign[y]}, {y, x}}. JacobiCD[u,m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function cd(u|m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JacobiCD] JacobiCN[u,m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function cn(u|m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JacobiCN] JacobiCS[u,m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function cs(u|m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JacobiCS] JacobiDC[u,m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function dc(u|m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JacobiDC] JacobiDN[u,m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function dn(u|m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JacobiDN] JacobiDS[u,m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function ds(u|m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JacobiDS] JacobiNC[u,m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function nc(u|m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JacobiNC] JacobiND[u,m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function nd(u|m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JacobiND] JacobiNS[u,m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function ns(u|m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JacobiNS] JacobiP[n,a,b,x] gives the Jacobi polynomial \!\(SubsuperscriptBox[\(P\), \(n\), \((a, b)\)](\* StyleBox["x", "TI"])\). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JacobiP] JacobiSC[u,m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function sc(u|m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JacobiSC] JacobiSD[u,m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function sd(u|m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JacobiSD] JacobiSN[u,m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function sn(u|m).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JacobiSN] JacobiSymbol[n,m] gives the Jacobi symbol (n/m). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JacobiSymbol] JacobiZeta[\[Phi],m] gives the Jacobi zeta function Z(\[Phi]\[VerticalSeparator]m). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JacobiZeta] Join[Subscript[list, 1],Subscript[list, 2],\[Ellipsis]] concatenates lists or other expressions that share the same head. Join[Subscript[list, 1],Subscript[list, 2],\[Ellipsis],n] joins the objects at level n in each of the Subscript[list, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Join] Joined is an option for ListPlot and related functions which specifies whether points in each dataset should be joined into a line, or should be plotted as separate points. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Joined] JoinForm[type] is a graphics directive which specifies what type of joins should be used to connect segments of lines, tubes, edges, and related primitives.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JoinForm] JordanDecomposition[m] yields the Jordan decomposition of a square matrix m. The result is a list {s,j} where s is a similarity matrix and j is the Jordan canonical form of m. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/JordanDecomposition] K is a default generic name for a summation index in a symbolic sum. KelvinBei[z] gives the Kelvin function bei(z). KelvinBei[n,z] gives the Kelvin function Subscript[bei, n](z). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/KelvinBei] KelvinBer[z] gives the Kelvin function ber(z). KelvinBer[n,z] gives the Kelvin function Subscript[ber, n](z). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/KelvinBer] KelvinKei[z] gives the Kelvin function kei(z). KelvinKei[n,z] gives the Kelvin function Subscript[kei, n](z). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/KelvinKei] KelvinKer[z] gives the Kelvin function ker(z). KelvinKer[n,z] gives the Kelvin function Subscript[ker, n](z). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/KelvinKer] KernelObject[n,name,\[Ellipsis]] represents a kernel available for parallel computing.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/KernelObject] Kernels[] gives the list of running kernels available for parallel computing.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Kernels] Khinchin is Khinchin's constant, with numerical value \[TildeEqual]2.68545. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Khinchin] KleinInvariantJ[\[Tau]] gives the Klein invariant modular elliptic function J(\[Tau]). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/KleinInvariantJ] KnotData[knot,"property"] gives the specified property for a knot. KnotData[knot] gives an image of the knot. KnotData["class"] gives a list of knots in the specified class.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/KnotData] KroneckerDelta[Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]] gives the Kronecker delta Subscript[\[Delta], Subscript[n, 1] Subscript[n, 2] \[Ellipsis]], equal to 1 if all the Subscript[n, i] are equal, and 0 otherwise. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/KroneckerDelta] KroneckerProduct[Subscript[m, 1],Subscript[m, 2],\[Ellipsis]] constructs the Kronecker product of the arrays Subscript[m, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/KroneckerProduct] KroneckerSymbol[n,m] gives the Kronecker symbol (n/m). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/KroneckerSymbol] Kurtosis[list] gives the coefficient of kurtosis for the elements in list. Kurtosis[dist] gives the coefficient of kurtosis for the symbolic distribution dist.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Kurtosis] K$ Attributes[K$] = {Temporary} Label[tag] represents a point in a compound expression to which control can be transferred using Goto. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Label] Labeled[expr,lbl] displays expr labeled with lbl. Labeled[expr,lbl,pos] places lbl at a position specified by pos. Labeled[expr,{Subscript[lbl, 1],Subscript[lbl, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[pos, 1],\[Ellipsis]}] places the Subscript[lbl, i] at positions Subscript[pos, i]. Labeled[expr,{Subscript[lbl, 1],Subscript[lbl, 2],Subscript[lbl, 3],Subscript[lbl, 4]},All] places the Subscript[lbl, i] at the bottom, left, top and right, respectively. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Labeled] LabeledSlider Attributes[LabeledSlider] = {Protected, ReadProtected} Options[LabeledSlider] := {Appearance -> Frameless, AutoAction -> False, Background -> Automatic, BaselinePosition -> Automatic, BaseStyle -> {}, ContinuousAction -> True, ControlPlacement -> Automatic, DefaultBaseStyle -> LabeledSlider, DefaultLabelStyle -> LabeledSliderLabel, Enabled -> Automatic, Exclusions -> {}, FieldSize -> {{5, 10}, {1, 2}}, ImageMargins -> 0, ImageSize -> Automatic} LabelingFunction is an option for charting functions which specifies a function to apply to determine labeling of chart elements.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LabelingFunction] LabelStyle is an option for formatting and related constructs that specifies the style to use in displaying their label-like elements. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LabelStyle] LaguerreL[n,x] gives the Laguerre polynomial Subscript[L, n](x). LaguerreL[n,a,x] gives the generalized Laguerre polynomial \!\(SubsuperscriptBox[\(L\), \(n\), \(a\)](\* StyleBox["x", "TI"])\). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LaguerreL] LambertW Attributes[LambertW] = {Listable, Protected} Language is a global option that specifies the language in which menus, dialog boxes, error messages, and help files are displayed.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Language] LanguageCategory is an option for Cell which determines in what category of language the contents of the cell should be assumed to be for purposes of spell checking and hyphenation. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LanguageCategory] LaplaceDistribution[\[Mu],\[Beta]] represents a Laplace double-exponential distribution with mean \[Mu] and scale parameter \[Beta].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LaplaceDistribution] LaplaceTransform[expr,t,s] gives the Laplace transform of expr. LaplaceTransform[expr,{Subscript[t, 1],Subscript[t, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[s, 1],Subscript[s, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the multidimensional Laplace transform of expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LaplaceTransform] LaplacianFilter[image, r] convolves image with a range r Laplacian kernel. LaplacianFilter[image,{Subscript[r, 1],Subscript[r, 2]}] uses ranges Subscript[r, i] in the vertical and horizontal directions. LaplacianFilter[data,\[Ellipsis]] applies Laplacian filtering to an array of data.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LaplacianFilter] LaplacianGaussianFilter[image, r] convolves image with a Laplacian-of-Gaussian kernel of pixel radius r. LaplacianGaussianFilter[image, {r, \[Sigma]}] convolves image with a Laplacian-of-Gaussian kernel of radius r and standard deviation \[Sigma]. LaplacianGaussianFilter[data,\[Ellipsis]] applies Laplacian-of-Gaussian filtering to an array of data.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LaplacianGaussianFilter] Large is a style or option setting that specifies that objects should be large.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Large] Larger is a style or option setting that specifies that objects should be larger.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Larger] Last[expr] gives the last element in expr. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Last] Latitude[pos] gives the latitude in degrees of a geographic position specified by pos. Latitude[pos,datum] gives the latitude referred to the specified geodetic datum.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Latitude] LatitudeLongitude[pos] gives a list of the latitude and longitude in degrees of a geographic position specified by pos. LatitudeLongitude[pos,datum] gives the latitude and longitude referred to the specified geodetic datum.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LatitudeLongitude] LatticeData[lattice, "property"] gives the specified property for a lattice. LatticeData[n] gives a list of named lattices of dimension n.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LatticeData] LatticeReduce[{Subscript[v, 1],Subscript[v, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives a reduced basis for the set of vectors Subscript[v, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LatticeReduce] Launch is a setting for the LinkMode option of LinkOpen. LinkMode->Launch causes a link to be created by launching another program. LaunchKernels[] launches all currently configured parallel subkernels. LaunchKernels[n] launches n local subkernels on the current computer. LaunchKernels[des] launches a subkernel with the given description. LaunchKernels[{Subscript[des, 1],Subscript[des, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] launches several subkernels with the given descriptions.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LaunchKernels] LayeredGraphPlot[{Subscript[v, i1]->Subscript[v, j1],Subscript[v, i2]->Subscript[v, j2],\[Ellipsis]}] generates a layered plot of the graph in which vertex Subscript[v, ik] is connected to vertex Subscript[v, jk]. LayeredGraphPlot[{{Subscript[v, i1]->Subscript[v, j1],Subscript[lbl, 1]},\[Ellipsis]}] associates labels Subscript[lbl, k] with edges in the graph. LayeredGraphPlot[g,pos] places the dominant vertices in the plot at position pos. LayeredGraphPlot[m] generates a layered plot of the graph represented by the adjacency matrix m.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LayeredGraphPlot] LayerSizeFunction is an option for TreePlot that gives a function to specify the relative height to allow for each layer.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LayerSizeFunction] LayoutInformation Attributes[LayoutInformation] = {Protected} LCM[Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]] gives the least common multiple of the Subscript[n, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LCM] LeafCount[expr] gives the total number of indivisible subexpressions in expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeafCount] LeastSquares[m,b] finds an x which solves the linear least-squares problem for the matrix equation m.x==b.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeastSquares] Left is a symbol that represents the left-hand side for purposes of alignment and positioning. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Left] LeftArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftArrow]y\[LeftArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftArrow] LeftArrowBar[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftArrowBar]y\[LeftArrowBar]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftArrowBar] LeftArrowRightArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftArrowRightArrow]y\[LeftArrowRightArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftArrowRightArrow] LeftDownTeeVector[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftDownTeeVector]y\[LeftDownTeeVector]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftDownTeeVector] LeftDownVector[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftDownVector]y\[LeftDownVector]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftDownVector] LeftDownVectorBar[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftDownVectorBar]y\[LeftDownVectorBar]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftDownVectorBar] LeftRightArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftRightArrow]y\[LeftRightArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftRightArrow] LeftRightVector[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftRightVector]y\[LeftRightVector]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftRightVector] LeftTee[x,y] displays as x\[LeftTee]y. LeftTeeArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftTeeArrow]y\[LeftTeeArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftTeeArrow] LeftTeeVector[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftTeeVector]y\[LeftTeeVector]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftTeeVector] LeftTriangle[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftTriangle]y\[LeftTriangle]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftTriangle] LeftTriangleBar[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftTriangleBar]y\[LeftTriangleBar]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftTriangleBar] LeftTriangleEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftTriangleEqual]y\[LeftTriangleEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftTriangleEqual] LeftUpDownVector[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftUpDownVector]y\[LeftUpDownVector]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftUpDownVector] LeftUpTeeVector[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftUpTeeVector]y\[LeftUpTeeVector]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftUpTeeVector] LeftUpVector[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftUpVector]y\[LeftUpVector]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftUpVector] LeftUpVectorBar[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftUpVectorBar]y\[LeftUpVectorBar]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftUpVectorBar] LeftVector[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftVector]y\[LeftVector]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftVector] LeftVectorBar[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LeftVectorBar]y\[LeftVectorBar]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeftVectorBar] LegendAppearance is an option for charting functions which specifies the appearance of any legends that are generated.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LegendAppearance] Legended[expr,lab] indicates that a legend entry for expr should be created, with label lab.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Legended] LegendreP[n,x] gives the Legendre polynomial Subscript[P, n](x). LegendreP[n,m,x] gives the associated Legendre polynomial \!\(SubsuperscriptBox[\(P\), \(n\), \(m\)](\* StyleBox["x", "TI"])\). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LegendreP] LegendreQ[n,z] gives the Legendre function of the second kind Subscript[Q, n](z). LegendreQ[n,m,z] gives the associated Legendre function of the second kind \!\(SubsuperscriptBox[\(Q\), \(n\), \(m\)](\* StyleBox["z", "TI"])\). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LegendreQ] LegendreType Attributes[LegendreType] = {Protected} Length[expr] gives the number of elements in expr. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Length] LengthWhile[list,crit] gives the number of continuous elements Subscript[e, i] starting at the beginning of list for which crit[Subscript[e, i]] is True.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LengthWhile] LerchPhi[z,s,a] gives the Lerch transcendent \[CapitalPhi](z,s,a). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LerchPhi] x>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Less] x<=y or x<=y yields True if x is determined to be less than or equal to y. Subscript[x, 1]<=Subscript[x, 2]<=Subscript[x, 3] yields True if the Subscript[x, i] form a nondecreasing sequence. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LessEqual] LessEqualGreater[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LessEqualGreater]y\[LessEqualGreater]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LessEqualGreater] LessFullEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LessFullEqual]y\[LessFullEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LessFullEqual] LessGreater[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LessGreater]y\[LessGreater]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LessGreater] LessLess[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LessLess]y\[LessLess]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LessLess] LessSlantEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x<=y<=\[Ellipsis].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LessSlantEqual] LessTilde[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LessTilde]y\[LessTilde]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LessTilde] LetterCharacter represents a letter character in StringExpression.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LetterCharacter] LetterQ[string] yields True if all the characters in the string are letters, and yields False otherwise. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LetterQ] Level[expr,levelspec] gives a list of all subexpressions of expr on levels specified by levelspec. Level[expr,levelspec,f] applies f to the sequence of subexpressions. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Level] LeviCivitaTensor[d] gives the d-dimensional Levi-Civita totally antisymmetric tensor.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LeviCivitaTensor] LevyDistribution[\[Mu],\[Sigma]] represents a Lévy distribution with location parameter \[Mu] and dispersion parameter \[Sigma].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LevyDistribution] Lexicographic represents the lexicographic ordering of monomials. LicenseID is an option to Encode which specifies the required value of $LicenseID on the computer that reads the encoded file. If no value is specified, any value of $LicenseID is allowed on the file-reading computer. A setting for LicenseID must be a string. LightBlue represents a light blue color in graphics or style specifications.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LightBlue] LightBrown represents a light brown color in graphics or style specifications.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LightBrown] LightCyan represents a light cyan color in graphics or style specifications.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LightCyan] Lighter[color] represents a lighter version of the specified color. Lighter[color,f] represents a version of the specified color lightened by a fraction f. Lighter[image,\[Ellipsis]] gives a lighter version of an image.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Lighter] LightGray represents a light gray color in graphics or style specifications.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LightGray] LightGreen represents a light green color in graphics or style specifications.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LightGreen] Lighting is an option for Graphics3D and related functions that specifies what simulated lighting to use in coloring 3D surfaces. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Lighting] LightingAngle is an option for ReliefPlot and related functions which specifies the angle from which simulated illumination is taken to come.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LightingAngle] LightMagenta represents a light magenta color in graphics or style specifications.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LightMagenta] LightOrange represents a light orange color in graphics or style specifications.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LightOrange] LightPink represents a light pink color in graphics or style specifications.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LightPink] LightPurple represents a light purple color in graphics or style specifications.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LightPurple] LightRed represents a light red color in graphics or style specifications.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LightRed] LightSources is an option for Graphics3D and related functions that specifies the properties of point light sources for simulated illumination. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LightSources] LightYellow represents a light yellow color in graphics or style specifications.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LightYellow] Limit[expr,x->Subscript[x, 0]] finds the limiting value of expr when x approaches Subscript[x, 0]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Limit] LimitsPositioning is an option for UnderoverscriptBox and related boxes which specifies whether to change the positioning of underscripts and overscripts in the way conventional for limits. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LimitsPositioning] LimitsPositioningTokens is an option for selections that specifies a set of characters for which the option LimitsPositioning is set to True by default.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LimitsPositioningTokens] Line[{Subscript[pt, 1],Subscript[pt, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] is a graphics primitive which represents a line joining a sequence of points. Line[{{Subscript[pt, 11],Subscript[pt, 12],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[pt, 21],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] represents a collection of lines. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Line] Line3DBox Attributes[Line3DBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} LinearFilter Attributes[LinearFilter] = {Protected, ReadProtected} LinearFractionalTransform[m] gives a TransformationFunction that represents a linear fractional transformation defined by the homogeneous matrix m. LinearFractionalTransform[{a,b,c,d}] represents a linear fractional transformation that maps r to (a.r+b)/(c.r+d). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinearFractionalTransform] LinearModelFit[{Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[f, 1],Subscript[f, 2],\[Ellipsis]},x] constructs a linear model of the form Subscript[\[Beta], 0]+Subscript[\[Beta], 1] Subscript[f, 1]+Subscript[\[Beta], 2] Subscript[f, 2]+\[CenterEllipsis] that fits the Subscript[y, i] for successive x values 1, 2, \[Ellipsis]. LinearModelFit[{{Subscript[x, 11],Subscript[x, 12],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[x, 21],Subscript[x, 22],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[y, 2]},\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[f, 1],Subscript[f, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] constructs a linear model of the form Subscript[\[Beta], 0]+Subscript[\[Beta], 1] Subscript[f, 1]+Subscript[\[Beta], 2] Subscript[f, 2]+\[CenterEllipsis] where the Subscript[f, i] depend on the variables Subscript[x, k]. LinearModelFit[{m,v}] constructs a linear model from the design matrix m and response vector v.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinearModelFit] LinearOffsetFunction is an option for linear and generalized linear model fitting functions which specifies a component for the model that is to be assumed known.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinearOffsetFunction] LinearProgramming[c,m,b] finds a vector x which minimizes the quantity c.x subject to the constraints m.x>=b and x>=0. LinearProgramming[c,m,{{Subscript[b, 1],Subscript[s, 1]},{Subscript[b, 2],Subscript[s, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] finds a vector x which minimizes c.x subject to x>=0 and linear constraints specified by the matrix m and the pairs {Subscript[b, i],Subscript[s, i]}. For each row Subscript[m, i] of m, the corresponding constraint is Subscript[m, i].x>=Subscript[b, i] if Subscript[s, i]==1, or Subscript[m, i].x==Subscript[b, i] if Subscript[s, i]==0, or Subscript[m, i].x<=Subscript[b, i] if Subscript[s, i]==-1. LinearProgramming[c,m,b,l] minimizes c.x subject to the constraints specified by m and b and x>=l. LinearProgramming[c,m,b,{Subscript[l, 1],Subscript[l, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] minimizes c.x subject to the constraints specified by m and b and Subscript[x, i]>=Subscript[l, i]. LinearProgramming[c,m,b,{{Subscript[l, 1],Subscript[u, 1]},{Subscript[l, 2],Subscript[u, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] minimizes c.x subject to the constraints specified by m and b and Subscript[l, i]<=Subscript[x, i]<=Subscript[u, i]. LinearProgramming[c,m,b,lu,dom] takes the elements of x to be in the domain dom, either Reals or Integers. LinearProgramming[c,m,b,lu,{Subscript[dom, 1],Subscript[dom, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] takes Subscript[x, i] to be in the domain Subscript[dom, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinearProgramming] LinearRecurrence[ker,init,n] gives the sequence of length n obtained by iterating the linear recurrence with kernel ker starting with initial values init. LinearRecurrence[ker,init,{Subscript[n, min],Subscript[n, max]}] yields terms Subscript[n, min] through Subscript[n, max] in the linear recurrence sequence. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinearRecurrence] LinearSolve[m,b] finds an x which solves the matrix equation m.x==b. LinearSolve[m] generates a LinearSolveFunction[\[Ellipsis]] which can be applied repeatedly to different b. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinearSolve] LinearSolveFunction[dimensions,data] represents a function for providing solutions to a matrix equation. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinearSolveFunction] LineBox Attributes[LineBox] = {HoldAll, Protected, ReadProtected} LineBreak MakeBoxes[LineBreak[_], FormatType_] ^= Format[, FormatType] Format[LineBreak[_]] = LinebreakAdjustments is an option for selections that sets parameters used for calculating where automatic line breaks should be inserted.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinebreakAdjustments] LineBreakWithin is an option for selections that specifies whether line breaks occur automatically when the end of a line is reached.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LineBreakWithin] LineForm[g] is a three-dimensional graphics directive that specifies that lines are to be drawn with the graphics directive g or the list of graphics directives g. LineIndent is an option for Style and Cell which specifies how many ems of indentation to add at the beginnings of lines for each level of nesting in an expression. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LineIndent] LineIndentMaxFraction is an option for Cell, StyleBox and Style which specifies the maximum fraction of the total page width to indent at the beginnings of lines. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LineIndentMaxFraction] LineIntegralConvolutionPlot[{{Subscript[v, x],Subscript[v, y]},image},{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]},{y,Subscript[y, min],Subscript[y, max]}] generates a line integral convolution plot of image convolved with the vector field {Subscript[v, x],Subscript[v, y]} as a function of x and y. LineIntegralConvolutionPlot[{Subscript[v, x],Subscript[v, y]},{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]},{y,Subscript[y, min],Subscript[y, max]}] generates a line integral convolution plot of white noise with the vector field {Subscript[v, x],Subscript[v, y]}.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LineIntegralConvolutionPlot] LineIntegralConvolutionScale is an option to LineIntegralConvolutionPlot and related functions that determines the scale of the line integral convolution to be used.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LineIntegralConvolutionScale] LineSpacing is an option for Style and Cell which specifies the spacing between successive lines of text. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LineSpacing] LineWrapParts Attributes[LineWrapParts] = {Protected} LinkActivate Attributes[LinkActivate] = {Protected, ReadProtected} LinkClose[link] closes an open MathLink connection. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinkClose] LinkConnect["name"] connects to a MathLink link created by another program. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinkConnect] LinkConnectedQ Attributes[LinkConnectedQ] = {Protected} LinkCreate["name"] creates a MathLink link with the specified name for another program to connect to. LinkCreate[] creates a MathLink link and picks an unused name for the link.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinkCreate] LinkError[link] returns error information for link in the form { errorNumber, errorExplanation }. LinkFlush[link] transmits immediately any locally buffered outgoing expressions. LinkFunction is an option for GeneralizedLinearModelFit which specifies the link function for the generalized linear model.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinkFunction] LinkHost is an option for LinkOpen that specifies on what computer a program should be launched or on what computer a listening link will be found. LinkInterrupt[link] sends an interrupt to the program at the other end of the specified MathLink connection. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinkInterrupt] LinkLaunch["prog"] starts the external program prog and opens a MathLink connection to it. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinkLaunch] LinkMode is an option for LinkOpen that specifies how the link is to be established and connected. The possible settings for LinkMode are Launch, Listen, Connect, and Loopback. LinkObject["name",Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2]] is an object that represents an active MathLink connection for functions such as LinkRead and LinkWrite. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinkObject] LinkOpen["prog"] starts the external program prog and opens a MathLink connection to it.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinkOpen] LinkOptions Attributes[LinkOptions] = {Protected} LinkPatterns[link] gives a list of the patterns for which definitions were set up when the external program associated with the specified MathLink connection was installed. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinkPatterns] LinkProtocol is an option to LinkLaunch, Install and related functions which specifies the underlying data transport protocol to use for a new MathLink link. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinkProtocol] LinkRead[link] reads one expression from the specified MathLink connection. LinkRead[link,h] wraps h around the expression read before evaluating it. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinkRead] LinkReadHeld[link] reads an expression via MathLink from link and returns it wrapped in Hold. LinkReadyQ[link] tests whether there is an expression ready to read from the specified MathLink connection. LinkReadyQ[link,t] waits for up to t seconds to see if an expression becomes ready to read. LinkReadyQ[{Subscript[link, 1],Subscript[link, 2],\[Ellipsis]},t] tests all the Subscript[link, i] in parallel, returning as soon as any of them are ready to read from.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinkReadyQ] Links[] gives a list of all MathLink connections that are currently open. Links[patt] lists only links whose names match the specified string pattern.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Links] LinkWrite[link,expr] writes expr to the specified MathLink connection. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LinkWrite] LinkWriteHeld[link, Hold[expr], (flush:True)] writes expr (without the Hold) via MathLink to link (synchronizing unless flush is False). LiouvilleLambda[n] gives the Liouville function \[Lambda](n).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LiouvilleLambda] {Subscript[e, 1],Subscript[e, 2],\[Ellipsis]} is a list of elements. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/List] Listable is an attribute that can be assigned to a symbol f to indicate that the function f should automatically be threaded over lists that appear as its arguments. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Listable] ListAnimate[{Subscript[expr, 1],Subscript[expr, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] generates an animation whose frames are the successive Subscript[expr, i]. ListAnimate[list,fps] displays fps frames per second. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListAnimate] ListContourPlot[array] generates a contour plot from an array of height values. ListContourPlot[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[f, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],Subscript[f, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] generates a contour plot from values defined at specified points. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListContourPlot] ListContourPlot3D[array] generates a contour plot from a three-dimensional array of values. ListContourPlot3D[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[z, 1],Subscript[f, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],Subscript[z, 2],Subscript[f, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] generates a contour plot from values defined at specified points in three-dimensional space. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListContourPlot3D] ListConvolve[ker,list] forms the convolution of the kernel ker with list. ListConvolve[ker,list,k] forms the cyclic convolution in which the k\[Null]^th element of ker is aligned with each element in list. ListConvolve[ker,list,{Subscript[k, L],Subscript[k, R]}] forms the cyclic convolution whose first element contains list[[1]]ker[[Subscript[k, L]]] and whose last element contains list[[-1]]ker[[Subscript[k, R]]]. ListConvolve[ker,list,klist,p] forms the convolution in which list is padded at each end with repetitions of the element p. ListConvolve[ker,list,klist,{Subscript[p, 1],Subscript[p, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] forms the convolution in which list is padded at each end with cyclic repetitions of the Subscript[p, i]. ListConvolve[ker,list,klist,padding,g,h] forms a generalized convolution in which g is used in place of Times and h in place of Plus. ListConvolve[ker,list,klist,padding,g,h,lev] forms a convolution using elements at level lev in ker and list. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListConvolve] ListCorrelate[ker,list] forms the correlation of the kernel ker with list. ListCorrelate[ker,list,k] forms the cyclic correlation in which the k\[Null]^th element of ker is aligned with each element in list. ListCorrelate[ker,list,{Subscript[k, L],Subscript[k, R]}] forms the cyclic correlation whose first element contains list[[1]]ker[[Subscript[k, L]]] and whose last element contains list[[-1]]ker[[Subscript[k, R]]]. ListCorrelate[ker,list,klist,p] forms the correlation in which list is padded at each end with repetitions of the element p. ListCorrelate[ker,list,klist,{Subscript[p, 1],Subscript[p, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] forms the correlation in which list is padded at each end with cyclic repetitions of the Subscript[p, i]. ListCorrelate[ker,list,klist,padding,g,h] forms a generalized correlation in which g is used in place of Times and h in place of Plus. ListCorrelate[ker,list,klist,padding,g,h,lev] forms a correlation using elements at level lev in ker and list. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListCorrelate] ListCurvePathPlot[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] plots a curve that corresponds to a smooth path through the specified points. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListCurvePathPlot] ListDensityPlot[array] generates a smooth density plot from an array of values. ListDensityPlot[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[f, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],Subscript[f, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] generates a density plot with values defined at specified points. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListDensityPlot] Listen is a setting for the LinkMode option of LinkOpen. LinkMode->Listen causes a link to be created that listens on a named port for an incoming connection request. ListInterpolation[array] constructs an InterpolatingFunction object which represents an approximate function that interpolates the array of values given. ListInterpolation[array,{{Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]},{Subscript[y, min],Subscript[y, max]},\[Ellipsis]}] specifies the domain of the grid from which the values in array are assumed to come. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListInterpolation] ListLineIntegralConvolutionPlot[{array, image}] generates a line integral convolution plot of image convolved with the vector field defined by an array of vector field values. ListLineIntegralConvolutionPlot[array] generates a line integral convolution plot of white noise convolved with the vector field defined by array. ListLineIntegralConvolutionPlot[{{{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[vx, 1],Subscript[vy, 1]}},\[Ellipsis]},image}] generates a line integral convolution plot of image convolved with the vector field defined by vectors {Subscript[vx, i],Subscript[vy, i]} at specified points {Subscript[x, i],Subscript[y, i]}. ListLineIntegralConvolutionPlot[{{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[vx, 1],Subscript[vy, 1]}},\[Ellipsis]}] generates a line integral convolution plot of white noise convolved with the vector field defined by {Subscript[vx, i],Subscript[vy, i]}.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListLineIntegralConvolutionPlot] ListLinePlot[{Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots a line through a list of values, assumed to correspond to x coordinates 1, 2, \[Ellipsis]. ListLinePlot[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] plots a line through specific x and y positions. ListLinePlot[{Subscript[list, 1],Subscript[list, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots several lines. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListLinePlot] ListLogLinearPlot[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] makes a log-linear plot of the specified list of x and y values. ListLogLinearPlot[{Subscript[list, 1],Subscript[list, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots several lists of values.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListLogLinearPlot] ListLogLogPlot[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] makes a log-log plot of the specified list of x and y values. ListLogLogPlot[{Subscript[list, 1],Subscript[list, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots several lists of values.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListLogLogPlot] ListLogPlot[{Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] makes a log plot of the Subscript[y, i], assumed to correspond to x coordinates 1, 2, \[Ellipsis]. ListLogPlot[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] makes a log plot of the specified list of x and y values. ListLogPlot[{Subscript[list, 1],Subscript[list, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots several lists of values.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListLogPlot] ListPlay[{Subscript[a, 1],Subscript[a, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] creates an object that plays as a sound whose amplitude is given by the sequence of levels Subscript[a, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListPlay] ListPlot[{Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots points corresponding to a list of values, assumed to correspond to x coordinates 1, 2, \[Ellipsis]. ListPlot[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] plots a list of points with specified x and y coordinates. ListPlot[{Subscript[list, 1],Subscript[list, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots several lists of points. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListPlot] ListPlot3D[array] generates a three-dimensional plot of a surface representing an array of height values. ListPlot3D[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[z, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],Subscript[z, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] generates a plot of the surface with heights Subscript[z, i] at positions {Subscript[x, i],Subscript[y, i]}. ListPlot3D[{Subscript[data, 1],Subscript[data, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots the surfaces corresponding to each of the Subscript[data, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListPlot3D] ListPointPlot3D[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[z, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],Subscript[z, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] generates a 3D scatter plot of points with coordinates {Subscript[x, i],Subscript[y, i],Subscript[z, i]}. ListPointPlot3D[array] generates a 3D scatter plot of points with a 2D array of height values. ListPointPlot3D[{Subscript[data, 1],Subscript[data, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots several collections of points, by default in different colors. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListPointPlot3D] ListPolarPlot[{Subscript[r, 1],Subscript[r, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots points equally spaced in angle at radii Subscript[r, i]. ListPolarPlot[{{Subscript[\[Theta], 1],Subscript[r, 1]},{Subscript[\[Theta], 2],Subscript[r, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] plots points at polar coordinates Subscript[\[Theta], i], Subscript[r, i]. ListPolarPlot[{Subscript[list, 1],Subscript[list, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots several lists of values.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListPolarPlot] ListQ[expr] gives True if expr is a list, and False otherwise. ListStreamDensityPlot[array] generates a stream density plot from a 2D array of vector and scalar field values {{Subscript[vx, ij],Subscript[vy, ij]},Subscript[s, ij]}. ListStreamDensityPlot[{{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1]},{{Subscript[vx, 1],Subscript[vy, 1]},Subscript[s, 1]}},\[Ellipsis]}] generates a stream density plot from vector and scalar field values {{Subscript[vx, i],Subscript[vy, i]},Subscript[s, i]} given at specified points {Subscript[x, i],Subscript[y, i]}. ListStreamDensityPlot[{Subscript[data, 1],Subscript[data, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots data for several vector and scalar fields. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListStreamDensityPlot] ListStreamPlot[array] generates a stream plot from an array of vector field values. ListStreamPlot[{{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[vx, 1],Subscript[vy, 1]}},\[Ellipsis]}] generates a stream plot from vector field values {Subscript[vx, i],Subscript[vy, i]} given at specified points {Subscript[x, i],Subscript[y, i]}. ListStreamPlot[{Subscript[data, 1],Subscript[data, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots data for several vector fields. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListStreamPlot] ListSurfacePlot3D[{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[z, 1]},{Subscript[x, 2],Subscript[y, 2],Subscript[z, 2]},\[Ellipsis]}] plots a three-dimensional surface constructed to fit the specified points. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListSurfacePlot3D] ListVectorDensityPlot[array] generates a vector plot from a 2D array of vector and scalar field values {{Subscript[vx, ij],Subscript[vy, ij]},Subscript[s, ij]}. ListVectorDensityPlot[{{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1]},{{Subscript[vx, 1],Subscript[vy, 1]},Subscript[s, 1]}},\[Ellipsis]}] generates a vector plot from vector and scalar field values {{Subscript[vx, i],Subscript[vy, i]},Subscript[s, i]} given at specified points {Subscript[x, i],Subscript[y, i]}. ListVectorDensityPlot[{Subscript[data, 1],Subscript[data, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots data for several vector and scalar fields. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListVectorDensityPlot] ListVectorPlot[array] generates a vector plot from an array of vector field values. ListVectorPlot[{{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[vx, 1],Subscript[vy, 1]}},\[Ellipsis]}] generates a vector plot from vector field values {Subscript[vx, i],Subscript[vy, i]} given at specified points {Subscript[x, i],Subscript[y, i]}. ListVectorPlot[{Subscript[data, 1],Subscript[data, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots data for several vector fields. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListVectorPlot] ListVectorPlot3D[array] generates a 3D vector plot from a 3D array of vector field values. ListVectorPlot3D[{{{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[z, 1]},{Subscript[vx, 1],Subscript[vy, 1],Subscript[vz, 1]}},\[Ellipsis]}] generates a 3D vector plot from vector field values {Subscript[vx, i],Subscript[vy, i],Subscript[vz, i]} given at specified points {Subscript[x, i],Subscript[y, i],Subscript[z, i]}. ListVectorPlot3D[{Subscript[data, 1],Subscript[data, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] plots data for several vector fields. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ListVectorPlot3D] Literal Attributes[Literal] = {HoldAll, Protected} LiteralSearch Attributes[LiteralSearch] = {Protected} LocalizeVariables is an option to Manipulate which determines whether the values of variables associated with controls should be localized.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LocalizeVariables] Locator[{x,y}] represents a locator object at position {x,y} in a graphic. Locator[Dynamic[pos]] takes the position to be the dynamically updated current value of pos, with this value being reset if the locator object is moved. Locator[{x,y},obj] displays obj as the locator object. Locator[{x,y},None] displays nothing visible as the locator object. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Locator] LocatorAutoCreate is an option for LocatorPane, Manipulate and related functions which specifies whether new locators should be created when clicking away from existing locators.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LocatorAutoCreate] LocatorBox Attributes[LocatorBox] = {Protected, ReadProtected} LocatorBoxOptions Attributes[LocatorBoxOptions] = {Protected} LocatorCentering Attributes[LocatorCentering] = {Protected} LocatorPane[{x,y},back] represents a pane with a locator at position {x,y} and background back. LocatorPane[Dynamic[pt],back] takes the locator position to be the dynamically updated current value of pt, with the value of pt being reset if the locator is moved. LocatorPane[{Subscript[pt, 1],Subscript[pt, 2],\[Ellipsis]},back] sets up multiple locators at positions Subscript[pt, 1],Subscript[pt, 2],\[Ellipsis]. LocatorPane[Dynamic[{Subscript[pt, 1],Subscript[pt, 2],\[Ellipsis]}],back] takes the locator positions to be dynamically updated current values of the Subscript[pt, i]. LocatorPane[pts,back,{{Subscript[x, min],Subscript[y, min]},{Subscript[x, max],Subscript[y, max]}}] specifies the range of coordinates for the locator. LocatorPane[pts,back,{{Subscript[x, min],Subscript[y, min]},{Subscript[x, max],Subscript[y, max]},{dx,dy}}] uses jumps dx, dy. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LocatorPane] LocatorPaneBox Attributes[LocatorPaneBox] = {Protected, ReadProtected} LocatorPaneBoxOptions Attributes[LocatorPaneBoxOptions] = {Protected} LocatorRegion is an option for Locator which specifies where the locator object should by default be allowed to go when it is dragged.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LocatorRegion] Locked is an attribute which, once assigned, prevents modification of any attributes of a symbol. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Locked] Log[z] gives the natural logarithm of z (logarithm to base e). Log[b,z] gives the logarithm to base b. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Log] Log10[x] gives the base-10 logarithm of x.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Log10] Log2[x] gives the base-2 logarithm of x.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Log2] LogBarnesG[z] gives the logarithm of the Barnes G-function logG(z).* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LogBarnesG] LogGamma[z] gives the logarithm of the gamma function log \[CapitalGamma](z). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LogGamma] LogicalExpand[expr] expands out logical combinations of equations, inequalities and other functions. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LogicalExpand] LogIntegral[z] is the logarithmic integral function li(z). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LogIntegral] LogisticDistribution[\[Mu],\[Beta]] represents a logistic distribution with mean \[Mu] and scale parameter \[Beta].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LogisticDistribution] LogitModelFit[{Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[f, 1],Subscript[f, 2],\[Ellipsis]},x] constructs a binomial logistic regression model of the form 1/(1+E^-(Subscript[\[Beta], 0]+Subscript[\[Beta], 1] Subscript[f, 1] +Subscript[\[Beta], 2] Subscript[f, 2] +\[Ellipsis])) that fits the Subscript[y, i] for successive x values 1, 2, \[Ellipsis]. LogitModelFit[{{Subscript[x, 11],Subscript[x, 12],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[x, 21],Subscript[x, 22],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[y, 2]},\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[f, 1],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] constructs a binomial logistic regression model of the form 1/(1+E^-(Subscript[\[Beta], 0]+Subscript[\[Beta], 1] Subscript[f, 1] +Subscript[\[Beta], 2] Subscript[f, 2] +\[Ellipsis])) where the Subscript[f, i] depend on the variables Subscript[x, k]. LogitModelFit[{m,v}] constructs a binomial logistic regression model from the design matrix m and response vector v.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LogitModelFit] LogLinearPlot[f,{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]}] generates a log-linear plot of f as a function of x from Subscript[x, min] to Subscript[x, max]. LogLinearPlot[{Subscript[f, 1],Subscript[f, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]}] generates log-linear plots of several functions Subscript[f, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LogLinearPlot] LogLogPlot[f,{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]}] generates a log-log plot of f as function of x from Subscript[x, min] to Subscript[x, max]. LogLogPlot[{Subscript[f, 1],Subscript[f, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]}] generates log-log plots of several functions Subscript[f, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LogLogPlot] LogNormalDistribution[\[Mu],\[Sigma]] represents a lognormal distribution derived from a normal distribution with mean \[Mu] and standard deviation \[Sigma].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LogNormalDistribution] LogPlot[f,{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]}] generates a log plot of f as a function of x from Subscript[x, min] to Subscript[x, max]. LogPlot[{Subscript[f, 1],Subscript[f, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]}] generates log plots of several functions Subscript[f, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LogPlot] LogSeriesDistribution[\[Theta]] represents a logarithmic series distribution with parameter \[Theta].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LogSeriesDistribution] LongEqual Longest[p] is a pattern object that matches the longest sequence consistent with the pattern p. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Longest] LongestCommonSequence[Subscript[s, 1],Subscript[s, 2]] finds the longest sequence of contiguous or disjoint elements common to the strings or lists Subscript[s, 1] and Subscript[s, 2].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LongestCommonSequence] LongestCommonSubsequence[Subscript[s, 1],Subscript[s, 2]] finds the longest contiguous subsequence of elements common to the strings or lists Subscript[s, 1] and Subscript[s, 2].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LongestCommonSubsequence] LongestMatch[p] is a string pattern object matching the longest sequence of characters consistent with the string pattern p.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LongestMatch] LongForm is an option for Information. With LongForm -> True, the full information of a symbol is printed. With LongForm -> False the usage of a symbol is printed. Longitude[pos] gives the longitude in degrees of a geographic position specified by pos. Longitude[pos,datum] gives the longitude referred to the specified geodetic datum.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Longitude] LongLeftArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LongLeftArrow]y\[LongLeftArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LongLeftArrow] LongLeftRightArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LongLeftRightArrow]y\[LongLeftRightArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LongLeftRightArrow] LongRightArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LongRightArrow]y\[LongRightArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LongRightArrow] Loopback is a setting for the LinkMode option of LinkOpen. LinkMode->Loopback causes a link to be created that is not connected to another program. Expressions written to the link are read back from the same link. LowerCaseQ[string] yields True if all the characters in the string are lowercase letters, and yields False otherwise. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LowerCaseQ] LowerLeftArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LowerLeftArrow]y\[LowerLeftArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LowerLeftArrow] LowerRightArrow[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[LowerRightArrow]y\[LowerRightArrow]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LowerRightArrow] LowerTriangularize[m] gives a matrix in which all but the lower triangular elements of m are replaced with zeros. LowerTriangularize[m, k] replaces with zeros only the elements above the k\[Null]^thsubdiagonal of m.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LowerTriangularize] LUBackSubstitution Attributes[LUBackSubstitution] = {Protected} Options[LUBackSubstitution] = {Modulus -> 0} LucasL[n] gives the Lucas number Subscript[L, n]. LucasL[n,x] gives the Lucas polynomial Subscript[L, n](x).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LucasL] LUDecomposition[m] generates a representation of the LU decomposition of a square matrix m. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/LUDecomposition] MachineID is an option to Encode which specifies the required value of $MachineID on the computer that reads the encoded file. If no value is specified, any value of $MachineID is allowed on the file-reading computer. A setting for MachineID must be a string. MachineName is an option to Encode which specifies the required value of $MachineName on the computer that reads the encoded file. If no value is specified, any value of $MachineName is allowed on the file-reading computer. A setting for MachineName must be a string. MachineNumberQ[expr] returns True if expr is a machine-precision real or complex number, and returns False otherwise. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MachineNumberQ] MachinePrecision is a symbol used to indicate machine-number precision. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MachinePrecision] MacintoshSystemPageSetup Attributes[MacintoshSystemPageSetup] = {Protected} Magenta represents the color magenta in graphics or style specifications. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Magenta] Magnification is an option for Style and Cell which specifies what magnification to use for display. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Magnification] Magnify[expr,r] represents an object to be displayed with magnification r. Magnify[expr] displays with expr magnified by a fixed factor.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Magnify] MainSolve[eqns] is the underlying function for transforming systems of equations. Solve and Eliminate call it. The equations must be of the form lhs == rhs. They can be combined using && and ||. MainSolve returns False if no solutions to the equations exist, and True if all values of variables are solutions. MainSolve rearranges the equations using certain directives. MainSolve[eqns, vars, elim, rest] attempts to rearrange the equations eqns so as to solve for the variables vars, and eliminate the variables elim. The list rest can be included to specify the elimination order for any remaining variables. MaintainDynamicCaches Attributes[MaintainDynamicCaches] = {Protected} Majority[Subscript[e, 1],Subscript[e, 2],\[Ellipsis]] gives True if the majority of the Subscript[e, i] are True, and False if the majority are False.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Majority] MakeBoxes[expr,form] is the low-level function used in Mathematica sessions to convert expressions into boxes. MakeBoxes[expr] is the function to convert expr to StandardForm boxes.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MakeBoxes] MakeExpression[boxes,form] is the low-level function used in Mathematica sessions to construct expressions from boxes. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MakeExpression] MakeRules is an option to Solve and related functions. With MakeRules -> True, the result is presented as an AlgebraicRulesData object. With MakeRules -> False, the result is presented as a list of rules. MangoldtLambda[n] gives the von Mangoldt function \[CapitalLambda](n).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MangoldtLambda] ManhattanDistance[u,v] gives the Manhattan or "city block" distance between vectors u and v.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ManhattanDistance] Manipulate[expr,{u,Subscript[u, min],Subscript[u, max]}] generates a version of expr with controls added to allow interactive manipulation of the value of u. Manipulate[expr,{u,Subscript[u, min],Subscript[u, max],du}] allows the value of u to vary between Subscript[u, min] and Subscript[u, max] in steps du. Manipulate[expr,{{u,Subscript[u, init]},Subscript[u, min],Subscript[u, max],\[Ellipsis]}] takes the initial value of u to be Subscript[u, init]. Manipulate[expr,{{u,Subscript[u, init],Subscript[u, lbl]},\[Ellipsis]}] labels the controls for u with Subscript[u, lbl]. Manipulate[expr,{u,{Subscript[u, 1],Subscript[u, 2],\[Ellipsis]}}] allows u to take on discrete values Subscript[u, 1],Subscript[u, 2],\[Ellipsis]. Manipulate[expr,{u,\[Ellipsis]},{v,\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]] provides controls to manipulate each of the u,v,\[Ellipsis]. Manipulate[expr,Subscript[c, u]->{u,\[Ellipsis]},Subscript[c, v]->{v,\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]] links the controls to the specified controllers on an external device.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Manipulate] Manipulator[x] represents a manipulator with setting x in the range 0 to 1. Manipulator[Dynamic[x]] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the value of x being reset if the manipulator is moved. Manipulator[x,{Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]}] represents a manipulator with range Subscript[x, min] to Subscript[x, max]. Manipulator[x,{Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max],dx}] represents a manipulator that jumps in steps dx. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Manipulator] MantissaExponent[x] gives a list containing the mantissa and exponent of a number x. MantissaExponent[x,b] gives the base-b mantissa and exponent of x. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MantissaExponent] Manual represents an option or other value that is to be selected manually, usually by some form of interactive manipulation.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Manual] Map[f,expr] or f/@expr applies f to each element on the first level in expr. Map[f,expr,levelspec] applies f to parts of expr specified by levelspec. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Map] MapAll[f,expr] or f//@expr applies f to every subexpression in expr. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MapAll] MapAt[f,expr,n] applies f to the element at position n in expr. If n is negative, the position is counted from the end. MapAt[f,expr,{i,j,\[Ellipsis]}] applies f to the part of expr at position {i,j,\[Ellipsis]}. MapAt[f,expr,{{Subscript[i, 1],Subscript[j, 1],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[i, 2],Subscript[j, 2],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] applies f to parts of expr at several positions. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MapAt] MapIndexed[f,expr] applies f to the elements of expr, giving the part specification of each element as a second argument to f. MapIndexed[f,expr,levelspec] applies f to all parts of expr on levels specified by levelspec. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MapIndexed] MapThread[f,{{Subscript[a, 1],Subscript[a, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[b, 1],Subscript[b, 2],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]}] gives {f[Subscript[a, 1],Subscript[b, 1],\[Ellipsis]],f[Subscript[a, 2],Subscript[b, 2],\[Ellipsis]],\[Ellipsis]}. MapThread[f,{Subscript[expr, 1],Subscript[expr, 2],\[Ellipsis]},n] applies f to the parts of the Subscript[expr, i] at level n. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MapThread] MatchingDissimilarity[u,v] gives the matching dissimilarity between Boolean vectors u and v.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MatchingDissimilarity] MatchLocalNameQ is an internal symbol. MatchLocalNames is an option for Trace and related functions which specifies whether symbols such as x should match symbols with local names of the form x$nnn. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MatchLocalNames] MatchQ[expr,form] returns True if the pattern form matches expr, and returns False otherwise. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MatchQ] MathematicaNotation Attributes[MathematicaNotation] = {Protected} MathieuC[a,q,z] gives the even Mathieu function with characteristic value a and parameter q. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MathieuC] MathieuCharacteristicA[r,q] gives the characteristic value Subscript[a, r] for even Mathieu functions with characteristic exponent r and parameter q. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MathieuCharacteristicA] MathieuCharacteristicB[r,q] gives the characteristic value Subscript[b, r] for odd Mathieu functions with characteristic exponent r and parameter q. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MathieuCharacteristicB] MathieuCharacteristicExponent[a,q] gives the characteristic exponent r for Mathieu functions with characteristic value a and parameter q. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MathieuCharacteristicExponent] MathieuCPrime[a,q,z] gives the derivative with respect to z of the even Mathieu function with characteristic value a and parameter q. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MathieuCPrime] MathieuS[a,q,z] gives the odd Mathieu function with characteristic value a and parameter q. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MathieuS] MathieuSPrime[a,q,z] gives the derivative with respect to z of the odd Mathieu function with characteristic value a and parameter q. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MathieuSPrime] MathMLForm[expr] prints as a MathML form of expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MathMLForm] MathMLText Attributes[MathMLText] = {Protected} MatrixExp[m] gives the matrix exponential of m. MatrixExp[m,v] gives the matrix exponential of m applied to the vector v.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MatrixExp] MatrixForm[list] prints with the elements of list arranged in a regular array. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MatrixForm] MatrixPlot[m] generates a plot that gives a visual representation of the values of elements in a matrix.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MatrixPlot] MatrixPower[MatricesOver[R, {n,n}], A, k] returns the kth power of the matrix A, as an element of the n-by-n matrices over the Ringoid R. MatrixPower[R, A, k] works similarly. The standard (built-in) usage still exists: MatrixPower[mat, n] gives the nth matrix power of mat.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MatrixPower] MatrixQ[expr] gives True if expr is a list of lists or a two-dimensional SparseArray object that can represent a matrix, and gives False otherwise. MatrixQ[expr,test] gives True only if test yields True when applied to each of the matrix elements in expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MatrixQ] MatrixRank[m] gives the rank of the matrix m. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MatrixRank] Max[Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]] yields the numerically largest of the Subscript[x, i]. Max[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[y, 1],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]] yields the largest element of any of the lists. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Max] MaxBend Attributes[MaxBend] = {Protected} MaxFilter[image,r] filters image by replacing every value by the maximum in its range r neighborhood. MaxFilter[data,r] applies max filtering to an array of data.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MaxFilter] Maximize[f,x] maximizes f with respect to x. Maximize[f,{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] maximizes f with respect to x, y, \[Ellipsis]. Maximize[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] maximizes f subject to the constraints cons. Maximize[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]},dom] maximizes with variables over the domain dom, typically Reals or Integers.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Maximize] MaxIterations is an option that specifies the maximum number of iterations that should be tried in various built-in functions and algorithms.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MaxIterations] MaxMemoryUsed[] gives the maximum number of bytes used to store all data for the current Mathematica session. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MaxMemoryUsed] MaxPlotPoints is an option for plotting functions like ArrayPlot and ListPlot3D that specifies the maximum number of points that will explicitly be included in the output. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MaxPlotPoints] MaxPoints is an option for NIntegrate specifying the maximum total number of times to sample the integrand. MaxRecursion is an option for functions like NIntegrate and Plot that specifies how many recursive subdivisions can be made. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MaxRecursion] MaxStepFraction is an option to functions like NDSolve that specifies the maximum fraction of the total range to cover in a single step.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MaxStepFraction] MaxSteps is an option to functions like NDSolve that specifies the maximum number of steps to take in generating a result.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MaxSteps] MaxStepSize is an option to functions like NDSolve that specifies the maximum size of a single step used in generating a result.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MaxStepSize] MaxValue[f,x] gives the maximum value of f with respect to x. MaxValue[f,{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] gives the maximum value of f with respect to x, y, \[Ellipsis]. MaxValue[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] gives the maximum value of f subject to the constraints cons. MaxValue[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]},dom] gives the maximum value of f over the domain dom, typically Reals or Integers.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MaxValue] MaxwellDistribution[\[Sigma]] represents a Maxwell distribution with scale parameter \[Sigma].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MaxwellDistribution] Mean[list] gives the statistical mean of the elements in list. Mean[dist] gives the mean of the symbolic distribution dist.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Mean] MeanDeviation[list] gives the mean absolute deviation from the mean of the elements in list.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MeanDeviation] MeanFilter[image,r] filters image by replacing every value by the mean value in its range r neighborhood. MeanFilter[data,r] applies mean filtering to an array of data.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MeanFilter] Median[list] gives the median of the elements in list. Median[dist] gives the median of the symbolic distribution dist. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Median] MedianDeviation[list] gives the median absolute deviation from the median of the elements in list.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MedianDeviation] MedianFilter[image,r] filters image by replacing every value by the median in its range r neighborhood. MedianFilter[data,r] applies median filtering to an array of data.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MedianFilter] Medium is a style or option setting that specifies that objects should be medium-sized.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Medium] MeijerG[{{Subscript[a, 1],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[a, n]},{Subscript[a, n+1],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[a, p]}},{{Subscript[b, 1],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[b, m]},{Subscript[b, m+1],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[b, q]}},z] is the Meijer G function \!\(SubsuperscriptBox[\(G\), \(p q\), \(m n\)](\(z \[VerticalSeparator] \*GridBox[{ { RowBox[{SubscriptBox["a", "1"], ,, \[Ellipsis], ,, SubscriptBox["a", "p"]}]}, { RowBox[{SubscriptBox["b", "1"], ,, \[Ellipsis], ,, SubscriptBox["b", "q"]}]} }]\))\). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MeijerG] MemberQ[list,form] returns True if an element of list matches form, and False otherwise. MemberQ[list,form,levelspec] tests all parts of list specified by levelspec. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MemberQ] MemoryConstrained[expr,b] evaluates expr, stopping if more than b bytes of memory are requested. MemoryConstrained[expr,b,failexpr] returns failexpr if the memory constraint is not met. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MemoryConstrained] MemoryInUse[] gives the number of bytes currently being used to store all data in the current Mathematica kernel session. MemoryInUse[$FrontEnd] gives the number of bytes used in the Mathematica front end.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MemoryInUse] MenuAppearance Attributes[MenuAppearance] = {Protected} MenuItem Attributes[MenuItem] = {HoldRest, Protected} MenuPacket[integer,string] is a MathLink packet indicating a menu request with title string.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MenuPacket] MenuView[{Subscript[lbl, 1]->Subscript[expr, 1], Subscript[lbl, 2]->Subscript[expr, 2], \[Ellipsis]}] represents an object in which selecting the menu item with label Subscript[lbl, i] displays Subscript[expr, i]. MenuView[{Subscript[lbl, 1]->Subscript[expr, 1], Subscript[lbl, 2]->Subscript[expr, 2], \[Ellipsis]},i] makes the i\[Null]^th item be the one currently selected. MenuView[{{Subscript[v, 1],Subscript[lbl, 1]->Subscript[expr, 1]},{Subscript[v, 2],Subscript[lbl, 2]->Subscript[expr, 2]},\[Ellipsis]},v] associates values Subscript[v, i] with successive menu items, and makes the item with value v be the one currently selected. MenuView[{Subscript[expr, 1],Subscript[expr, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] takes the menu items' labels to be successive integers.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MenuView] MergeDifferences Attributes[MergeDifferences] = {Protected} Mesh is an option for Plot3D, DensityPlot and other plotting functions that specifies what mesh should be drawn. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Mesh] MeshFunctions is an option for plotting functions that specifies functions to use to determine the placement of mesh divisions. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MeshFunctions] MeshRange Attributes[MeshRange] = {Protected} MeshShading is an option for plotting functions that gives lists of colors to use for regions between mesh divisions. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MeshShading] MeshStyle is an option for Plot3D, DensityPlot and other plotting functions that specifies the style in which to draw a mesh. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MeshStyle] Message[symbol::tag] prints the message symbol::tag unless it has been switched off. Message[symbol::tag,Subscript[e, 1],Subscript[e, 2],\[Ellipsis]] prints a message, inserting the values of the Subscript[e, i] as needed. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Message] MessageDialog[expr] puts up a standard message dialog that displays expr together with an OK button. MessageDialog[expr,{Subscript[lbl, 1]:>Subscript[act, 1],Subscript[lbl, 2]:>Subscript[act, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] includes buttons with labels Subscript[lbl, i], which evaluate the corresponding Subscript[act, i] if clicked.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MessageDialog] MessageList[n] is a global object assigned to be a list of the names of messages generated during the processing of the n\[Null]^th input line. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MessageList] symbol::tag is a name for a message. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MessageName] MessageOptions Attributes[MessageOptions] = {Protected} MessagePacket[symbol,string] is a MathLink packet containing a Mathematica message identifier of the form symbol::string.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MessagePacket] Messages[symbol] gives all the messages assigned to a particular symbol. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Messages] MessagesNotebook Attributes[MessagesNotebook] = {Protected, ReadProtected} MetaCharacters is an option to StringPosition. With MetaCharacters -> None, no strings have special meanings. MetaCharacters -> {Subscript[c, 1], Subscript[c, 2], Subscript[c, 3]} specifies the metacharacters for pattern escape, single character matching and multiple character matching. MetaCharacters -> Automatic is equivalent to MetaCharacters -> {"\\", ".", "*"}. Method is an option for various algorithm-intensive functions that specifies what internal methods they should use.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Method] MethodOptions Attributes[MethodOptions] = {Protected} Min[Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]] yields the numerically smallest of the Subscript[x, i]. Min[{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[y, 1],\[Ellipsis]},\[Ellipsis]] yields the smallest element of any of the lists. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Min] MinFilter[image,r] filters image by replacing every value by the minimum in its range r neighborhood. MinFilter[data,r] applies min filtering to an array of data.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MinFilter] MinimalPolynomial[s,x] gives the minimal polynomial in x for which the algebraic number s is a root. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MinimalPolynomial] Minimize[f,x] minimizes f with respect to x. Minimize[f,{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] minimizes f with respect to x, y, \[Ellipsis]. Minimize[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] minimizes f subject to the constraints cons. Minimize[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]},dom] minimizes with variables over the domain dom, typically Reals or Integers.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Minimize] Minors[m] gives the minors of a matrix m. Minors[m,k] gives the k\[Null]\[Null]^th minors. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Minors] MinRecursion is an option for NIntegrate and other numerical functions that use a recursive algorithm. With MinRecursion -> n, a minimum depth of recursion of n is used before tests for convergence begin. MinSize is an option of certain BoxForm primitives. -x is the arithmetic negation of x. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Minus] MinusPlus[x] displays as \[MinusPlus]x. MinusPlus[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[MinusPlus]y\[MinusPlus]\[Ellipsis].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MinusPlus] MinValue[f,x] gives the minimum value of f with respect to x. MinValue[f,{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] gives the minimum value of f with respect to x, y, \[Ellipsis]. MinValue[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] gives the minimum value of f subject to the constraints cons. MinValue[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]},dom] gives the minimum value of f over the domain dom, typically Reals or Integers.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MinValue] Missing[] represents data that is missing. Missing["reason"] specifies a reason for the data being missing. Missing["reason",expr] associates the expression expr with the missing data. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Missing] Mod[m,n] gives the remainder on division of m by n. Mod[m,n,d] uses an offset d. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Mod] Modal is an option to functions such as CreateDialog, which specifies whether the dialog that is created should be modal to the Mathematica front end.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Modal] Mode is an option for many of the functions in these packages. Standard modes are Computational, Textual and Visual, and sometimes Visual2. Additionally, there is often All and Interactive. See each of these individually for more information. The standard (built-in) definition still exists: Mode is an option to Solve and related functions that specifies in what sense the equations are to be solved. The possible settings for Mode are Generic, Modular, and Rational. Modular is a setting for the option Mode in Solve and related functions, which specifies that equations need be satisfied only modulo an integer. ModularLambda[\[Tau]] gives the modular lambda elliptic function \[Lambda](\[Tau]). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/ModularLambda] Module[{x,y,\[Ellipsis]},expr] specifies that occurrences of the symbols x, y, \[Ellipsis] in expr should be treated as local. Module[{x=Subscript[x, 0],\[Ellipsis]},expr] defines initial values for x, \[Ellipsis]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Module] Modulus->n is an option that can be given in certain algebraic functions to specify that integers should be treated modulo n. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Modulus] MoebiusMu[n] gives the Möbius function \[Mu](n). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MoebiusMu] Momentary Attributes[Momentary] = {Protected} Monitor[expr,mon] generates a temporary monitor cell in which the continually updated current value of mon is displayed during the course of evaluation of expr. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Monitor] MonomialList[poly] gives the list of all monomials in the polynomial poly. MonomialList[poly,{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the list of monomials with respect to the variables Subscript[x, i] in poly. MonomialList[poly,{Subscript[x, 1],Subscript[x, 2],\[Ellipsis]},order] puts the monomials in the specified order.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MonomialList] MonomialOrder is an option for GroebnerBasis, PolynomialReduce and NSolve which specifies the monomial order to be used in computations. MorphologicalComponents[image] gives an array in which each pixel of image is replaced by an integer index representing the connected foreground image component in which the pixel lies. MorphologicalComponents[image,t] treats values above t as foreground.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MorphologicalComponents] MorphologicalEulerNumber[image] computes the morphological Euler number of regions in a binary image. MorphologicalEulerNumber[image,t] treats values above t as foreground.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MorphologicalEulerNumber] MorphologicalPerimeter[image] picks out the morphological perimeter of regions of foreground in image. MorphologicalPerimeter[image,t] treats values above t as foreground.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MorphologicalPerimeter] Most[expr] gives expr with the last element removed. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Most] MouseAnnotation[] gives any mouse annotation associated with the expression at the current mouse position. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MouseAnnotation] MouseButtons[] gives a list of the mouse buttons currently being pressed. Mouseover[expr,over] represents an object that displays as over when the mouse pointer is over it, and as expr otherwise. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Mouseover] MousePointerNote Attributes[MousePointerNote] = {Protected} MousePosition[] gives the current mouse position in the notebook front end. MousePosition["coords"] gives the mouse position with respect to the specified coordinate system. MousePosition["coords",def] returns def if the mouse is not over an object that defines the specified coordinate system.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MousePosition] MovingAverage[list,r] gives the moving average of list, computed by averaging runs of r elements. MovingAverage[list,{Subscript[w, 1],Subscript[w, 2],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[w, r]}] gives the moving average of list, computed with weights Subscript[w, i].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MovingAverage] MovingMedian[list,r] gives the moving median of list, computed using spans of r elements.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MovingMedian] MultiedgeStyle is an option for GraphPlot and related functions which specifies how to draw multiple edges.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MultiedgeStyle] MultilaunchWarning is a global option that specifies whether a warning is given when you try to modify user preferences while running two copies of Mathematica simultaneously.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MultilaunchWarning] MultiLetterItalics Attributes[MultiLetterItalics] = {Protected} MultiLetterStyle Attributes[MultiLetterStyle] = {Protected} MultilineFunction is an option for UnderscriptBox and related box objects which specifies what to do when the contents of a box object are too long to fit on one line.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MultilineFunction] Multinomial[Subscript[n, 1],Subscript[n, 2],\[Ellipsis]] gives the multinomial coefficient (Subscript[n, 1]+Subscript[n, 2]+\[Ellipsis])!/(Subscript[n, 1]! Subscript[n, 2]! \[Ellipsis]). *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Multinomial] MultiplicativeOrder[k,n] gives the multiplicative order of k modulo n, defined as the smallest integer m such that k^m\[Congruent]1mod n. MultiplicativeOrder[k,n,{Subscript[r, 1],Subscript[r, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives the generalized multiplicative order of k modulo n, defined as the smallest integer m such that k^m\[Congruent]Subscript[r, i]mod n for some i. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/MultiplicativeOrder] Multiplicity is an option to Roots. Multiplicity -> n specifies that the multiplicity of each of the roots is n in the final result. N[expr] gives the numerical value of expr. N[expr,n] attempts to give a result with n-digit precision. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/N] NameQ["string"] yields True if there are any symbols whose names match the string pattern given, and yields False otherwise. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NameQ] Names["string"] gives a list of the names of symbols which match the string. Names[patt] gives a list of names matching the arbitrary string pattern patt.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Names] Nand[Subscript[e, 1],Subscript[e, 2],\[Ellipsis]] is the logical NAND function. It evaluates its arguments in order, giving True immediately if any of them are False, and False if they are all True. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Nand] NArgMax[f,x] gives a position Subscript[x, max] at which f is numerically maximized. NArgMax[f,{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] gives a position {Subscript[x, max],Subscript[y, max],\[Ellipsis]} at which f is numerically maximized. NArgMax[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] gives a position at which f is numerically maximized subject to the constraints cons. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NArgMax] NArgMin[f,x] gives a position Subscript[x, min] at which f is numerically minimized. NArgMin[f,{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] gives a position {Subscript[x, min],Subscript[y, min],\[Ellipsis]} at which f is numerically minimized. NArgMin[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] gives a position at which f is numerically minimized subject to the constraints cons. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NArgMin] NBernoulliB[n] gives the numerical value of the n\[Null]^th Bernoulli number. NBernoulliB[n, d] gives the result to d-digit precision. NCache[x,xn] represents a numeric cache object for a quantity with exact value x and approximate numerical value xn.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NCache] NDSolve[eqns,y,{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]}] finds a numerical solution to the ordinary differential equations eqns for the function y with the independent variable x in the range Subscript[x, min] to Subscript[x, max]. NDSolve[eqns,y,{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]},{t,Subscript[t, min],Subscript[t, max]}] finds a numerical solution to the partial differential equations eqns. NDSolve[eqns,{Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]}] finds numerical solutions for the functions Subscript[y, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NDSolve] Nearest[{Subscript[elem, 1],Subscript[elem, 2],\[Ellipsis]},x] gives the list of Subscript[elem, i] to which x is nearest. Nearest[{Subscript[elem, 1]->Subscript[v, 1],Subscript[elem, 2]->Subscript[v, 2],\[Ellipsis]},x] gives the Subscript[v, i] corresponding to the Subscript[elem, i] to which x is nearest. Nearest[{Subscript[elem, 1],Subscript[elem, 2],\[Ellipsis]}->{Subscript[v, 1],Subscript[v, 2],\[Ellipsis]},x] gives the same result. Nearest[{Subscript[elem, 1],Subscript[elem, 2],\[Ellipsis]}->Automatic,x] takes the Subscript[v, i] to be successive integers i. Nearest[data,x,n] gives the n nearest Subscript[elem, i] to x. Nearest[data] generates a NearestFunction[\[Ellipsis]] which can be applied repeatedly to different x. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Nearest] NearestFunction[data] represents a function whose values give the elements closest to an element that is supplied.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NearestFunction] NeedCurrentFrontEndPackagePacket Attributes[NeedCurrentFrontEndPackagePacket] = {Protected} NeedCurrentFrontEndSymbolsPacket Attributes[NeedCurrentFrontEndSymbolsPacket] = {Protected} NeedlemanWunschSimilarity[u,v] gives a number representing the Needleman\[Dash]Wunsch similarity between strings or vectors u and v.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NeedlemanWunschSimilarity] Needs["context`"] loads an appropriate file if the specified context is not already in $Packages. Needs["context`","file"] loads file if the specified context is not already in $Packages. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Needs] Negative[x] gives True if x is a negative number. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Negative] NegativeBinomialDistribution[n,p] represents a negative binomial distribution with parameters n and p.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NegativeBinomialDistribution] Nest[f,expr,n] gives an expression with f applied n times to expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Nest] NestedGreaterGreater[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NestedGreaterGreater]y\[NestedGreaterGreater]\[Ellipsis].\ *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NestedGreaterGreater] NestedLessLess[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NestedLessLess]y\[NestedLessLess]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NestedLessLess] NestedScriptRules Attributes[NestedScriptRules] = {Protected} NestList[f,expr,n] gives a list of the results of applying f to expr 0 through n times. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NestList] NestWhile[f,expr,test] starts with expr, then repeatedly applies f until applying test to the result no longer yields True. NestWhile[f,expr,test,m] supplies the most recent m results as arguments for test at each step. NestWhile[f,expr,test,All] supplies all results so far as arguments for test at each step. NestWhile[f,expr,test,m,max] applies f at most max times. NestWhile[f,expr,test,m,max,n] applies f an extra n times. NestWhile[f,expr,test,m,max,-n] returns the result found when f had been applied n fewer times. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NestWhile] NestWhileList[f,expr,test] generates a list of the results of applying f repeatedly, starting with expr, and continuing until applying test to the result no longer yields True. NestWhileList[f,expr,test,m] supplies the most recent m results as arguments for test at each step. NestWhileList[f,expr,test,All] supplies all results so far as arguments for test at each step. NestWhileList[f,expr,test,m,max] applies f at most max times. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NestWhileList] NevilleThetaC[z,m] gives the Neville theta function Subscript[\[CurlyTheta], c] (z\[VerticalSeparator]m). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NevilleThetaC] NevilleThetaD[z,m] gives the Neville theta function Subscript[\[CurlyTheta], d] (z\[VerticalSeparator]m). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NevilleThetaD] NevilleThetaN[z,m] gives the Neville theta function Subscript[\[CurlyTheta], n] (z\[VerticalSeparator]m). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NevilleThetaN] NevilleThetaS[z,m] gives the Neville theta function Subscript[\[CurlyTheta], s] (z\[VerticalSeparator]m). * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NevilleThetaS] Next Attributes[Next] = {Protected} NextPrime[n] gives the next prime above n. NextPrime[n,k] gives the k\[Null]^th prime above n.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NextPrime] NHoldAll is an attribute which specifies that none of the arguments to a function should be affected by N. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NHoldAll] NHoldFirst is an attribute which specifies that the first argument to a function should not be affected by N. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NHoldFirst] NHoldRest is an attribute which specifies that all but the first argument to a function should not be affected by N. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NHoldRest] NIntegrate[f,{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]}] gives a numerical approximation to the integral \!\(\*SubsuperscriptBox["\[Integral]", SubscriptBox["x", StyleBox["min", FontSlant->"Italic"]], SubscriptBox["x", StyleBox["max", FontSlant->"Italic"]]]\ \(f\ d x\)\). NIntegrate[f,{x,Subscript[x, min],Subscript[x, max]},{y,Subscript[y, min],Subscript[y, max]},\[Ellipsis]] gives a numerical approximation to the multiple integral \!\(\*SubsuperscriptBox["\[Integral]", SubscriptBox["x", StyleBox["min", FontSlant->"Italic"]], SubscriptBox["x", StyleBox["max", FontSlant->"Italic"]]]\(d x \(\*SubsuperscriptBox["\[Integral]", SubscriptBox["y", StyleBox["min", FontSlant->"Italic"]], SubscriptBox["y", StyleBox["max", FontSlant->"Italic"]]]d y\ \[Ellipsis]\ f\)\)\).*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NIntegrate] NMaximize[f,x] maximizes f numerically with respect to x. NMaximize[f,{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] maximizes f numerically with respect to x, y, \[Ellipsis]. NMaximize[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] maximizes f numerically subject to the constraints cons. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NMaximize] NMaxValue[f,x] gives the maximum value of f with respect to x. NMaxValue[f,{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] gives the maximum value of f with respect to x, y, \[Ellipsis]. NMaxValue[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] gives the maximum value of f subject to the constraints cons. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NMaxValue] NMinimize[f,x] minimizes f numerically with respect to x. NMinimize[f,{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] minimizes f numerically with respect to x, y, \[Ellipsis]. NMinimize[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] minimizes f numerically subject to the constraints cons. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NMinimize] NMinValue[f,x] gives the minimum value of f with respect to x. NMinValue[f,{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] gives the minimum value of f with respect to x, y, \[Ellipsis]. NMinValue[{f,cons},{x,y,\[Ellipsis]}] gives the minimum value of f subject to the constraints cons.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NMinValue] NominalInterestRate Attributes[NominalInterestRate] = {Protected, ReadProtected} NominalVariables is an option for fitting functions such as LinearModelFit which specifies which variables should be treated as having discrete values specified by names. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NominalVariables] NonAssociative is a symbol that represents a non-associative operator in formatting functions. NoncentralChiSquareDistribution[\[Nu],\[Lambda]] represents a noncentral \[Chi]^2 distribution with \[Nu] degrees of freedom and noncentrality parameter \[Lambda].\ *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NoncentralChiSquareDistribution] NoncentralFRatioDistribution[n,m,\[Lambda]] represents a noncentral F-ratio distribution with n numerator degrees of freedom and m denominator degrees of freedom and numerator noncentrality parameter \[Lambda].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NoncentralFRatioDistribution] NoncentralStudentTDistribution[\[Nu],\[Delta]] represents a noncentral Student t distribution with \[Nu] degrees of freedom and noncentrality parameter \[Delta].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NoncentralStudentTDistribution] a**b**c is a general associative, but non-commutative, form of multiplication. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NonCommutativeMultiply] NonConstants is an option for D which gives a list of objects to be taken to depend implicitly on the differentiation variables. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NonConstants] None is a setting used for certain options. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/None] NonlinearModelFit[{Subscript[y, 1],Subscript[y, 2],\[Ellipsis]},form,{Subscript[\[Beta], 1],\[Ellipsis]},x] constructs a nonlinear model with structure form that fits the Subscript[y, i] for successive x values 1, 2, \[Ellipsis] using the parameters Subscript[\[Beta], 1],\[Ellipsis]. NonlinearModelFit[{{Subscript[x, 11],Subscript[x, 12],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[y, 1]},{Subscript[x, 21],Subscript[x, 22],\[Ellipsis],Subscript[y, 2]},\[Ellipsis]},form,{Subscript[\[Beta], 1],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[x, 1],\[Ellipsis]}] constructs a nonlinear model where form depends on the variables Subscript[x, k]. NonlinearModelFit[data,{form,cons},{Subscript[\[Beta], 1],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[x, 1],\[Ellipsis]}] constructs a nonlinear model subject to the parameter constraints cons.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NonlinearModelFit] NonNegative[x] gives True if x is a non-negative number. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NonNegative] NonPositive[x] gives True if x is a non-positive number. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NonPositive] Nor[Subscript[e, 1],Subscript[e, 2],\[Ellipsis]] is the logical NOR function. It evaluates its arguments in order, giving False immediately if any of them are True, and True if they are all False. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Nor] NorlundB[n,a] gives Nørlund polynomials \!\*SubsuperscriptBox[\(B\), \(n\), \((a)\)] of degree n in a. NorlundB[n,a,x] gives generalized Bernoulli polynomials \!\(SubsuperscriptBox[\(B\), \(n\), \((a)\)](\* StyleBox["x", "TI"])\).* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NorlundB] Norm[expr] gives the norm of a number, vector or matrix. Norm[expr,p] gives the p-norm. \ *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Norm] Normal[expr] converts expr to a normal expression, from a variety of special forms. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Normal] NormalDistribution[\[Mu],\[Sigma]] represents a normal (Gaussian) distribution with mean \[Mu] and standard deviation \[Sigma]. NormalDistribution[] represents a normal distribution with zero mean and unit standard deviation.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NormalDistribution] NormalGrouping Attributes[NormalGrouping] = {Protected} Normalize is an option for ToCycles and FromCycles that indicates whether a list of cycles in Cycle notation (this assumes that we have CycleAs -> Cycle as an option) is normalized. If the list consists only of cycles of length 1, it drops all of them except the one with maximal value; otherwise, all cycles of length one are dropped (unless needed to show the length of the permutation), the remaining cycles are normalized by rotating until the smallest entry occurs first, and then the list of cycles is sorted from shortest to longest.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Normalize] NormalsFunction is an option for Plot3D and related functions that specifies a function to apply to determine the effective surface normals at every point.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NormalsFunction] NormFunction is an option for functions such as FindFit and NDSolve which gives a function to be minimized in generating results.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NormFunction] !expr is the logical NOT function. It gives False if expr is True, and True if it is False. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Not] NotCongruent[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotCongruent]y\[NotCongruent]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotCongruent] NotCupCap[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotCupCap]y\[NotCupCap]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotCupCap] NotDoubleVerticalBar[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotDoubleVerticalBar]y\[NotDoubleVerticalBar]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotDoubleVerticalBar] Notebook[{Subscript[cell, 1],Subscript[cell, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] is the low-level construct that represents a notebook manipulated by the Mathematica front end. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Notebook] NotebookApply[notebook,data] writes data into a notebook at the current selection, replacing the first selection placeholder in data by the current selection, and then setting the current selection to be just after the data written. NotebookApply[notebook,data,sel] writes data into a notebook and then sets the current selection to be as specified by sel. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookApply] NotebookAutoSave is a notebook option which specifies whether the notebook should automatically be saved after each piece of output generated by evaluation in it. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookAutoSave] NotebookClose[notebook] closes the notebook corresponding to the specified notebook object. NotebookClose[] closes the current evaluation notebook.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookClose] NotebookConvertSettings->{Subscript[opt, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[opt, 2]->Subscript[val, 2],\[Ellipsis]} is a global option that specifies settings for converting imported legacy notebooks.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookConvertSettings] NotebookCreate[] creates a new open notebook in the front end. NotebookCreate[options] sets up the specified options for the new notebook. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookCreate] NotebookCreateReturnObject Attributes[NotebookCreateReturnObject] = {Protected} NotebookDefault Attributes[NotebookDefault] = {Protected} NotebookDelete[notebook] deletes the current selection in the notebook corresponding to the specified notebook object. NotebookDelete[] deletes the current selection in the current evaluation notebook.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookDelete] NotebookDirectory[] gives the directory of the current evaluation notebook. NotebookDirectory[nb] gives the directory for the notebook specified by nb. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookDirectory] NotebookDynamicExpression Attributes[NotebookDynamicExpression] = {Protected} NotebookEventActions is a notebook option that gives a list of actions to perform when specified events occur in connection with the notebook. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookEventActions] NotebookFileName[] gives the file name of the current evaluation notebook. NotebookFileName[nb] gives the file name for the notebook specified by nb. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookFileName] NotebookFind[notebook,data] sets the current selection in the specified notebook object to be the next occurrence of data. NotebookFind[notebook,data,Previous] sets the current selection to be the previous occurrence. NotebookFind[notebook,data,All] sets the current selection to be all occurrences. NotebookFind[notebook,data,dir,elems] searches the elements of cells specified by elems. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookFind] NotebookFindReturnObject Attributes[NotebookFindReturnObject] = {Protected} NotebookGet[obj] gets the raw expression corresponding to the notebook represented by the notebook object obj. NotebookGet[] gets the raw expression corresponding to the currently selected notebook. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookGet] NotebookGetLayoutInformationPacket Attributes[NotebookGetLayoutInformationPacket] = {Protected} NotebookGetMisspellingsPacket Attributes[NotebookGetMisspellingsPacket] = {Protected} NotebookInformation[] gives a list of properties of the current evaluation notebook. NotebookInformation[notebook] gives a list of properties for the specified notebook.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookInformation] NotebookInterfaceObject Attributes[NotebookInterfaceObject] = {Protected, ReadProtected} NotebookLocate["tag"] locates all cells with the specified tag in your current input notebook, selecting the cells and scrolling to the position of the first one. NotebookLocate[{"file","tag"}] if necessary opens the notebook stored in file, then locates cells with the specified tag. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookLocate] NotebookObject[fe,id] is an object that represents an open notebook in the front end. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookObject] NotebookOpen["name"] opens an existing notebook with the specified name, returning the corresponding notebook object. NotebookOpen["name",options] opens a notebook using the options given. NotebookOpen["http://url",\[Ellipsis]] opens a notebook from any accessible URL. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookOpen] NotebookOpenReturnObject Attributes[NotebookOpenReturnObject] = {Protected} NotebookPath is a global option that determines which directories are searched when a specified notebook is needed.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookPath] NotebookPrint[expr] sends a notebook containing expr to your default printer. NotebookPrint[notebook] sends the specified notebook to your default printer. NotebookPrint[notebook,"file.ext"] saves a print-ready form of the notebook to a file in the format indicated by the file extension ext. NotebookPrint[] sends the current evaluation notebook to your default printer.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookPrint] NotebookPut[expr] creates a notebook corresponding to expr and makes it the currently selected notebook in the front end. NotebookPut[] creates a new empty notebook. NotebookPut[expr,obj] replaces the notebook represented by the notebook object obj with one corresponding to expr. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookPut] NotebookPutReturnObject Attributes[NotebookPutReturnObject] = {Protected} NotebookRead[notebook] gives the expression corresponding to the current selection in the specified notebook object. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookRead] NotebookResetGeneratedCells Attributes[NotebookResetGeneratedCells] = {Protected} Notebooks[] gives a list of notebooks currently open in the front end. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Notebooks] NotebookSave[notebook] saves the current version of the specified notebook. NotebookSave[notebook,"file"] saves the notebook in the specified file. NotebookSave[] saves the current version of the current evaluation notebook in a file.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookSave] NotebookSaveAs Attributes[NotebookSaveAs] = {Protected} NotebookSelection[] represents the current selection in the current evaluation notebook in the front end. NotebookSelection[nb] represents the current selection associated with the open notebook nb. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookSelection] NotebookSetupLayoutInformationPacket Attributes[NotebookSetupLayoutInformationPacket] = {Protected} NotebooksMenu is a global option that specifies which recently opened notebooks are listed under the File menu.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebooksMenu] NotebookWrite[notebook,data] writes data into a notebook at the current selection, setting the current selection to be just after the data written. NotebookWrite[notebook,data,sel] writes data into a notebook, setting the current selection to be as specified by sel. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotebookWrite] NotElement[x,dom] or x\[NotElement]dom asserts that x is not an element of the domain dom. NotElement[Subscript[x, 1]|\[Ellipsis]|Subscript[x, n],dom] asserts that none of the Subscript[x, i] are elements of dom. NotElement[patt,dom] asserts that any expression matching the pattern patt is not an element of the domain dom.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotElement] NotEqualTilde[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotEqualTilde]y\[NotEqualTilde]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotEqualTilde] NotExists[x,y] displays as \!\(\*SubscriptBox[\(\[NotExists]\), \(x\)]y\).* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotExists] NotGreater[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotGreater]y\[NotGreater]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotGreater] NotGreaterEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotGreaterEqual]y\[NotGreaterEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotGreaterEqual] NotGreaterFullEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotGreaterFullEqual]y\[NotGreaterFullEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotGreaterFullEqual] NotGreaterGreater[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotGreaterGreater]y\[NotGreaterGreater]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotGreaterGreater] NotGreaterLess[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotGreaterLess]y\[NotGreaterLess]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotGreaterLess] NotGreaterSlantEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotGreaterSlantEqual]y\[NotGreaterSlantEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotGreaterSlantEqual] NotGreaterTilde[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotGreaterTilde]y\[NotGreaterTilde]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotGreaterTilde] NotHumpDownHump[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotHumpDownHump]y\[NotHumpDownHump]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotHumpDownHump] NotHumpEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotHumpEqual]y\[NotHumpEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotHumpEqual] NotLeftTriangle[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotLeftTriangle]y\[NotLeftTriangle]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotLeftTriangle] NotLeftTriangleBar[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotLeftTriangleBar]y\[NotLeftTriangleBar]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotLeftTriangleBar] NotLeftTriangleEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotLeftTriangleEqual]y\[NotLeftTriangleEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotLeftTriangleEqual] NotLess[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotLess]y\[NotLess]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotLess] NotLessEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotLessEqual]y\[NotLessEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotLessEqual] NotLessFullEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotLessFullEqual]y\[NotLessFullEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotLessFullEqual] NotLessGreater[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotLessGreater]y\[NotLessGreater]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotLessGreater] NotLessLess[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotLessLess]y\[NotLessLess]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotLessLess] NotLessSlantEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotLessSlantEqual]y\[NotLessSlantEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotLessSlantEqual] NotLessTilde[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotLessTilde]y\[NotLessTilde]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotLessTilde] NotNestedGreaterGreater[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotNestedGreaterGreater]y\[NotNestedGreaterGreater]\[Ellipsis].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotNestedGreaterGreater] NotNestedLessLess[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotNestedLessLess]y\[NotNestedLessLess]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotNestedLessLess] NotPrecedes[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotPrecedes]y\[NotPrecedes]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotPrecedes] NotPrecedesEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotPrecedesEqual]y\[NotPrecedesEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotPrecedesEqual] NotPrecedesSlantEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotPrecedesSlantEqual]y\[NotPrecedesSlantEqual]\[Ellipsis].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotPrecedesSlantEqual] NotPrecedesTilde[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotPrecedesTilde]y\[NotPrecedesTilde]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotPrecedesTilde] NotReverseElement[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotReverseElement]y\[NotReverseElement]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotReverseElement] NotRightTriangle[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotRightTriangle]y\[NotRightTriangle]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotRightTriangle] NotRightTriangleBar[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotRightTriangleBar]y\[NotRightTriangleBar]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotRightTriangleBar] NotRightTriangleEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotRightTriangleEqual]y\[NotRightTriangleEqual]\[Ellipsis].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotRightTriangleEqual] NotSquareSubset[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotSquareSubset]y\[NotSquareSubset]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotSquareSubset] NotSquareSubsetEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotSquareSubsetEqual]y\[NotSquareSubsetEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotSquareSubsetEqual] NotSquareSuperset[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotSquareSuperset]y\[NotSquareSuperset]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotSquareSuperset] NotSquareSupersetEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotSquareSupersetEqual]y\[NotSquareSupersetEqual]\[Ellipsis].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotSquareSupersetEqual] NotSubset[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotSubset]y\[NotSubset]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotSubset] NotSubsetEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotSubsetEqual]y\[NotSubsetEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotSubsetEqual] NotSucceeds[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotSucceeds]y\[NotSucceeds]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotSucceeds] NotSucceedsEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotSucceedsEqual]y\[NotSucceedsEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotSucceedsEqual] NotSucceedsSlantEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotSucceedsSlantEqual]y\[NotSucceedsSlantEqual]\[Ellipsis].*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotSucceedsSlantEqual] NotSucceedsTilde[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotSucceedsTilde]y\[NotSucceedsTilde]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotSucceedsTilde] NotSuperset[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotSuperset]y\[NotSuperset]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotSuperset] NotSupersetEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotSupersetEqual]y\[NotSupersetEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotSupersetEqual] NotTilde[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotTilde]y\[NotTilde]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotTilde] NotTildeEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotTildeEqual]y\[NotTildeEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotTildeEqual] NotTildeFullEqual[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotTildeFullEqual]y\[NotTildeFullEqual]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotTildeFullEqual] NotTildeTilde[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotTildeTilde]y\[NotTildeTilde]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotTildeTilde] NotVerticalBar[x,y,\[Ellipsis]] displays as x\[NotVerticalBar]y\[NotVerticalBar]\[Ellipsis].* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NotVerticalBar] NProduct[f,{i,Subscript[i, min],Subscript[i, max]}] gives a numerical approximation to the product \!\(\*UnderoverscriptBox["\[Product]", RowBox[{ StyleBox["i", "TI"], "=", SubscriptBox[ StyleBox["i", "TI"], StyleBox["min", "TI"]]}], SubscriptBox[ StyleBox["i", "TI"], StyleBox["max", "TI"]], LimitsPositioning->True]\ \* StyleBox["f", "TI"]\). NProduct[f,{i,Subscript[i, min],Subscript[i, max],di}] uses a step di in the product. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NProduct] NProductFactors is an option for NProduct. NProductFactors -> n explicitly includes n factors in the product before extrapolation. NRoots[lhs==rhs,var] yields a disjunction of equations which represent numerical approximations to the roots of a polynomial equation. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NRoots] NSolve[lhs==rhs,var] gives a list of numerical approximations to the roots of a polynomial equation. NSolve[{Subscript[eqn, 1],Subscript[eqn, 2],\[Ellipsis]},{Subscript[var, 1],Subscript[var, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] solves a system of polynomial equations. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NSolve] NSum[f,{i,Subscript[i, min],Subscript[i, max]}] gives a numerical approximation to the sum \!\(\*UnderoverscriptBox["\[Sum]", RowBox[{ StyleBox["i", "TI"], "=", SubscriptBox[ StyleBox["i", "TI"], StyleBox["min", "TI"]]}], SubscriptBox[ StyleBox["i", "TI"], StyleBox["max", "TI"]], LimitsPositioning->True]\ \* StyleBox["f", "TI"]\). NSum[f,{i,Subscript[i, min],Subscript[i, max],di}] uses a step di in the sum. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NSum] NSumTerms is an option for NSum. NSumTerms -> n explicitly includes n terms in the sum before extrapolation. Null is a symbol used to indicate the absence of an expression or a result. It is not displayed in ordinary output. When Null appears as a complete output expression, no output is printed. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Null] NullRecords is an option for Read and related functions which specifies whether null records should be taken to exist between repeated record separators. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NullRecords] NullSpace[m] gives a list of vectors that forms a basis for the null space of the matrix m. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NullSpace] NullWords is an option for Read and related functions which specifies whether null words should be taken to exist between repeated word separators. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NullWords] Number represents an exact integer or an approximate real number in Read. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Number] NumberFieldClassNumber[\[Theta]] gives the class number for the algebraic number field \[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][\[Theta]] generated by \[Theta].\ *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberFieldClassNumber] NumberFieldDiscriminant[a] gives the discriminant of the field \[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][a] generated by the algebraic number a.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberFieldDiscriminant] NumberFieldFundamentalUnits[a] gives a list of fundamental units for the field \[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][a] generated by the algebraic number a.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberFieldFundamentalUnits] NumberFieldIntegralBasis[a] gives an integral basis for the field \[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][a] generated by the algebraic number a.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberFieldIntegralBasis] NumberFieldNormRepresentatives[a,m] gives a list of representatives of classes of algebraic integers of norm \[PlusMinus]m in the field \[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][a] generated by the algebraic number a.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberFieldNormRepresentatives] NumberFieldRegulator[a] gives the regulator of the field \[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][a] generated by the algebraic number a.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberFieldRegulator] NumberFieldRootsOfUnity[a] gives the roots of unity for the field \[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][a] generated by the algebraic number a.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberFieldRootsOfUnity] NumberFieldSignature[a] gives the signature of the field \[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][a] generated by the algebraic number a.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberFieldSignature] NumberForm[expr,n] prints with approximate real numbers in expr given to n-digit precision. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberForm] NumberFormat is an option for NumberForm and related functions which specifies how the mantissa, base and exponent should be assembled into a final print form. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberFormat] NumberMarks is an option for InputForm and related functions that specifies whether ` marks should be included in the printed forms of approximate numbers. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberMarks] NumberMultiplier is an option for NumberForm and related functions which gives the string to use as a multiplication sign in scientific notation. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberMultiplier] NumberPadding is an option for NumberForm and related functions which gives strings to use as padding on the left- and right-hand sides of numbers. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberPadding] NumberPoint is an option for NumberForm and related functions which gives the string to use as a decimal point. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberPoint] NumberQ[expr] gives True if expr is a number, and False otherwise. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberQ] NumberSeparator is an option for NumberForm and related functions which gives the string to insert at breaks between digits. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberSeparator] NumberSigns is an option for NumberForm and related functions which gives strings to use as signs for negative and positive numbers. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberSigns] NumberString represents the characters of a number in StringExpression.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumberString] Numerator[expr] gives the numerator of expr. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Numerator] NumericFunction is an attribute that can be assigned to a symbol f to indicate that f[Subscript[arg, 1],Subscript[arg, 2],\[Ellipsis]] should be considered a numeric quantity whenever all the Subscript[arg, i] are numeric quantities. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumericFunction] NumericQ[expr] gives True if expr is a numeric quantity, and False otherwise. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/NumericQ] NValues[f] gives a list of transformation rules corresponding to all numerical values (values for N[f[x,\[Ellipsis]],\[Ellipsis]], etc.) defined for the symbol f. O[x]^n represents a term of order x^n. O[x]^n is generated to represent omitted higher-order terms in power series. O[x,Subscript[x, 0]]^n represents a term of order (x-Subscript[x, 0])^n. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/O] OddQ[expr] gives True if expr is an odd integer, and False otherwise. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/OddQ] Off[symbol::tag] switches off a message, so that it is no longer printed. Off["name"] switches off a named group of messages. Off[s] switches off tracing messages associated with the symbol s. Off[Subscript[m, 1],Subscript[m, 2],\[Ellipsis]] switches off several messages or message groups. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Off] Offset[{dx,dy},position] gives the position of a graphical object obtained by starting at the specified position and then moving by absolute offset {dx,dy}. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Offset] OLEData Attributes[OLEData] = {Protected} On[symbol::tag] switches on a message, so that it can be printed. On["name"] switches on a named group of messages. On[s] switches on tracing for the symbol s. On[Subscript[m, 1],Subscript[m, 2],\[Ellipsis]] switches on several messages or message groups. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/On] OneIdentity is an attribute that can be assigned to a symbol f to indicate that f[x], f[f[x]], etc. are all equivalent to x for the purpose of pattern matching. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/OneIdentity] Opacity[a] is a graphics directive which specifies that graphical objects which follow are to be displayed, if possible, with opacity a. Opacity[a,color] uses the specified color with opacity a.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Opacity] Open Attributes[Open] = {Protected} OpenAppend["file"] opens a file to append output to it, and returns an OutputStream object. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/OpenAppend] Opener[x] represents an opener with setting x, displayed as when x is True and when x is False. Opener[Dynamic[x]] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the value of x being toggled if the opener is clicked. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Opener] OpenerBox Attributes[OpenerBox] = {Protected, ReadProtected} OpenerBoxOptions Attributes[OpenerBoxOptions] = {Protected} OpenerView[{Subscript[expr, 1],Subscript[expr, 2]}] represents an object which displays as an opener, together with Subscript[expr, 1] if the opener is closed, and both Subscript[expr, 1] and Subscript[expr, 2] if it is open. OpenerView[{Subscript[expr, 1],Subscript[expr, 2]},state] specifies the state of the opener, with False being closed, and True being open.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/OpenerView] OpenFunctionInspectorPacket Attributes[OpenFunctionInspectorPacket] = {Protected} Opening[image,ker] gives the morphological opening of image with respect to the structuring element ker. Opening[image,r] gives the opening with respect to a range r square.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Opening] OpenRead["file"] opens a file to read data from, and returns an InputStream object. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/OpenRead] OpenSpecialOptions Attributes[OpenSpecialOptions] = {Protected} OpenTemporary[] opens a temporary file to which output can be written, and returns an OutputStream object. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/OpenTemporary] OpenWrite["file"] opens a file to write output to it, and returns an OutputStream object. OpenWrite[] opens a new file in the default area for temporary files on your computer system.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/OpenWrite] Operate[p,f[x,y]] gives p[f][x,y]. Operate[p,expr,n] applies p at level n in the head of expr. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Operate] OperatingSystem is an option for file and related operations that specifies the type of operating system to use to determine file name and other conventions.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/OperatingSystem] p:v is a pattern object which represents an expression of the form p, which, if omitted, should be replaced by v. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Optional] OptionInspectorSettings->{Subscript[opt, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[opt, 2]->Subscript[val, 2],\[Ellipsis]} is a global option that specifies the display of options in the Option Inspector.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/OptionInspectorSettings] OptionQ[e] returns True if e can be considered an option or list of options, and False otherwise. Options[symbol] gives the list of default options assigned to a symbol. Options[expr] gives the options explicitly specified in a particular expression such as a graphics object. Options[stream] or Options["sname"] gives options associated with a particular stream. Options[object] gives options associated with an external object such as a NotebookObject. Options[obj,name] gives the setting for the option name. Options[obj,{Subscript[name, 1],Subscript[name, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] gives a list of the settings for the options Subscript[name, i]. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Options] OptionsPacket Attributes[OptionsPacket] = {Protected} OptionsPattern[] is a pattern object that represents a collection of options given as rules, where the values of the options can be accessed using OptionValue. OptionsPattern[f] takes default option values from Options[f]. OptionsPattern[{Subscript[opt, 1]->Subscript[val, 1],Subscript[opt, 2]->Subscript[val, 2],\[Ellipsis]}] uses an explicit list of default option values.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/OptionsPattern] OptionValue[name] gives the value of name in options matched by OptionsPattern. OptionValue[f,name] gives the value of name for options associated with the head f. OptionValue[f,opts,name] extracts option values from the explicit list of rules opts.* Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/OptionValue] OptionValueBox Attributes[OptionValueBox] = {Protected, ReadProtected} OptionValueBoxOptions Attributes[OptionValueBoxOptions] = {Protected} Subscript[e, 1]||Subscript[e, 2]||\[Ellipsis] is the logical OR function. It evaluates its arguments in order, giving True immediately if any of them are True, and False if they are all False. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Or] Orange represents the color orange in graphics or style specifications. *Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Orange] Order[G] returns the cardinality of the set of elements in the group G. This is identical to the function Size. Order[G, g] gives the order of the element g in G. This is identical to the function OrderOfElement. The standard (built-in) definition still exists: Order[expr1, expr2] gives 1 if expr1 is before expr2 in canonical order, and -1 if expr1 is after expr2 in canonical order. It gives 0 if expr1 is identical to expr2.*Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/Order] OrderedQ[h[Subscript[e, 1],Subscript[e, 2],\[Ellipsis]]] gives True if the Subscript[e, i] are in canonical order, and False otherwise. * Button[>>, Inherited, Active -> True, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/OrderedQ] Ordering[list] gives the positions in list at which each successive element of Sort[list] appears. Ordering[list,n] gives the positions in list at which